diff --git a/src/bool/evaluator.rs b/src/bool/evaluator.rs
index eab6a44..b10f4b4 100644
--- a/src/bool/evaluator.rs
+++ b/src/bool/evaluator.rs
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ use crate::{
         fill_random_ternary_secret_with_hamming_weight, generate_prime, mod_exponent,
         puncture_p_rng, Global, TryConvertFrom1, WithLocal,
     },
-    Decryptor, Encryptor, Matrix, MatrixEntity, MatrixMut, MultiPartyDecryptor, Row, RowEntity,
-    RowMut, Secret,
+    Decryptor, Encoder, Encryptor, Matrix, MatrixEntity, MatrixMut, MultiPartyDecryptor, Row,
+    RowEntity, RowMut, Secret,
 };
 
 use super::{
@@ -292,6 +292,19 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<B> Encoder<bool, B::Element> for B
+where
+    B: BoolEncoding,
+{
+    fn encode(&self, v: bool) -> B::Element {
+        if v {
+            self.true_el()
+        } else {
+            self.false_el()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub(super) struct BoolPbsInfo<M: Matrix, Ntt, RlweModOp, LweModOp> {
     auto_decomposer: DefaultDecomposer<M::MatElement>,
     rlwe_rgsw_decomposer: (
diff --git a/src/bool/ni_mp_api.rs b/src/bool/ni_mp_api.rs
index 2a72099..cc87cb1 100644
--- a/src/bool/ni_mp_api.rs
+++ b/src/bool/ni_mp_api.rs
@@ -372,11 +372,11 @@ mod impl_enc_dec {
 mod tests {
     use impl_enc_dec::NonInteractiveBatchedFheBools;
     use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
-    use num_traits::ToPrimitive;
+    use num_traits::{FromPrimitive, PrimInt, ToPrimitive, Zero};
     use rand::{thread_rng, RngCore};
 
     use crate::{
-        backend::Modulus,
+        backend::{GetModulus, Modulus},
         bool::{
             evaluator::{BoolEncoding, BooleanGates},
             keys::SinglePartyClientKey,
@@ -384,12 +384,49 @@ mod tests {
         lwe::decrypt_lwe,
         rgsw::decrypt_rlwe,
         utils::{Stats, TryConvertFrom1},
-        ArithmeticOps, Encryptor, KeySwitchWithId, ModInit, MultiPartyDecryptor, NttInit,
-        VectorOps,
+        ArithmeticOps, Encoder, Encryptor, KeySwitchWithId, ModInit, MultiPartyDecryptor, NttInit,
+        Row, VectorOps,
     };
 
     use super::*;
 
+    pub(crate) fn ideal_sk_rlwe(cks: &[ClientKey]) -> Vec<i32> {
+        let mut ideal_rlwe_sk = cks[0].sk_rlwe();
+        cks.iter().for_each(|k| {
+            let sk_rlwe = k.sk_rlwe();
+            izip!(ideal_rlwe_sk.iter_mut(), sk_rlwe.iter()).for_each(|(a, b)| {
+                *a = *a + b;
+            });
+        });
+        ideal_rlwe_sk
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn measure_noise_lwe<
+        R: Row,
+        S,
+        Modop: ArithmeticOps<Element = R::Element>
+            + GetModulus<M = CiphertextModulus<R::Element>, Element = R::Element>,
+    >(
+        lwe_ct: R,
+        m_expected: R::Element,
+        sk: &[S],
+        modop: &Modop,
+    ) -> f64
+    where
+        R: TryConvertFrom1<[S], CiphertextModulus<R::Element>>,
+        R::Element: Zero + FromPrimitive + PrimInt,
+    {
+        let noisy_m = decrypt_lwe(&lwe_ct, &sk, modop);
+        let noise = modop.sub(&m_expected, &noisy_m);
+        modop
+            .modulus()
+            .map_element_to_i64(&noise)
+            .abs()
+            .to_f64()
+            .unwrap()
+            .log2()
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn non_interactive_mp_bool_nand() {
         set_parameter_set(ParameterSelector::NonInteractiveMultiPartyLessThanOrEqualTo16);
@@ -411,16 +448,9 @@ mod tests {
         seeded_server_key.set_server_key();
 
         let parameters = BoolEvaluator::with_local(|e| e.parameters().clone());
-        let nttop = NttBackendU64::new(parameters.rlwe_q(), parameters.rlwe_n().0);
-        let rlwe_q_modop = ModularOpsU64::new(*parameters.rlwe_q());
+        let rlwe_modop = parameters.default_rlwe_modop();
 
