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use super::*;
use num_bigint::BigUint;
use num_traits::identities::Zero;
// Non-opcode gas prices
const GDEFAULT: usize = 1;
const GMEMORY: usize = 3;
const GQUADRATICMEMDENOM: usize = 512; // 1 gas per 512 quadwords
const GSTORAGEREFUND: usize = 15000;
const GSTORAGEKILL: usize = 5000;
const GSTORAGEMOD: usize = 5000;
const GSTORAGEADD: usize = 20000;
const NETSSTORENOOPGAS: u64 = 200;
const NETSSTOREINITGAS: u64 = 20000;
const NETSSTORECLEARREFUND: u64 = 15000;
const NETSSTORERESETCLEARREFUND: u64 = 19800;
const NETSSTORERESETREFUND: u64 = 4800;
const NETSSTORECLEANGAS: u64 = 5000;
const NETSSTOREDIRTYGAS: u64 = 200;
const GEXPONENTBYTE: usize = 10; // cost of EXP exponent per byte
const EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS: usize = 40;
const GCOPY: usize = 3; // cost to copy one 32 byte word
const GCONTRACTBYTE: usize = 200; // one byte of code in contract creation
const GCALLVALUETRANSFER: usize = 9000; // non-zero-valued call
const GLOGBYTE: usize = 8; // cost of a byte of logdata
const GTXCOST: usize = 21000; // TX BASE GAS COST
const GTXDATAZERO: usize = 4; // TX DATA ZERO BYTE GAS COST
const GTXDATANONZERO: usize = 68; // TX DATA NON ZERO BYTE GAS COST
const GSHA3WORD: usize = 6; // Cost of SHA3 per word
const GSHA256BASE: usize = 60; // Base c of SHA256
const GSHA256WORD: usize = 12; // Cost of SHA256 per word
const GRIPEMD160BASE: usize = 600; // Base cost of RIPEMD160
const GRIPEMD160WORD: usize = 120; // Cost of RIPEMD160 per word
const GIDENTITYBASE: usize = 15; // Base cost of indentity
const GIDENTITYWORD: usize = 3; // Cost of identity per word
const GECRECOVER: usize = 3000; // Cost of ecrecover op
const GSTIPEND: usize = 2300;
const GCALLNEWACCOUNT: usize = 25000;
const GSUICIDEREFUND: usize = 24000;
pub struct Opcode {
pub name: String,
pub ins: u32,
pub outs: u32,
pub gas: u64,
}
pub fn new_opcode(name: &str, ins: u32, outs: u32, gas: u64) -> Opcode {
Opcode {
name: name.to_string(),
ins,
outs,
gas,
}
}
pub fn new_opcodes() -> HashMap<u8, Opcode> {
let mut opcodes: HashMap<u8, Opcode> = HashMap::new();
// arithmetic
opcodes.insert(0x00, new_opcode("STOP", 0, 0, 0));
opcodes.insert(0x01, new_opcode("ADD", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x02, new_opcode("MUL", 2, 1, 5));
opcodes.insert(0x03, new_opcode("SUB", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x04, new_opcode("DIV", 2, 1, 5));
opcodes.insert(0x05, new_opcode("SDIV", 2, 1, 5));
opcodes.insert(0x06, new_opcode("MOD", 2, 1, 5));
opcodes.insert(0x07, new_opcode("SMOD", 2, 1, 5));
opcodes.insert(0x08, new_opcode("ADDMOD", 3, 1, 8));
opcodes.insert(0x09, new_opcode("MULMOD", 3, 1, 8));
opcodes.insert(0x0a, new_opcode("EXP", 2, 1, 10));
opcodes.insert(0x0b, new_opcode("SIGNEXTEND", 2, 1, 5));
// boolean
opcodes.insert(0x10, new_opcode("LT", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x11, new_opcode("GT", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x12, new_opcode("SLT", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x13, new_opcode("SGT", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x14, new_opcode("EQ", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x15, new_opcode("ISZERO", 1, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x16, new_opcode("AND", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x17, new_opcode("OR", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x18, new_opcode("XOR", 2, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x19, new_opcode("NOT", 1, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x1a, new_opcode("BYTE", 2, 1, 3));
// crypto
opcodes.insert(0x20, new_opcode("SHA3", 2, 1, 30));
// contract context
opcodes.insert(0x30, new_opcode("ADDRESS", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x31, new_opcode("BALANCE", 1, 1, 20));
opcodes.insert(0x32, new_opcode("ORIGIN", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x33, new_opcode("CALLER", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x34, new_opcode("CALLVALUE", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x35, new_opcode("CALLDATALOAD", 1, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x36, new_opcode("CALLDATASIZE", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x37, new_opcode("CALLDATACOPY", 3, 0, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x38, new_opcode("CODESIZE", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x39, new_opcode("CODECOPY", 3, 0, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x3a, new_opcode("GASPRICE", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x3b, new_opcode("EXTCODESIZE", 1, 1, 20));
opcodes.insert(0x3c, new_opcode("EXTCODECOPY", 4, 0, 20));
// blockchain context
