Browse Source

feat: implement RPO STARK-based signature DSA (with zero knowledge) (#349)

rpo-dsa
Al-Kindi-0 4 months ago
committed by GitHub
parent
commit
335c50f54d
No known key found for this signature in database GPG Key ID: B5690EEEBB952194
14 changed files with 856 additions and 64 deletions
  1. +1
    -0
      CHANGELOG.md
  2. +148
    -51
      Cargo.lock
  3. +10
    -7
      Cargo.toml
  4. +2
    -0
      src/dsa/mod.rs
  5. +24
    -0
      src/dsa/rpo_stark/mod.rs
  6. +173
    -0
      src/dsa/rpo_stark/signature/mod.rs
  7. +198
    -0
      src/dsa/rpo_stark/stark/air.rs
  8. +69
    -0
      src/dsa/rpo_stark/stark/mod.rs
  9. +148
    -0
      src/dsa/rpo_stark/stark/prover.rs
  10. +1
    -0
      src/hash/mod.rs
  11. +6
    -6
      src/hash/rescue/mod.rs
  12. +16
    -0
      src/hash/rescue/rpo/digest.rs
  13. +30
    -0
      src/rand/rpo.rs
  14. +30
    -0
      src/rand/rpx.rs

+ 1
- 0
CHANGELOG.md

@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
- Fixed a bug in the implementation of `draw_integers` for `RpoRandomCoin` (#343).
- [BREAKING] Refactor error messages and use `thiserror` to derive errors (#344).
- [BREAKING] Updated Winterfell dependency to v0.11 (#346).
- Added RPO-STARK based DSA (#349).
## 0.12.0 (2024-10-30)

