- Add new command to the cli/node: `serveapi` that alows serving the API just
  by connecting to the PostgreSQL database.  The mode flag should me passed in
  order to select whether we are connecting to a synchronizer database or a
  coordinator database.  If `coord` is chosen as mode, the coordinator
  endpoints can be activated in order to allow inserting l2txs and
  authorizations into the L2DB.

Summary of the implementation details
- New SQL table with 3 columns (plus `item_id` pk).  The table only contains a
  single row with `item_id` = 1.  Columns:
    - state: historydb.StateAPI in JSON.  This is the struct that is served via
      the `/state` API endpoint.  The node will periodically update this struct
      and store it int he DB.  The api server will query it from the DB to
      serve it.
    - config: historydb.NodeConfig in JSON.  This struct contains node
      configuration parameters that the API needs to be aware of.  It's updated
      once every time the node starts.
    - constants: historydb.Constants in JSON.  This struct contains all the
      hermez network constants gathered via the ethereum client by the node.
      It's written once every time the node starts.
- The HistoryDB contains methods to get and update each one of these columns
  individually.
- The HistoryDB contains all methods that query the DB and prepare objects that
  will appear in the StateAPI endpoint.
- The configuration used in for the `serveapi` cli/node command is defined in
  `config.APIServer`, and is a subset of `node.Config` in order to allow
  reusing the same configuration file of the node if desired.
- A new object is introduced in the api: `StateAPIUpdater`, which contains all
  the necessary information to update the StateAPI in the DB periodically by
  the node.

- Moved the types `SCConsts`, `SCVariables` and `SCVariablesPtr` from
  `syncrhonizer` to `common` for convenience.

Add new config setting `Debug.GinDebugMode`.  When set to true, gin will run in
debug mode.  If not set, gin will run in release mode.  Before this change, gin
always ran in debug mode, so to keep the same behaviour as before, set this
parameter to true

Add the following config parameters at
`Coordinator.EthClient.ForgeBatchGasCost`:
- `Fixed`
- `L1UserTx`
- `L1CoordTx`
- `L2Tx`
Which are the costs associated to a ForgeBatch transaction, split
into different parts to be used in the formula to compute the gasLimit.

- Add config parameter `Coordinator.L2DB.MinPriceUSD` which allows rejecting
  txs to the pool that have a fee lower than the minimum.
- In pool tx insertion, checking the number of pending txs atomically with the
  insertion to avoid data races leading to more than MaxTxs pending txs in the
  pool.

- In tx_pool, add a column called `external_delete` that can be set to true
  externally.  Regularly, the coordinator will delete all pending txs with this
  column set to true.  The interval for this action is set via the new config
  parameter `Coordinator.PurgeByExtDelInterval`.
- In tx_pool, add a column for the client ip that sent the transaction.  The
  api fills this value using the ClientIP method from gin.Context, which should
  work even under a reverse-proxy.

coordinator:
    - Add config `ForgeDelay`: ForgeDelay is the delay after which a batch is
      forged if the slot is already commited.  If set to 0s, the coordinator
      will continously forge at the maximum rate.
    - Add config `ForgeNoTxsDelay`: ForgeNoTxsDelay is the delay after which a
      batch is forged even if there are no txs to forge if the slot is already
      commited.  If set to 0s, the coordinator will continously forge even if
      the batches are empty.
    - Add config `GasPriceIncPerc`: GasPriceIncPerc is the percentage increase
      of gas price set in an ethereum transaction from the suggested gas price
      by the ehtereum node
    - Remove unused configuration parameters `CallGasLimit` and `GasPriceDiv`
    - Forge always regardless of configured forge delay when the current slot is
      not yet commited and we are the winner of the slot
synchronizer:
    - Don't log with error (use warning) level when there's a reorg and the
      queried events by block using the block hash returns "unknown block".