opcodes.insert(0x40, new_opcode("BLOCKHASH", 1, 1, 20));
opcodes.insert(0x41, new_opcode("COINBASE", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x42, new_opcode("TIMESTAMP", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x43, new_opcode("NUMBER", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x44, new_opcode("DIFFICULTY", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x45, new_opcode("GASLIMIT", 0, 1, 2));
// storage and execution
opcodes.insert(0x50, new_opcode("POP", 1, 0, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x51, new_opcode("MLOAD", 1, 1, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x52, new_opcode("MSTORE", 2, 0, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x53, new_opcode("MSTORE8", 2, 0, 3));
opcodes.insert(0x54, new_opcode("SLOAD", 1, 1, 50));
opcodes.insert(0x55, new_opcode("SSTORE", 2, 0, 0));
opcodes.insert(0x56, new_opcode("JUMP", 1, 0, 8));
opcodes.insert(0x57, new_opcode("JUMPI", 2, 0, 10));
opcodes.insert(0x58, new_opcode("PC", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x59, new_opcode("MSIZE", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x5a, new_opcode("GAS", 0, 1, 2));
opcodes.insert(0x5b, new_opcode("JUMPDEST", 0, 0, 1));
// logging
opcodes.insert(0xa0, new_opcode("LOG0", 2, 0, 375));
opcodes.insert(0xa1, new_opcode("LOG1", 3, 0, 750));
opcodes.insert(0xa2, new_opcode("LOG2", 4, 0, 1125));
opcodes.insert(0xa3, new_opcode("LOG3", 5, 0, 1500));
opcodes.insert(0xa4, new_opcode("LOG4", 6, 0, 1875));
// closures
opcodes.insert(0xf0, new_opcode("CREATE", 3, 1, 32000));
opcodes.insert(0xf1, new_opcode("CALL", 7, 1, 40));
opcodes.insert(0xf2, new_opcode("CALLCODE", 7, 1, 40));
opcodes.insert(0xf3, new_opcode("RETURN", 2, 0, 0));
opcodes.insert(0xf4, new_opcode("DELEGATECALL", 6, 0, 40));
opcodes.insert(0xff, new_opcode("SUICIDE", 1, 0, 0));
for i in 1..33 {
let name = format!("PUSH{}", i);
opcodes.insert(0x5f + i, new_opcode(&name, 0, 1, 3));
}
for i in 1..17 {
let name = format!("DUP{}", i);
opcodes.insert(0x7f + i, new_opcode(&name, i as u32, i as u32 + 1, 3));
let name = format!("SWAP{}", i);
opcodes.insert(0x8f + i, new_opcode(&name, i as u32 + 1, i as u32 + 1, 3));
}
opcodes
}
impl Stack {
// arithmetic
// TODO instead of [u8;32] converted to BigUint, use custom type uint256 that implements all
// the arithmetic
pub fn add(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b0 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b1 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(b0 + b1).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn mul(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b0 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b1 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(b0 * b1).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn sub(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b0 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b1 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
if b0 >= b1 {
self.push_arbitrary(&(b0 - b1).to_bytes_be());
} else {
// 2**256 TODO this will not be here hardcoded, there will be a custom type uint256
let max =
"115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936"
.parse::<BigUint>()
.unwrap();
self.push_arbitrary(&(max + b0 - b1).to_bytes_be());
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn div(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b0 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b1 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(b0 / b1).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn sdiv(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
Err("unimplemented".to_string())
}
pub fn modulus(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b0 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b1 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(b0 % b1).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn smod(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
Err("unimplemented".to_string())
}
pub fn add_mod(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b0 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b1 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b2 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(b0 + b1 % b2).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn mul_mod(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b0 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b1 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b2 = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(b0 * b1 % b2).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn exp(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let b = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let e = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let mut r = "1".parse::<BigUint>().unwrap();