+ 148
- 51
Cargo.lock

@ -113,9 +113,9 @@ checksum = "b048fb63fd8b5923fc5aa7b340d8e156aec7ec02f0c78fa8a6ddc2613f6f71de"
[[package]]
name = "blake3"
version = "1.5.4"
version = "1.5.5"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "d82033247fd8e890df8f740e407ad4d038debb9eb1f40533fffb32e7d17dc6f7"
checksum = "b8ee0c1824c4dea5b5f81736aff91bae041d2c07ee1192bec91054e10e3e601e"
dependencies = [
"arrayref",
"arrayvec",
@ -153,9 +153,9 @@ checksum = "37b2a672a2cb129a2e41c10b1224bb368f9f37a2b16b612598138befd7b37eb5"
[[package]]
name = "cc"
version = "1.2.1"
version = "1.2.3"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "fd9de9f2205d5ef3fd67e685b0df337994ddd4495e2a28d185500d0e1edfea47"
checksum = "27f657647bcff5394bf56c7317665bbf790a137a50eaaa5c6bfbb9e27a518f2d"
dependencies = [
"jobserver",
"libc",
@ -197,9 +197,9 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "clap"
version = "4.5.21"
version = "4.5.23"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "fb3b4b9e5a7c7514dfa52869339ee98b3156b0bfb4e8a77c4ff4babb64b1604f"
checksum = "3135e7ec2ef7b10c6ed8950f0f792ed96ee093fa088608f1c76e569722700c84"
dependencies = [
"clap_builder",
"clap_derive",
@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "clap_builder"
version = "4.5.21"
version = "4.5.23"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "b17a95aa67cc7b5ebd32aa5370189aa0d79069ef1c64ce893bd30fb24bff20ec"
checksum = "30582fc632330df2bd26877bde0c1f4470d57c582bbc070376afcd04d8cb4838"
dependencies = [
"anstream",
"anstyle",
@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "clap_lex"
version = "0.7.3"
version = "0.7.4"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "afb84c814227b90d6895e01398aee0d8033c00e7466aca416fb6a8e0eb19d8a7"
checksum = "f46ad14479a25103f283c0f10005961cf086d8dc42205bb44c46ac563475dca6"
[[package]]
name = "colorchoice"
@ -351,19 +351,19 @@ checksum = "60b1af1c220855b6ceac025d3f6ecdd2b7c4894bfe9cd9bda4fbb4bc7c0d4cf0"
[[package]]
name = "errno"
version = "0.3.9"
version = "0.3.10"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "534c5cf6194dfab3db3242765c03bbe257cf92f22b38f6bc0c58d59108a820ba"
checksum = "33d852cb9b869c2a9b3df2f71a3074817f01e1844f839a144f5fcef059a4eb5d"
dependencies = [
"libc",
"windows-sys 0.52.0",
"windows-sys 0.59.0",
]
[[package]]
name = "fastrand"
version = "2.2.0"
version = "2.3.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "486f806e73c5707928240ddc295403b1b93c96a02038563881c4a2fd84b81ac4"
checksum = "37909eebbb50d72f9059c3b6d82c0463f2ff062c9e95845c43a6c9c0355411be"
[[package]]
name = "fnv"
@ -456,9 +456,9 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "itoa"
version = "1.0.13"
version = "1.0.14"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "540654e97a3f4470a492cd30ff187bc95d89557a903a2bbf112e2fae98104ef2"
checksum = "d75a2a4b1b190afb6f5425f10f6a8f959d2ea0b9c2b1d79553551850539e4674"
[[package]]
name = "jobserver"
@ -471,10 +471,11 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "js-sys"
version = "0.3.72"
version = "0.3.76"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "6a88f1bda2bd75b0452a14784937d796722fdebfe50df998aeb3f0b7603019a9"
checksum = "6717b6b5b077764fb5966237269cb3c64edddde4b14ce42647430a78ced9e7b7"
dependencies = [
"once_cell",
"wasm-bindgen",
]
@ -495,9 +496,9 @@ checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
[[package]]
name = "libc"
version = "0.2.164"
version = "0.2.168"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "433bfe06b8c75da9b2e3fbea6e5329ff87748f0b144ef75306e674c3f6f7c13f"
checksum = "5aaeb2981e0606ca11d79718f8bb01164f1d6ed75080182d3abf017e6d244b6d"
[[package]]
name = "libm"
@ -546,10 +547,13 @@ dependencies = [
"serde",
"sha3",
"thiserror",
"winter-air",
"winter-crypto",
"winter-math",
"winter-prover",
"winter-rand-utils",
"winter-utils",
"winter-verifier",
]
[[package]]
@ -638,6 +642,12 @@ version = "11.1.4"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "b410bbe7e14ab526a0e86877eb47c6996a2bd7746f027ba551028c925390e4e9"
[[package]]
name = "pin-project-lite"
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source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "915a1e146535de9163f3987b8944ed8cf49a18bb0056bcebcdcece385cece4ff"
[[package]]
name = "plotters"
version = "0.3.7"
@ -809,15 +819,15 @@ checksum = "2b15c43186be67a4fd63bee50d0303afffcef381492ebe2c5d87f324e1b8815c"
[[package]]
name = "rustix"
version = "0.38.41"
version = "0.38.42"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "d7f649912bc1495e167a6edee79151c84b1bad49748cb4f1f1167f459f6224f6"
checksum = "f93dc38ecbab2eb790ff964bb77fa94faf256fd3e73285fd7ba0903b76bedb85"
dependencies = [
"bitflags",
"errno",
"libc",
"linux-raw-sys",
"windows-sys 0.52.0",
"windows-sys 0.59.0",
]
[[package]]
@ -909,9 +919,9 @@ checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
[[package]]
name = "syn"
version = "2.0.89"
version = "2.0.90"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "44d46482f1c1c87acd84dea20c1bf5ebff4c757009ed6bf19cfd36fb10e92c4e"
checksum = "919d3b74a5dd0ccd15aeb8f93e7006bd9e14c295087c9896a110f490752bcf31"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
@ -933,18 +943,18 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "thiserror"
version = "2.0.3"
version = "2.0.6"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "c006c85c7651b3cf2ada4584faa36773bd07bac24acfb39f3c431b36d7e667aa"
checksum = "8fec2a1820ebd077e2b90c4df007bebf344cd394098a13c563957d0afc83ea47"
dependencies = [
"thiserror-impl",
]
[[package]]
name = "thiserror-impl"
version = "2.0.3"
version = "2.0.6"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "f077553d607adc1caf65430528a576c757a71ed73944b66ebb58ef2bbd243568"
checksum = "d65750cab40f4ff1929fb1ba509e9914eb756131cef4210da8d5d700d26f6312"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
@ -961,6 +971,34 @@ dependencies = [
"serde_json",
]
[[package]]
name = "tracing"
version = "0.1.41"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "784e0ac535deb450455cbfa28a6f0df145ea1bb7ae51b821cf5e7927fdcfbdd0"
dependencies = [
"pin-project-lite",
"tracing-attributes",
"tracing-core",
]
[[package]]
name = "tracing-attributes"
version = "0.1.28"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "395ae124c09f9e6918a2310af6038fba074bcf474ac352496d5910dd59a2226d"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn",
]
[[package]]
name = "tracing-core"
version = "0.1.33"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "e672c95779cf947c5311f83787af4fa8fffd12fb27e4993211a84bdfd9610f9c"
[[package]]
name = "typenum"
version = "1.17.0"
@ -1018,9 +1056,9 @@ checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
[[package]]
name = "wasm-bindgen"
version = "0.2.95"
version = "0.2.99"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "128d1e363af62632b8eb57219c8fd7877144af57558fb2ef0368d0087bddeb2e"
checksum = "a474f6281d1d70c17ae7aa6a613c87fce69a127e2624002df63dcb39d6cf6396"
dependencies = [
"cfg-if",
"once_cell",
@ -1029,13 +1067,12 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "wasm-bindgen-backend"
version = "0.2.95"
version = "0.2.99"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "cb6dd4d3ca0ddffd1dd1c9c04f94b868c37ff5fac97c30b97cff2d74fce3a358"
checksum = "5f89bb38646b4f81674e8f5c3fb81b562be1fd936d84320f3264486418519c79"
dependencies = [
"bumpalo",
"log",
"once_cell",
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn",
@ -1044,9 +1081,9 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
version = "0.2.95"
version = "0.2.99"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "e79384be7f8f5a9dd5d7167216f022090cf1f9ec128e6e6a482a2cb5c5422c56"
checksum = "2cc6181fd9a7492eef6fef1f33961e3695e4579b9872a6f7c83aee556666d4fe"
dependencies = [
"quote",
"wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@ -1054,9 +1091,9 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
version = "0.2.95"
version = "0.2.99"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "26c6ab57572f7a24a4985830b120de1594465e5d500f24afe89e16b4e833ef68"
checksum = "30d7a95b763d3c45903ed6c81f156801839e5ee968bb07e534c44df0fcd330c2"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
@ -1067,15 +1104,15 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
version = "0.2.95"
version = "0.2.99"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "65fc09f10666a9f147042251e0dda9c18f166ff7de300607007e96bdebc1068d"
checksum = "943aab3fdaaa029a6e0271b35ea10b72b943135afe9bffca82384098ad0e06a6"
[[package]]
name = "web-sys"
version = "0.3.72"
version = "0.3.76"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "f6488b90108c040df0fe62fa815cbdee25124641df01814dd7282749234c6112"
checksum = "04dd7223427d52553d3702c004d3b2fe07c148165faa56313cb00211e31c12bc"
dependencies = [
"js-sys",
"wasm-bindgen",
@ -1172,33 +1209,82 @@ version = "0.52.6"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
[[package]]
name = "winter-air"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"libm",
"winter-crypto",
"winter-fri",
"winter-math",
"winter-utils",
]
[[package]]
name = "winter-crypto"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "67c57748fd2da77742be601f03eda639ff6046879738fd1faae86e80018263cb"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"blake3",
"rand",
"rand_chacha",
"sha3",
"winter-math",
"winter-utils",
]
[[package]]
name = "winter-fri"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"rand",
"rand_chacha",
"winter-crypto",
"winter-math",
"winter-utils",
]
[[package]]
name = "winter-math"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "6020c17839fa107ce4a7cc178e407ebbc24adfac1980f4fa2111198e052700ab"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"serde",
"winter-utils",
]
[[package]]
name = "winter-maybe-async"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"quote",
"syn",
]
[[package]]
name = "winter-prover"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"rand",
"rand_chacha",
"tracing",
"winter-air",
"winter-crypto",
"winter-fri",
"winter-math",
"winter-maybe-async",
"winter-rand-utils",
"winter-utils",
]
[[package]]
name = "winter-rand-utils"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "226e4c455f6eb72f64ac6eeb7642df25e21ff2280a4f6b09db75392ad6b390ef"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"rand",
"winter-utils",
@ -1207,8 +1293,19 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "winter-utils"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "1507ef312ea5569d54c2c7446a18b82143eb2a2e21f5c3ec7cfbe8200c03bd7c"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
[[package]]
name = "winter-verifier"
version = "0.11.0"
source = "git+https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell?branch=al-zk#5bafedbc2ba00cf85c6182725754547f6cddafc3"
dependencies = [
"winter-air",
"winter-crypto",
"winter-fri",
"winter-math",
"winter-utils",
]
[[package]]
name = "zerocopy"