- cli / node
    - Update handler of SIGINT so that after 3 SIGINTs, the process terminates
      unconditionally
- coordinator
    - Store stats without pointer
    - In all functions that send a variable via channel, check for context done
      to avoid deadlock (due to no process reading from the channel, which has
      no queue) when the node is stopped.
    - Abstract `canForge` so that it can be used outside of the `Coordinator`
    - In `canForge` check the blockNumber in current and next slot.
    - Update tests due to smart contract changes in slot handling, and minimum
      bid defaults
    - TxManager
        - Add consts, vars and stats to allow evaluating `canForge`
        - Add `canForge` method (not used yet)
        - Store batch and nonces status (last success and last pending)
        - Track nonces internally instead of relying on the ethereum node (this
          is required to work with ganache when there are pending txs)
        - Handle the (common) case of the receipt not being found after the tx
          is sent.
        - Don't start the main loop until we get an initial messae fo the stats
          and vars (so that in the loop the stats and vars are set to
          synchronizer values)
        - When a tx fails, check and discard all the failed transactions before
          sending the message to stop the pipeline.  This will avoid sending
          consecutive messages of stop the pipeline when multiple txs are
          detected to be failed consecutively.  Also, future txs of the same
          pipeline after a discarded txs are discarded, and their nonces reused.
        - Robust handling of nonces:
            - If geth returns nonce is too low, increase it
            - If geth returns nonce too hight, decrease it
            - If geth returns underpriced, increase gas price
            - If geth returns replace underpriced, increase gas price
        - Add support for resending transactions after a timeout
        - Store `BatchInfos` in a queue
    - Pipeline
        - When an error is found, stop forging batches and send a message to the
          coordinator to stop the pipeline with information of the failed batch
          number so that in a restart, non-failed batches are not repated.
        - When doing a reset of the stateDB, if possible reset from the local
          checkpoint instead of resetting from the synchronizer.  This allows
          resetting from a batch that is valid but not yet sent / synced.
    - Every time a pipeline is started, assign it a number from a counter.  This
      allows the TxManager to ignore batches from stopped pipelines, via a
      message sent by the coordinator.
    - Avoid forging when we haven't reached the rollup genesis block number.
    - Add config parameter `StartSlotBlocksDelay`: StartSlotBlocksDelay is the
      number of blocks of delay to wait before starting the pipeline when we
      reach a slot in which we can forge.
    - When detecting a reorg, only reset the pipeline if the batch from which
      the pipeline started changed and wasn't sent by us.
    - Add config parameter `ScheduleBatchBlocksAheadCheck`:
      ScheduleBatchBlocksAheadCheck is the number of blocks ahead in which the
      forger address is checked to be allowed to forge (apart from checking the
      next block), used to decide when to stop scheduling new batches (by
      stopping the pipeline).  For example, if we are at block 10 and
      ScheduleBatchBlocksAheadCheck is 5, eventhough at block 11 we canForge,
      the pipeline will be stopped if we can't forge at block 15.  This value
      should be the expected number of blocks it takes between scheduling a
      batch and having it mined.
    - Add config parameter `SendBatchBlocksMarginCheck`:
      SendBatchBlocksMarginCheck is the number of margin blocks ahead in which
      the coordinator is also checked to be allowed to forge, apart from the
      next block; used to decide when to stop sending batches to the smart
      contract.  For example, if we are at block 10 and
      SendBatchBlocksMarginCheck is 5, eventhough at block 11 we canForge, the
      batch will be discarded if we can't forge at block 15.
    - Add config parameter `TxResendTimeout`: TxResendTimeout is the timeout
      after which a non-mined ethereum transaction will be resent (reusing the
      nonce) with a newly calculated gas price
    - Add config parameter `MaxGasPrice`: MaxGasPrice is the maximum gas price
      allowed for ethereum transactions
    - Add config parameter `NoReuseNonce`: NoReuseNonce disables reusing nonces
      of pending transactions for new replacement transactions.  This is useful
      for testing with Ganache.
    - Extend BatchInfo with more useful information for debugging

- eth / ethereum client
    - Add necessary methods to create the auth object for transactions manually
      so that we can set the nonce, gas price, gas limit, etc manually
    - Update `RollupForgeBatch` to take an auth object as input (so that the
      coordinator can set parameters manually)
- synchronizer
    - In stats, add `NextSlot`
    - In stats, store full last batch instead of just last batch number
    - Instead of calculating a nextSlot from scratch every time, update the
      current struct (only updating the forger info if we are Synced)
    - Afer every processed batch, check that the calculated StateDB MTRoot
      matches the StateRoot found in the forgeBatch event.

- eth
    - In EventsByBlock calls ignore blockNum if blockHash != nil.  This fixes
      the issue where a blockNumber and blockHash was being passed, which the
      eth events query function doesn't allow, causing the synchronizer to fail
      at every iteration.
- Node/Config
    - Add Coordinator.Debug.RollupVerifierIndex to force choosing a particular
      verifier by index in the Rollup smart contract.

When scheduling an L1Batch, make sure the previous L1Batch has been
synchronized.  Otherwise, an L1Batch will be forged that may not contain all
the L1UserTxs that are supposed to be included.