let zero = "0".parse::<BigUint>().unwrap();
let mut rem = e.clone();
let mut exp = b;
// 2**256 TODO this will not be here hardcoded, there will be a custom type uint256
let field =
"115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936"
.parse::<BigUint>()
.unwrap();
while rem != zero {
if rem.bit(0) {
// is odd
r = r * exp.clone() % field.clone();
}
exp = exp.clone() * exp.clone();
rem >>= 1;
}
self.push_arbitrary(&r.to_bytes_be());
let n_bytes = &e.to_bytes_be().len();
let mut exp_fee = n_bytes * GEXPONENTBYTE;
exp_fee += EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS * n_bytes;
self.gas -= exp_fee as u64;
Ok(())
}
// boolean
pub fn lt(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push(u256::usize_to_u256((a < b) as usize));
Ok(())
}
pub fn gt(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push(u256::usize_to_u256((a > b) as usize));
Ok(())
}
pub fn eq(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push(u256::usize_to_u256((a == b) as usize));
Ok(())
}
pub fn is_zero(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push(u256::usize_to_u256(a.is_zero() as usize));
Ok(())
}
pub fn and(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(a & b).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn or(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(a | b).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn xor(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
let b = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(a ^ b).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
pub fn not(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
// 2**256-1 TODO this will not be here hardcoded, there will be a custom type uint256
let f = "115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935"
.parse::<BigUint>()
.unwrap();
let a = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&self.pop()?[..]);
self.push_arbitrary(&(f - a).to_bytes_be());
Ok(())
}
// crypto
// contract context
pub fn calldata_load(&mut self, calldata: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
let mut start = self.calldata_i;
if !self.stack.is_empty() {
start = u256::u256_to_u64(self.peek()?) as usize;
}
let l = calldata.len();
if start > l {
start = l;
}
let mut end = start + self.calldata_size;
if end > l {
end = l;
}
self.put_arbitrary(&calldata[start..end]);
self.calldata_i += self.calldata_size;
Ok(())
}
pub fn calldata_size(&mut self, calldata: &[u8]) {
self.calldata_size = calldata.len();
self.push(u256::usize_to_u256(self.calldata_size));
}
fn spend_gas_data_copy(&mut self, length: usize) {
let length32 = upper_multiple_of_32(length);
self.gas -= ((GCOPY * length32) / 32) as u64;
}
pub fn code_copy(&mut self, code: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
let dest_offset = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?) as usize;
let offset = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?) as usize;
let length = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?) as usize;
self.extend_mem(dest_offset, length);
self.spend_gas_data_copy(length);
for i in 0..length {
if offset + i < code.len() {
self.mem[dest_offset + i] = code[offset + i];
} else {
self.mem[dest_offset + i] = 0;
}
}
// self.mem[dest_offset..dest_offset+length] =
Ok(())
}
// blockchain context
// storage and execution
pub fn extend_mem(&mut self, start: usize, size: usize) {
if size <= self.mem.len() || start + size <= self.mem.len() {
return;
}
let old_size = self.mem.len() / 32;
let new_size = upper_multiple_of_32(start + size) / 32;
let old_total_fee = old_size * GMEMORY + old_size.pow(2) / GQUADRATICMEMDENOM;
let new_total_fee = new_size * GMEMORY + new_size.pow(2) / GQUADRATICMEMDENOM;
let mem_fee = new_total_fee - old_total_fee;
self.gas -= mem_fee as u64;
let mut new_bytes: Vec<u8> = vec![0; (new_size - old_size) * 32];
self.mem.append(&mut new_bytes);
}
pub fn mload(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let pos = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?) as usize;
self.extend_mem(pos as usize, 32);
let mem32 = self.mem[pos..pos + 32].to_vec();
self.push_arbitrary(&mem32);
Ok(())
}
pub fn mstore(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let pos = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?);
let val = self.pop()?;
self.extend_mem(pos as usize, 32);
self.mem[pos as usize..].copy_from_slice(&val);
Ok(())
}
pub fn sstore(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3529
// https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-1283.md
// 1. If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), 200 gas is deducted.