+ 10
- 7
Cargo.toml

@ -66,24 +66,27 @@ clap = { version = "4.5", optional = true, features = ["derive"] }
num = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "libm"] }
num-complex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false }
rand = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
rand_chacha = { version = "0.3", default-features = false }
rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false }
rand-utils = { version = "0.11", package = "winter-rand-utils", optional = true }
rayon = { version = "1.10", optional = true }
serde = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, optional = true, features = ["derive"] }
sha3 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
thiserror = { version = "2.0", default-features = false }
winter-crypto = { version = "0.11", default-features = false }
winter-math = { version = "0.11", default-features = false }
winter-utils = { version = "0.11", default-features = false }
winter-air = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', branch = 'al-zk' }
winter-crypto = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', branch = 'al-zk' }
winter-prover = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', branch = 'al-zk' }
winter-verifier = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', branch = 'al-zk' }
winter-math = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', branch = 'al-zk' }
winter-utils = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', branch = 'al-zk' }
rand-utils = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', package = "winter-rand-utils" , branch = 'al-zk', optional = true }
getrandom = { version = "0.2", features = ["js"] }
[dev-dependencies]
assert_matches = { version = "1.5", default-features = false }
criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["html_reports"] }
getrandom = { version = "0.2", features = ["js"] }
hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
proptest = "1.5"
rand_chacha = { version = "0.3", default-features = false }
rand-utils = { version = "0.11", package = "winter-rand-utils" }
rand-utils = {git = 'https://github.com/Al-Kindi-0/winterfell', package = "winter-rand-utils" , branch = 'al-zk' }
seq-macro = { version = "0.3" }
[build-dependencies]

+ 2
- 0
src/dsa/mod.rs

@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
//! Digital signature schemes supported by default in the Miden VM.
pub mod rpo_falcon512;
pub mod rpo_stark;