- Node
	- Load Coordinator Fee Account from config
		- Sign the AccountCreationMsg to generate the
		  AccountCreationAuth
		- Resolve #465
	- Wait for synchronizer termination before stopping coordinator to avoid
	  getting stuck when closing in the following case:
		- The coordinator stops reading the synchronizer msg channel,
		  and the node gets stuck sending a message to that channel.
- Common
	- Move account creation auth signature code to common.
	- Update RollupConstInputSHAConstantBytes
- Coordinator
	- Set batch status in the debug file
	- Propagate SCVariables on reorg
	- Pipeline: Get SCVariables updates
		- Resolve #457
	- Fix off by 1 error in Pipeline.shouldL1L2Batch() (which shouldn't have
	  caused any problem, but it was not right)
- KVDB
	- Delete future checkpoints after reset
	- In `ResetFromSynchronizer`, remove all checkpoints first, and follow
	  the same logic as `reset()`.
- Cli
	- Add command to generate a BabyJubJub key pair (to be used for the
	  Coordinator Fee Account)
- Node
	- Adjust example config `Coordinator.L1BatchTimeoutPerc` to avoid
	  missing the L1Batch deadline with the following setup:
		- a block is mined every 2 seconds
		- single proof server that takes 2 seconds to calculate a proof
- TxProcessor
	- Close temporary pebble used for the exit tree after usage.
		- Resolve #463

- In config, add Debug.MeddlerLogs to enable meddler debug logs.  This only
  affects the node started via cli, tests swill ran with `meddler.Debug = true`
- Remove unused ethereum client functions and config parameters
- Document all the config parameters

- Remove MaxL1CoordTxs parameter from the TxSelector because this parameter
  doesn't exist
- Use ChainID in l1tx byte encoding
- Pass txprocessor configuration to batch builder via an existing parameter

Load an ethereum keystore when the node is started in coordinator mode.  The
private key corresponding to the forger address must be imported into the
keystore before running the node in coordinator mode.  You can see an examples
in `cli/node/load-sk-example.sh`.

Introduce a constructor parameter for the StateDB called `keep`, which tells
how many checkpoints to keep.  When doing a new checkpoint, if the number of
existing checkpoints exeeds `keep`, the oldest ones will be deleted.

PriceUpdater:
    - Pass context so that it can be canceled during an update loop
    - Define APITypes to make it explicit which API we are using

Previously the Synchronizer required the initial variables of the smart
contracts to be passed as a configuration parameter (that the node took from
the configuration file).  The same applied to the blockNumber.

The last update of the smart contracts introduced events for each smart
contract constructor (initializer), which allows querying the initial variables
as well as the initial block number for each smart contract.

Now the synchronizer uses this information, and thus the initial variables and
the starting block numbers have been removed from the configuration.

- API:
	- Replace `emergencyModeStaringTime` by `emercengyModeStartingBlock`
- Synchronizer:
	- Track emergency mode starting block
- cli/node
	- Add working coordinator config
- coordinator:
	- Retry handler for synchronizer stats in case of error (instead of
	  waiting for the next block to try again)
	- On init, trigger an initial call to the handler for synced block
	  before waiting for the synchronizer, to force the coordinator to start
	  its logic even if there's no new block right after the node has been
	  started (very useful for running in testnet where the frequency of
	  blocks is variable)
	- Merge Msg for synced block and updated vars into one: `MsgSyncBlock`.

- Common
	- Add `IdxNonce` type used to track nonces in accounts to invalidate
	  l2txs in the pool
- Config
	- Update coordinator config will all the new configuration parameters
	  used in the coordinator
- Coordinator
	- Introduce the `Purger` to track how often to purge and do the job when
	  needed according to a configuration.
	- Implement the methods to invalidate l2txs transactions due to l2txs
	  selection in batches.  For now these functions are not used in favour
	  of the `Purger` methods, which check ALL the l2txs in the pool.
	- Call Invalidation and Purging methods of the purger both when the
	  node is forging (in the pipeline when starting a new batch) and when
	  the node is not forging (in coordinator when being notified about a
	  new synced block)
- L2DB:
	- Implement `GetPendingUniqueFromIdxs` to get all the unique idxs from
	  pending transactions (used to get their nonces and then invalidate
	  txs)
	- Redo `CheckNonces` with a single SQL query and using `common.IdxNonce`
	  instead of `common.Account`
- StateDB:
	- Expose GetIdx to check errors when invalidating pool txs
- Synchronizer:
	- Test forged L1UserTxs processed by TxProcessor
	- Improve checks of Effective values
- TxSelector:
	- Expose the internal LocalStateDB in order to check account nonces in
	  the coordinator when not forging.