-        let mut ideal_rlwe_sk = vec![0i32; parameters.rlwe_n().0];
-        cks.iter().for_each(|k| {
-            let sk_rlwe = k.sk_rlwe();
-            izip!(ideal_rlwe_sk.iter_mut(), sk_rlwe.iter()).for_each(|(a, b)| {
-                *a = *a + b;
-            });
-        });
+        let ideal_sk_rlwe = ideal_sk_rlwe(&cks);
 
         let mut m0 = false;
         let mut m1 = true;
@@ -449,12 +479,8 @@ mod tests {
             let m_expected = (m0 ^ m1);
 
             {
-                let noisy_m = decrypt_lwe(&ct_out, &ideal_rlwe_sk, &rlwe_q_modop);
-                let noise = if m_expected {
-                    rlwe_q_modop.sub(&parameters.rlwe_q().true_el(), &noisy_m)
-                } else {
-                    rlwe_q_modop.sub(&parameters.rlwe_q().false_el(), &noisy_m)
-                };
+                let noisy_m = decrypt_lwe(&ct_out, &ideal_sk_rlwe, &rlwe_modop);
+                let noise = rlwe_modop.sub(&parameters.rlwe_q().encode(m_expected), &noisy_m);
                 println!(
                     "Noise: {}",
                     parameters
@@ -464,7 +490,10 @@ mod tests {
                         .to_f64()
                         .unwrap()
                         .log2()
-                )
+                );
+                // let noise = measure_noise_lwe(ct_out,
+                // parameters.rlwe_q().encode(m_expected), &ideal_sk_rlwe,
+                // &rlwe_modop); println!("Noise: {noise}");
             }
 
             assert!(m_out == m_expected, "Expected {m_expected} but got {m_out}");
@@ -513,13 +542,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let message = m
             .iter()
-            .map(|b| {
-                if *b {
-                    parameters.rlwe_q().true_el()
-                } else {
-                    parameters.rlwe_q().false_el()
-                }
-            })
+            .map(|b| parameters.rlwe_q().encode(*b))
             .collect_vec();
 
         let mut m_out = vec![0u64; parameters.rlwe_n().0];
diff --git a/src/bool/parameters.rs b/src/bool/parameters.rs
index 30f11ae..f13a98b 100644
--- a/src/bool/parameters.rs
+++ b/src/bool/parameters.rs
@@ -531,7 +531,19 @@ pub(crate) const NON_INTERACTIVE_SMALL_MP_BOOL_PARAMS: BoolParameters<u64> = Boo
 };
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::utils::generate_prime;
+
+    impl BoolParameters<u64> {
+        pub(crate) fn default_rlwe_modop(&self) -> ModularOpsU64<CiphertextModulus<u64>> {
+            ModularOpsU64::new(self.rlwe_q)
+        }
+        pub(crate) fn default_rlwe_nttop(&self) -> NttBackendU64 {
+            NttBackendU64::new(&self.rlwe_q, self.rlwe_n.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    use crate::{utils::generate_prime, ModInit, ModularOpsU64, Ntt, NttBackendU64, NttInit};
+
+    use super::{BoolParameters, CiphertextModulus};
 
     #[test]
     fn find_prime() {
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 08c45d5..8c7d242 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -183,3 +183,7 @@ pub trait MultiPartyDecryptor<M, C> {
 pub trait KeySwitchWithId<C> {
     fn key_switch(&self, user_id: usize) -> C;
 }
+
+pub(crate) trait Encoder<F, T> {
+    fn encode(&self, v: F) -> T;
+}
diff --git a/src/utils.rs b/src/utils.rs
index 2cd02a3..ac97d89 100644
--- a/src/utils.rs
+++ b/src/utils.rs
@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ where
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+
     use super::is_probably_prime;
     // let n = 1 << (11 + 1);
     // let mut start = 1 << 55;