+ 24
- 0
src/dsa/rpo_stark/mod.rs

@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
mod signature;
pub use signature::{PublicKey, SecretKey, Signature};
mod stark;
pub use stark::{PublicInputs, RescueAir};
// TESTS
// ================================================================================================
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::SecretKey;
use crate::Word;
#[test]
fn test_signature() {
let sk = SecretKey::new(Word::default());
let message = Word::default();
let signature = sk.sign(message);
let pk = sk.public_key();
assert!(pk.verify(message, &signature))
}
}

+ 173
- 0
src/dsa/rpo_stark/signature/mod.rs

@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
use rand::{distributions::Uniform, prelude::Distribution, Rng};
use winter_air::{FieldExtension, ProofOptions};
use winter_math::{fields::f64::BaseElement, FieldElement};
use winter_prover::Proof;
use winter_utils::{ByteReader, ByteWriter, Deserializable, DeserializationError, Serializable};
use crate::{
dsa::rpo_stark::stark::RpoSignatureScheme,
hash::{rpo::Rpo256, DIGEST_SIZE},
StarkField, Word, ZERO,
};
// CONSTANTS
// ================================================================================================
/// Specifies the parameters of the STARK underlying the signature scheme. These parameters provide
/// at least 102 bits of security under the conjectured security of the toy protocol in
/// the ethSTARK paper [1].
///
/// [1]: https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/582
pub const PROOF_OPTIONS: ProofOptions =
ProofOptions::new(30, 8, 12, FieldExtension::Quadratic, 4, 7, true);
// PUBLIC KEY
// ================================================================================================
/// A public key for verifying signatures.
///
/// The public key is a [Word] (i.e., 4 field elements) that is the hash of the secret key.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct PublicKey(Word);
impl PublicKey {
/// Returns the [Word] defining the public key.
pub fn inner(&self) -> Word {
self.0
}
}
impl PublicKey {
/// Verifies the provided signature against provided message and this public key.
pub fn verify(&self, message: Word, signature: &Signature) -> bool {
signature.verify(message, *self)
}
}
impl Serializable for PublicKey {
fn write_into<W: ByteWriter>(&self, target: &mut W) {
self.0.write_into(target);
}
}
impl Deserializable for PublicKey {
fn read_from<R: ByteReader>(source: &mut R) -> Result<Self, DeserializationError> {
let pk = <Word>::read_from(source)?;
Ok(Self(pk))
}
}
// SECRET KEY
// ================================================================================================
/// A secret key for generating signatures.
///
/// The secret key is a [Word] (i.e., 4 field elements).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SecretKey(Word);
impl SecretKey {
/// Generates a secret key from OS-provided randomness.
pub fn new(word: Word) -> Self {
Self(word)
}
/// Generates a secret key from a [Word].
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub fn random() -> Self {
use rand::{rngs::StdRng, SeedableRng};
let mut rng = StdRng::from_entropy();
Self::with_rng(&mut rng)
}
/// Generates a secret_key using the provided random number generator `Rng`.
pub fn with_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
let mut sk = [ZERO; 4];
let uni_dist = Uniform::from(0..BaseElement::MODULUS);
for s in sk.iter_mut() {
let sampled_integer = uni_dist.sample(rng);
*s = BaseElement::new(sampled_integer);
}
Self(sk)
}
/// Computes the public key corresponding to this secret key.
pub fn public_key(&self) -> PublicKey {
let mut elements = [BaseElement::ZERO; 8];
elements[..DIGEST_SIZE].copy_from_slice(&self.0);
let pk = Rpo256::hash_elements(&elements);
PublicKey(pk.into())
}
/// Signs a message with this secret key.
pub fn sign(&self, message: Word) -> Signature {
let signature: RpoSignatureScheme<Rpo256> = RpoSignatureScheme::new(PROOF_OPTIONS);
let proof = signature.sign(self.0, message);
Signature { proof }
}
}
impl Serializable for SecretKey {
fn write_into<W: ByteWriter>(&self, target: &mut W) {
self.0.write_into(target);
}
}
impl Deserializable for SecretKey {
fn read_from<R: ByteReader>(source: &mut R) -> Result<Self, DeserializationError> {
let sk = <Word>::read_from(source)?;
Ok(Self(sk))
}
}
// SIGNATURE
// ================================================================================================
/// An RPO STARK-based signature over a message.
///
/// The signature is a STARK proof of knowledge of a pre-image given an image where the map is
/// the RPO permutation, the pre-image is the secret key and the image is the public key.
/// The current implementation follows the description in [1] but relies on the conjectured security
/// of the toy protocol in the ethSTARK paper [2], which gives us using the parameter set
/// given in `PROOF_OPTIONS` a signature with $102$ bits of average-case existential unforgeability
/// security against $2^{113}$-query bound adversaries that can obtain up to $2^{64}$ signatures
/// under the same public key.
///
/// [1]: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1553
/// [2]: https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/582
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Signature {
proof: Proof,
}
impl Signature {
/// Returns the STARK proof constituting the signature.
pub fn inner(&self) -> Proof {
self.proof.clone()
}
/// Returns true if this signature is a valid signature for the specified message generated
/// against the secret key matching the specified public key.
pub fn verify(&self, message: Word, pk: PublicKey) -> bool {
let signature: RpoSignatureScheme<Rpo256> = RpoSignatureScheme::new(PROOF_OPTIONS);
let res = signature.verify(pk.inner(), message, self.proof.clone());
res.is_ok()
}
}
impl Serializable for Signature {
fn write_into<W: ByteWriter>(&self, target: &mut W) {
self.proof.write_into(target);
}
}
impl Deserializable for Signature {
fn read_from<R: ByteReader>(source: &mut R) -> Result<Self, DeserializationError> {
let proof = Proof::read_from(source)?;
Ok(Self { proof })
}
}