// 2. If current value does not equal new value
// 2.1. If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context)
// 2.1.1. If original value is 0, 20000 gas is deducted.
// 2.1.2. Otherwise, 5000 gas is deducted. If new value is 0, add 15000 gas to refund counter.
// 2.2. If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), 200 gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses.
// 2.2.1. If original value is not 0
// 2.2.1.1. If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), remove 15000 gas from refund counter. We can prove that refund counter will never go below 0.
// 2.2.1.2. If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add 15000 gas to refund counter.
// 2.2.2. If original value equals new value (this storage slot is reset)
// 2.2.2.1. If original value is 0, add 19800 gas to refund counter.
// 2.2.2.2. Otherwise, add 4800 gas to refund counter.
let empty: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
let key = self.pop()?;
let value = self.pop()?;
let original = match self.storage_committed.get(&key) {
Some(v) => v.clone(),
None => empty.clone(),
};
let current = match self.storage.get(&key) {
Some(v) => v.clone(),
None => {
self.gas -= 2100;
empty.clone()
}
};
if current == value {
self.gas -= NETSSTORENOOPGAS;
return Ok(());
}
if original == current {
if original.is_empty() {
self.gas -= NETSSTOREINITGAS;
return Ok(());
}
if value.is_empty() {
self.gas += NETSSTORECLEARREFUND;
}
self.gas -= NETSSTORECLEANGAS;
return Ok(());
}
if !original.is_empty() {
if current.is_empty() {
self.gas -= NETSSTORECLEARREFUND;
} else if value.is_empty() {
self.gas += NETSSTORECLEARREFUND;
}
}
if original == value {
if original.is_empty() {
self.gas += NETSSTORERESETCLEARREFUND;
} else {
self.gas += NETSSTORERESETREFUND;
}
}
self.gas -= NETSSTOREDIRTYGAS;
self.storage.insert(key, value.to_vec());
Ok(())
}
pub fn jump(&mut self, code: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
// TODO that jump destination is valid
let new_pc = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?) as usize;
if !valid_dest(code, new_pc) {
return Err(format!("not valid dest: {:02x}", new_pc));
}
self.pc = new_pc;
Ok(())
}
pub fn jump_i(&mut self, code: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
let new_pc = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?) as usize;
if !valid_dest(code, new_pc) {
return Err(format!("not valid dest: {:02x}", new_pc));
}
if !self.stack.is_empty() {
let cond = u256::u256_to_u64(self.pop()?) as usize;
if cond != 0 {
self.pc = new_pc;
}
}
// let cont = self.pop();
// if cont {} // TODO depends on having impl Err in pop()
Ok(())
}
pub fn jump_dest(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
// TODO
Ok(())
}
}
fn valid_dest(code: &[u8], pos: usize) -> bool {
if code[pos] == 0x5b {
return true;
}
false
}
fn upper_multiple_of_32(n: usize) -> usize {
((n - 1) | 31) + 1
}
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