- Common:
	- Rename Block.EthBlockNum to Block.Num to avoid unneeded repetition
- API:
	- Add UpdateNetworkInfoBlock to update just block information, to be
	  used when the node is not yet synchronized
- Node:
	- Call API.UpdateMetrics and UpdateRecommendedFee in a loop, with
	  configurable time intervals
- Synchronizer:
	- When mapping events by TxHash, use an array to support the possibility
	  of multiple calls of the same function happening in the same
	  transaction (for example, a smart contract in a single transaction
	  could call withdraw with delay twice, which would generate 2 withdraw
	  events, and 2 deposit events).
	- In Stats, keep entire LastBlock instead of just the blockNum
	- In Stats, add lastL1BatchBlock
	- Test Stats and SCVars
- Coordinator:
	- Enable writing the BatchInfo in every step of the pipeline to disk
	  (with JSON text files) for debugging purposes.
	- Move the Pipeline functionality from the Coordinator to its own struct
	  (Pipeline)
	- Implement shouldL1lL2Batch
	- In TxManager, implement logic to perform several attempts when doing
	  ethereum node RPC calls before considering the error. (Both for calls
	  to forgeBatch and transaction receipt)
	- In TxManager, reorganize the flow and note the specific points in
	  which actions are made when err != nil
- HistoryDB:
	- Implement GetLastL1BatchBlockNum: returns the blockNum of the latest
	  forged l1Batch, to help the coordinator decide when to forge an
	  L1Batch.
- EthereumClient and test.Client:
	- Update EthBlockByNumber to return the last block when the passed
	  number is -1.

- API:
	- Modify the constructor so that hardcoded rollup constants don't need
	  to be passed (introduce a `Config` and use `configAPI` internally)
- Common:
	- Update rollup constants with proper *big.Int when required
	- Add BidCoordinator and Slot structs used by the HistoryDB and
	  Synchronizer.
	- Add helper methods to AuctionConstants
	- AuctionVariables: Add column `DefaultSlotSetBidSlotNum` (in the SQL
	  table: `default_slot_set_bid_slot_num`), which indicates at which
	  slotNum does the `DefaultSlotSetBid` specified starts applying.
- Config:
	- Move coordinator exclusive configuration from the node config to the
	  coordinator config
- Coordinator:
	- Reorganize the code towards having the goroutines started and stopped
	  from the coordinator itself instead of the node.
	- Remove all stop and stopped channels, and use context.Context and
	  sync.WaitGroup instead.
	- Remove BatchInfo setters and assing variables directly
	- In ServerProof and ServerProofPool use context instead stop channel.
	- Use message passing to notify the coordinator about sync updates and
	  reorgs
	- Introduce the Pipeline, which can be started and stopped by the
	  Coordinator
	- Introduce the TxManager, which manages ethereum transactions (the
	  TxManager is also in charge of making the forge call to the rollup
	  smart contract).  The TxManager keeps ethereum transactions and:
	  	1. Waits for the transaction to be accepted
		2. Waits for the transaction to be confirmed for N blocks
	- In forge logic, first prepare a batch and then wait for an available
	  server proof to have all work ready once the proof server is ready.
	- Remove the `isForgeSequence` method which was querying the smart
	  contract, and instead use notifications sent by the Synchronizer to
	  figure out if it's forging time.
	- Update test (which is a minimal test to manually see if the
	  coordinator starts)
- HistoryDB:
	- Add method to get the number of batches in a slot (used to detect when
	  a slot has passed the bid winner forging deadline)
	- Add method to get the best bid and associated coordinator of a slot
	  (used to detect the forgerAddress that can forge the slot)
- General:
	- Rename some instances of `currentBlock` to `lastBlock` to be more
	  clear.
- Node:
	- Connect the API to the node and call the methods to update cached
	  state when the sync advances blocks.
	- Call methods to update Coordinator state when the sync advances blocks
	  and finds reorgs.
- Synchronizer:
	- Add Auction field in the Stats, which contain the current slot with
	  info about highest bidder and other related info required to know who
	  can forge in the current block.
	- Better organization of cached state:
		- On Sync, update the internal cached state
		- On Init or Reorg, load the state from HistoryDB into the
		  internal cached state.