+ 198
- 0
src/dsa/rpo_stark/stark/air.rs

@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
use alloc::vec::Vec;
use winter_math::{fields::f64::BaseElement, FieldElement, ToElements};
use winter_prover::{
Air, AirContext, Assertion, EvaluationFrame, ProofOptions, TraceInfo,
TransitionConstraintDegree,
};
use crate::{
hash::{ARK1, ARK2, MDS, STATE_WIDTH},
Word, ZERO,
};
// CONSTANTS
// ================================================================================================
pub const HASH_CYCLE_LEN: usize = 8;
// AIR
// ================================================================================================
pub struct RescueAir {
context: AirContext<BaseElement>,
pub_key: Word,
}
impl Air for RescueAir {
type BaseField = BaseElement;
type PublicInputs = PublicInputs;
type GkrProof = ();
type GkrVerifier = ();
// CONSTRUCTOR
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fn new(trace_info: TraceInfo, pub_inputs: PublicInputs, options: ProofOptions) -> Self {
let degrees = vec![
// Apply RPO rounds.
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
TransitionConstraintDegree::new(7),
];
assert_eq!(STATE_WIDTH, trace_info.width());
let context = AirContext::new(trace_info, degrees, 12, options);
let context = context.set_num_transition_exemptions(1);
RescueAir { context, pub_key: pub_inputs.pub_key }
}
fn context(&self) -> &AirContext<Self::BaseField> {
&self.context
}
fn evaluate_transition<E: FieldElement + From<Self::BaseField>>(
&self,
frame: &EvaluationFrame<E>,
periodic_values: &[E],
result: &mut [E],
) {
let current = frame.current();
let next = frame.next();
// expected state width is 12 field elements
debug_assert_eq!(STATE_WIDTH, current.len());
debug_assert_eq!(STATE_WIDTH, next.len());
enforce_rpo_round(frame, result, periodic_values);
}
fn get_assertions(&self) -> Vec<Assertion<Self::BaseField>> {
let initial_step = 0;
let last_step = self.trace_length() - 1;
vec![
// Assert that the capacity as well as the second half of the rate portion of the state
// are initialized to `ZERO`.The first half of the rate is unconstrained as it will
// contain the secret key
Assertion::single(0, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
Assertion::single(1, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
Assertion::single(2, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
Assertion::single(3, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
Assertion::single(8, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
Assertion::single(9, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
Assertion::single(10, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
Assertion::single(11, initial_step, Self::BaseField::ZERO),
// Assert that the public key is the correct one
Assertion::single(4, last_step, self.pub_key[0]),
Assertion::single(5, last_step, self.pub_key[1]),
Assertion::single(6, last_step, self.pub_key[2]),
Assertion::single(7, last_step, self.pub_key[3]),
]
}
fn get_periodic_column_values(&self) -> Vec<Vec<Self::BaseField>> {
get_round_constants()
}
}
pub struct PublicInputs {
pub(crate) pub_key: Word,
pub(crate) msg: Word,
}
impl PublicInputs {
pub fn new(pub_key: Word, msg: Word) -> Self {
Self { pub_key, msg }
}
}
impl ToElements<BaseElement> for PublicInputs {
fn to_elements(&self) -> Vec<BaseElement> {
let mut res = self.pub_key.to_vec();
res.extend_from_slice(self.msg.as_ref());
res
}
}
// HELPER EVALUATORS
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/// Enforces constraints for a single round of the Rescue Prime Optimized hash functions.
pub fn enforce_rpo_round<E: FieldElement + From<BaseElement>>(
frame: &EvaluationFrame<E>,
result: &mut [E],
ark: &[E],
) {
// compute the state that should result from applying the first 5 operations of the RPO round to
// the current hash state.
let mut step1 = [E::ZERO; STATE_WIDTH];
step1.copy_from_slice(frame.current());
apply_mds(&mut step1);
// add constants
for i in 0..STATE_WIDTH {
step1[i] += ark[i];
}
apply_sbox(&mut step1);
apply_mds(&mut step1);
// add constants
for i in 0..STATE_WIDTH {
step1[i] += ark[STATE_WIDTH + i];
}
// compute the state that should result from applying the inverse of the last operation of the
// RPO round to the next step of the computation.
let mut step2 = [E::ZERO; STATE_WIDTH];
step2.copy_from_slice(frame.next());
apply_sbox(&mut step2);
// make sure that the results are equal.
for i in 0..STATE_WIDTH {
result[i] = step2[i] - step1[i]
}
}
#[inline(always)]
fn apply_sbox<E: FieldElement + From<BaseElement>>(state: &mut [E; STATE_WIDTH]) {
state.iter_mut().for_each(|v| {
let t2 = v.square();
let t4 = t2.square();
*v *= t2 * t4;
});
}
#[inline(always)]
fn apply_mds<E: FieldElement + From<BaseElement>>(state: &mut [E; STATE_WIDTH]) {
let mut result = [E::ZERO; STATE_WIDTH];
result.iter_mut().zip(MDS).for_each(|(r, mds_row)| {
state.iter().zip(mds_row).for_each(|(&s, m)| {
*r += E::from(m) * s;
});
});
*state = result
}
/// Returns RPO round constants arranged in column-major form.
pub fn get_round_constants() -> Vec<Vec<BaseElement>> {
let mut constants = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..(STATE_WIDTH * 2) {
constants.push(vec![ZERO; HASH_CYCLE_LEN]);
}
#[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)]
for i in 0..HASH_CYCLE_LEN - 1 {
for j in 0..STATE_WIDTH {
constants[j][i] = ARK1[i][j];
constants[j + STATE_WIDTH][i] = ARK2[i][j];
}
}
constants
}

