from hashlib import sha256 # Ring Signatures # bLSAG: Back’s Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signatures # A Rust implementation of this scheme can be found at: # https://github.com/arnaucube/ring-signatures-rs def hashToPoint(a): # TODO use a proper hash-to-point h = sha256((str(a)).encode('utf-8')) r = int(h.hexdigest(), 16) * g return r def hash(R, m, A, B, q): h = sha256(( str(R) + str(m) + str(A) + str(B) ).encode('utf-8')) r = int(h.hexdigest(), 16) return int(mod(r, q)) def print_ring(a): print("ring of c's:") for i in range(len(a)): print(i, a[i]) print("") class Prover(object): def __init__(self, F, g): self.F = F # Z_p self.g = g # elliptic curve generator self.q = self.g.order() # order of group def new_key(self): self.w = int(self.F.random_element()) self.K = self.g * self.w return self.K def sign(self, m, R): # determine pi (the position of signer's public key in R pi = -1 for i in range(len(R)): if self.K == R[i]: pi = i break assert pi>=0 a = int(self.F.random_element()) r = [None] * len(R) # for i \in {1, 2, ..., n} \ {i=pi} for i in range(0, len(R)): if i==pi: continue r[i] = int(mod(int(self.F.random_element()), self.q)) c = [None] * len(R) # c_{pi+1} pi1 = mod(pi + 1, len(R)) c[pi1] = hash(R, m, a * self.g, hashToPoint(R[pi]) * a, self.q) key_image = self.w * hashToPoint(self.K) # do c_{i+1} from i=pi+1 to pi-1: for j in range(0, len(R)-1): i = mod(pi1+j, len(R)) i1 = mod(pi1+j +1, len(R)) c[i1] = hash(R, m, r[i] * self.g + c[i] * R[i], r[i] * hashToPoint(R[i]) + c[i] * key_image, self.q) # compute r_pi r[pi] = int(mod(a - c[pi] * self.w, self.q)) print_ring(c) return [c[0], r] def verify(g, R, m, key_image, sig): q = g.order() c1 = sig[0] r = sig[1] assert len(R) == len(r) # check that key_image \in G (EC), by l * key_image == 0 assert q * key_image == 0 # in sage 0 EC point is interpreted as (0:1:0) # for i \in 1,2,...,n c = [None] * len(R) c[0] = c1 for j in range(0, len(R)): i = mod(j, len(R)) i1 = mod(j+1, len(R)) c[i1] = hash(R, m, r[i] * g + c[i] * R[i], r[i] * hashToPoint(R[i]) + c[i] * key_image, q) print_ring(c) assert c1 == c[0]