- Allow starting the DebugAPI from the node via config
- In StateDB:
    - Make checkpoints when ProcessTxs() succeeds
    - Remove extra hardcoded `statedb` path that was redundant
    - Replace hardcoded `[:4]` by `[:]` when parsing idx, which failed because
      idx is 6 bytes length now.
- Extra: In node, use waitgroup instead of `stoppedXXX` channels to wait for
syncrhonizer goroutines to finish.

- node:
    - Extend config to add initial variables of the smart contracts used as
      defaults before they are changed via events.
    - In stopped channels, set size 1 so that panics are not witheld until the
      node stops completely.
- common:
    - In Smart Contract variables, comment:
      - `WDelayerVariables.HermezRollupAddress` because it's not needed.
      - `RollupVariables.Buckets` because there are no events for it, and for
        now it's not used.
- historydb:
    - Add functions to get and set smart contract variables.
- db:
    - Add `Rollback` function in `utils.go` to reduce boilerplate in sql
      transaction rollbacks in defers in db functions.
    - Update `rollup_vars` and `auction_vars` (renamed from `consensus_vars`)
      table, and add `wdelayer_vars` table.
- synchronizer:
    - Synchronize WDelayer
    - Handle SC variables properly
- test/ethclient:
    - Add essential implementation of WDelayer

- Move smart contract constants and structs for variables to
  common/{ethrollup.go, ethauction.go, ethwdelayer.go}:
    - This removes repeated code of the structs for variables
    - Allows reusing the constants and variables from all modules without
      import cycles
- Remove unused common/scvars.go
- In common.BlockData, split data from each smart contract into a sepparate
  field (Rollup, Auction, WDelayer).  This affects the structures that til uses
  as output, and HistoryDB in the AddBlockSCData.
- In Synchronizer:
    - Pass starting block of each smart contract as config, instead of
      incorrectly using the genesis block found in the acution constant (which
      has a very different meaning)
    - Use variable structs from common instead of an internal copy
    - Synchronize more stuff (resolve some TODOs)
    - Fix some issues found after initial testing with ganache
- In eth:
    - In auction.go: Add method to get constants
    - Update README to use ganache instead of buidlerevm as local blockchain
      for testing
    - Update env variables and test vectors to pass the tests with the
      deployment in the ganache testnet.
    - Use ethereum keys derived from paths (hdwallet) in testing to avoid
      hardcoding private keys and generate the same keys from a mnemonic used
      in the ganache tesnet.

- Node
	- Updated configuration to initialize the interface to all the smart
	  contracts
- Common
	- Moved BlockData and BatchData types to common so that they can be
	  shared among: historydb, til and synchronizer
	- Remove hash.go (it was never used)
	- Remove slot.go (it was never used)
	- Remove smartcontractparams.go (it was never used, and appropriate
	  structs are defined in `eth/`)
	- Comment state / status method until requirements of this method are
	  properly defined, and move it to Synchronizer
- Synchronizer
	- Simplify `Sync` routine to only sync one block per call, and return
	  useful information.
	- Use BlockData and BatchData from common
	- Check that events belong to the expected block hash
	- In L1Batch, query L1UserTxs from HistoryDB
	- Fill ERC20 token information
	- Test AddTokens with test.Client
- HistryDB
	- Use BlockData and BatchData from common
	- Add `GetAllTokens` method
	- Uncomment and update GetL1UserTxs (with corresponding tests)
- Til
	- Rename all instances of RegisterToken to AddToken (to follow the smart
	  contract implementation naming)
	- Use BlockData and BatchData from common
		- Move testL1CoordinatorTxs and testL2Txs to a separate struct
		  from BatchData in Context
	- Start Context with BatchNum = 1 (which the protocol defines to be the
	  first batchNum)
	- In every Batch, set StateRoot and ExitRoot to a non-nil big.Int
	  (zero).
	- In all L1Txs, if LoadAmount is not used, set it to 0; if Amount is not
	  used, set it to 0; so that no *big.Int is nil.
	- In L1UserTx, don't set BatchNum, because when L1UserTxs are created
	  and obtained by the synchronizer, the BatchNum is not known yet (it's
	  a synchronizer job to set it)
	- In L1UserTxs, set `UserOrigin` and set `ToForgeL1TxsNum`.

* WIP rebase

* Combine both SQL DBs

* API and DB refactor

The coordinator implementation has been refactored to allow all the goroutines
to be handled from the node.