+ 69
- 0
src/dsa/rpo_stark/stark/mod.rs

@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
use core::marker::PhantomData;
use prover::RpoSignatureProver;
use rand::{distributions::Standard, prelude::Distribution, thread_rng, RngCore, SeedableRng};
use rand_chacha::ChaCha20Rng;
use winter_crypto::{ElementHasher, Hasher, SaltedMerkleTree};
use winter_math::fields::f64::BaseElement;
use winter_prover::{Proof, ProofOptions, Prover};
use winter_verifier::{verify, AcceptableOptions, VerifierError};
use crate::{
hash::{rpo::Rpo256, DIGEST_SIZE},
rand::RpoRandomCoin,
};
mod air;
pub use air::{PublicInputs, RescueAir};
mod prover;
/// Represents an abstract STARK-based signature scheme with knowledge of RPO pre-image as
/// the hard relation.
pub struct RpoSignatureScheme<H: ElementHasher> {
options: ProofOptions,
_h: PhantomData<H>,
}
impl<H: ElementHasher<BaseField = BaseElement> + Sync> RpoSignatureScheme<H>
where
Standard: Distribution<<H as Hasher>::Digest>,
{
pub fn new(options: ProofOptions) -> Self {
RpoSignatureScheme { options, _h: PhantomData }
}
pub fn sign(&self, sk: [BaseElement; DIGEST_SIZE], msg: [BaseElement; DIGEST_SIZE]) -> Proof {
// create a prover
let prover = RpoSignatureProver::<H>::new(msg, self.options.clone());
// generate execution trace
let trace = prover.build_trace(sk);
// generate the initial seed for the PRNG used for zero-knowledge
let mut seed = <ChaCha20Rng as SeedableRng>::Seed::default();
let mut rng = thread_rng();
rng.fill_bytes(&mut seed);
// generate the proof
prover.prove(trace, Some(seed)).expect("failed to generate the signature")
}
pub fn verify(
&self,
pub_key: [BaseElement; DIGEST_SIZE],
msg: [BaseElement; DIGEST_SIZE],
proof: Proof,
) -> Result<(), VerifierError> {
// we make sure that the parameters used in generating the proof match the expected ones
if *proof.options() != self.options {
return Err(VerifierError::UnacceptableProofOptions);
}
let pub_inputs = PublicInputs { pub_key, msg };
let acceptable_options = AcceptableOptions::OptionSet(vec![proof.options().clone()]);
verify::<RescueAir, Rpo256, RpoRandomCoin, SaltedMerkleTree<Rpo256, ChaCha20Rng>>(
proof,
pub_inputs,
&acceptable_options,
)
}
}

+ 148
- 0
src/dsa/rpo_stark/stark/prover.rs

@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
use core::marker::PhantomData;
use rand_chacha::ChaCha20Rng;
use winter_air::{
AuxRandElements, ConstraintCompositionCoefficients, PartitionOptions, ZkParameters,
};
use winter_crypto::{ElementHasher, SaltedMerkleTree};
use winter_math::{fields::f64::BaseElement, FieldElement};
use winter_prover::{
matrix::ColMatrix, CompositionPoly, CompositionPolyTrace, DefaultConstraintCommitment,
DefaultConstraintEvaluator, DefaultTraceLde, ProofOptions, Prover, StarkDomain, Trace,
TraceInfo, TracePolyTable, TraceTable,
};
use super::air::{PublicInputs, RescueAir, HASH_CYCLE_LEN};
use crate::{
hash::{rpo::Rpo256, STATE_WIDTH},
rand::RpoRandomCoin,
Word, ZERO,
};
// PROVER
// ================================================================================================
/// A prover for the RPO STARK-based signature scheme.
///
/// The signature is based on the the one-wayness of the RPO hash function but it is generic over
/// the hash function used for instantiating the random oracle for the BCS transform.
pub(crate) struct RpoSignatureProver<H: ElementHasher + Sync> {
message: Word,
options: ProofOptions,
_hasher: PhantomData<H>,
}
impl<H: ElementHasher + Sync> RpoSignatureProver<H> {
pub(crate) fn new(message: Word, options: ProofOptions) -> Self {
Self { message, options, _hasher: PhantomData }
}
pub(crate) fn build_trace(&self, sk: Word) -> TraceTable<BaseElement> {
let mut trace = TraceTable::new(STATE_WIDTH, HASH_CYCLE_LEN);
trace.fill(
|state| {
// initialize first half of the rate portion of the state with the secret key
state[0] = ZERO;
state[1] = ZERO;
state[2] = ZERO;
state[3] = ZERO;
state[4] = sk[0];
state[5] = sk[1];
state[6] = sk[2];
state[7] = sk[3];
state[8] = ZERO;
state[9] = ZERO;
state[10] = ZERO;
state[11] = ZERO;
},
|step, state| {
Rpo256::apply_round(
state.try_into().expect("should not fail given the size of the array"),
step,
);
},
);
trace
}
}
impl<H: ElementHasher> Prover for RpoSignatureProver<H>
where
H: ElementHasher<BaseField = BaseElement> + Sync,
{
type BaseField = BaseElement;
type Air = RescueAir;
type Trace = TraceTable<BaseElement>;
type HashFn = Rpo256;
type VC = SaltedMerkleTree<Self::HashFn, Self::ZkPrng>;
type RandomCoin = RpoRandomCoin;
type TraceLde<E: FieldElement<BaseField = Self::BaseField>> =
DefaultTraceLde<E, Self::HashFn, Self::VC>;
type ConstraintCommitment<E: FieldElement<BaseField = Self::BaseField>> =
DefaultConstraintCommitment<E, Self::HashFn, Self::ZkPrng, Self::VC>;
type ConstraintEvaluator<'a, E: FieldElement<BaseField = Self::BaseField>> =
DefaultConstraintEvaluator<'a, Self::Air, E>;
type ZkPrng = ChaCha20Rng;
fn get_pub_inputs(&self, trace: &Self::Trace) -> PublicInputs {
let last_step = trace.length() - 1;
// Note that the message is not part of the execution trace but is part of the public
// inputs. This is explained in the reference description of the DSA and intuitively
// it is done in order to make sure that the message is part of the Fiat-Shamir
// transcript and hence binds the proof/signature to the message
PublicInputs {
pub_key: [
trace.get(4, last_step),
trace.get(5, last_step),
trace.get(6, last_step),
trace.get(7, last_step),
],
msg: self.message,
}
}
fn options(&self) -> &ProofOptions {
&self.options
}
fn new_trace_lde<E: FieldElement<BaseField = Self::BaseField>>(
&self,
trace_info: &TraceInfo,
main_trace: &ColMatrix<Self::BaseField>,
domain: &StarkDomain<Self::BaseField>,
partition_option: PartitionOptions,
zk_parameters: Option<ZkParameters>,
prng: &mut Option<Self::ZkPrng>,
) -> (Self::TraceLde<E>, TracePolyTable<E>) {
DefaultTraceLde::new(trace_info, main_trace, domain, partition_option, zk_parameters, prng)
}
fn new_evaluator<'a, E: FieldElement<BaseField = Self::BaseField>>(
&self,
air: &'a Self::Air,
aux_rand_elements: Option<AuxRandElements<E>>,
composition_coefficients: ConstraintCompositionCoefficients<E>,
) -> Self::ConstraintEvaluator<'a, E> {
DefaultConstraintEvaluator::new(air, aux_rand_elements, composition_coefficients)
}
fn build_constraint_commitment<E: FieldElement<BaseField = Self::BaseField>>(
&self,
composition_poly_trace: CompositionPolyTrace<E>,
num_constraint_composition_columns: usize,
domain: &StarkDomain<Self::BaseField>,
partition_options: PartitionOptions,
zk_parameters: Option<ZkParameters>,
prng: &mut Option<Self::ZkPrng>,
) -> (Self::ConstraintCommitment<E>, CompositionPoly<E>) {
DefaultConstraintCommitment::new(
composition_poly_trace,
num_constraint_composition_columns,
domain,
partition_options,
zk_parameters,
prng,
)
}
}

+ 1
- 0
src/hash/mod.rs

@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use super::{CubeExtension, Felt, FieldElement, StarkField, ZERO};
pub mod blake;
mod rescue;
pub(crate) use rescue::{ARK1, ARK2, DIGEST_SIZE, MDS, STATE_WIDTH};
pub mod rpo {
pub use super::rescue::{Rpo256, RpoDigest, RpoDigestError};
}

+ 6
- 6
src/hash/rescue/mod.rs

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ mod arch;
pub use arch::optimized::{add_constants_and_apply_inv_sbox, add_constants_and_apply_sbox};
mod mds;
use mds::{apply_mds, MDS};
pub(crate) use mds::{apply_mds, MDS};
mod rpo;
pub use rpo::{Rpo256, RpoDigest, RpoDigestError};
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const NUM_ROUNDS: usize = 7;
/// Sponge state is set to 12 field elements or 96 bytes; 8 elements are reserved for rate and
/// the remaining 4 elements are reserved for capacity.
const STATE_WIDTH: usize = 12;
pub(crate) const STATE_WIDTH: usize = 12;
/// The rate portion of the state is located in elements 4 through 11.
const RATE_RANGE: Range<usize> = 4..12;
@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ const CAPACITY_RANGE: Range = 0..4;
///
/// The digest is returned from state elements 4, 5, 6, and 7 (the first four elements of the
/// rate portion).
const DIGEST_RANGE: Range<usize> = 4..8;
const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = DIGEST_RANGE.end - DIGEST_RANGE.start;
pub(crate) const DIGEST_RANGE: Range<usize> = 4..8;
pub(crate) const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = DIGEST_RANGE.end - DIGEST_RANGE.start;
/// The number of bytes needed to encoded a digest
const DIGEST_BYTES: usize = 32;
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ fn add_constants(state: &mut [Felt; STATE_WIDTH], ark: &[Felt; STATE_WIDTH]) {
///
/// The constants are broken up into two arrays ARK1 and ARK2; ARK1 contains the constants for the
/// first half of RPO round, and ARK2 contains constants for the second half of RPO round.
const ARK1: [[Felt; STATE_WIDTH]; NUM_ROUNDS] = [
pub(crate) const ARK1: [[Felt; STATE_WIDTH]; NUM_ROUNDS] = [
[
Felt::new(5789762306288267392),
Felt::new(6522564764413701783),
@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ const ARK1: [[Felt; STATE_WIDTH]; NUM_ROUNDS] = [
],
];
const ARK2: [[Felt; STATE_WIDTH]; NUM_ROUNDS] = [
pub(crate) const ARK2: [[Felt; STATE_WIDTH]; NUM_ROUNDS] = [
[
Felt::new(6077062762357204287),
Felt::new(15277620170502011191),

+ 16
- 0
src/hash/rescue/rpo/digest.rs

@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
use alloc::string::String;
use core::{cmp::Ordering, fmt::Display, ops::Deref, slice};
use rand::{
distributions::{Standard, Uniform},
prelude::Distribution,
};
use thiserror::Error;
use super::{Digest, Felt, StarkField, DIGEST_BYTES, DIGEST_SIZE, ZERO};
@ -126,6 +130,18 @@ impl Randomizable for RpoDigest {
}
}
impl Distribution<RpoDigest> for Standard {
fn sample<R: rand::Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> RpoDigest {
let mut res = [ZERO; DIGEST_SIZE];
let uni_dist = Uniform::from(0..Felt::MODULUS);
for r in res.iter_mut() {
let sampled_integer = uni_dist.sample(rng);
*r = Felt::new(sampled_integer);
}
RpoDigest::new(res)
}
}
// CONVERSIONS: FROM RPO DIGEST
// ================================================================================================

+ 30
- 0
src/rand/rpo.rs

@ -174,6 +174,36 @@ impl RandomCoin for RpoRandomCoin {
Ok(values)
}
fn reseed_with_salt(
&mut self,
data: <Self::Hasher as winter_crypto::Hasher>::Digest,
salt: Option<<Self::Hasher as winter_crypto::Hasher>::Digest>,
) {
// Reset buffer
self.current = RATE_START;
// Add the new seed material to the first half of the rate portion of the RPO state
let data: Word = data.into();
self.state[RATE_START] += data[0];
self.state[RATE_START + 1] += data[1];
self.state[RATE_START + 2] += data[2];
self.state[RATE_START + 3] += data[3];
if let Some(salt) = salt {
// Add the salt to the second half of the rate portion of the RPO state
let data: Word = salt.into();
self.state[RATE_START + 4] += data[0];
self.state[RATE_START + 5] += data[1];
self.state[RATE_START + 6] += data[2];
self.state[RATE_START + 7] += data[3];
}
// Absorb
Rpo256::apply_permutation(&mut self.state);
}
}
// FELT RNG IMPLEMENTATION

+ 30
- 0
src/rand/rpx.rs

@ -172,6 +172,36 @@ impl RandomCoin for RpxRandomCoin {
Ok(values)
}
fn reseed_with_salt(
&mut self,
data: <Self::Hasher as winter_crypto::Hasher>::Digest,
salt: Option<<Self::Hasher as winter_crypto::Hasher>::Digest>,
) {
// Reset buffer
self.current = RATE_START;
// Add the new seed material to the first half of the rate portion of the RPO state
let data: Word = data.into();
self.state[RATE_START] += data[0];
self.state[RATE_START + 1] += data[1];
self.state[RATE_START + 2] += data[2];
self.state[RATE_START + 3] += data[3];
if let Some(salt) = salt {
// Add the salt to the second half of the rate portion of the RPO state
let data: Word = salt.into();
self.state[RATE_START + 4] += data[0];
self.state[RATE_START + 5] += data[1];
self.state[RATE_START + 6] += data[2];
self.state[RATE_START + 7] += data[3];
}
// Absorb
Rpx256::apply_permutation(&mut self.state);
}
}
// FELT RNG IMPLEMENTATION

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