diff --git a/base2k/examples/rlwe_encrypt.rs b/base2k/examples/rlwe_encrypt.rs
index cb9dfa8..3d53141 100644
--- a/base2k/examples/rlwe_encrypt.rs
+++ b/base2k/examples/rlwe_encrypt.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use base2k::{
-    Encoding, FFT64, Infos, Module, Sampling, Scalar, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft,
-    VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxLayout, VecZnxOps, alloc_aligned,
+    Encoding, FFT64, Module, Sampling, Scalar, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft,
+    VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout, alloc_aligned,
 };
 use itertools::izip;
 use sampling::source::Source;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ fn main() {
     s.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source);
 
     // Buffer to store s in the DFT domain
-    let mut s_ppol: SvpPPol<FFT64> = module.new_svp_ppol();
+    let mut s_ppol: ScalarZnxDft<FFT64> = module.new_svp_ppol();
 
     // s_ppol <- DFT(s)
     module.svp_prepare(&mut s_ppol, &s);
diff --git a/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs b/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs
index 8d4a33d..0120f61 100644
--- a/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs
+++ b/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use base2k::{
-    Encoding, FFT64, Infos, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxLayout, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat,
-    VmpPMatOps, alloc_aligned,
+    Encoding, FFT64, MatZnxDft, MatZnxDftOps, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps,
+    ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout, alloc_aligned,
 };
 
 fn main() {
@@ -31,16 +31,16 @@ fn main() {
     a.print(n);
     println!();
 
-    let mut vmp_pmat: VmpPMat<FFT64> = module.new_vmp_pmat(rows_mat, 1, limbs_mat);
+    let mut mat_znx_dft: MatZnxDft<FFT64> = module.new_mat_znx_dft(rows_mat, 1, limbs_mat);
 
     (0..a.limbs()).for_each(|row_i| {
         let mut tmp: VecZnx = module.new_vec_znx(1, limbs_mat);
         tmp.at_limb_mut(row_i)[1] = 1 as i64;
-        module.vmp_prepare_row(&mut vmp_pmat, tmp.raw(), row_i, &mut buf);
+        module.vmp_prepare_row(&mut mat_znx_dft, tmp.raw(), row_i, &mut buf);
     });
 
     let mut c_dft: VecZnxDft<FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_dft(1, limbs_mat);
-    module.vmp_apply_dft(&mut c_dft, &a, &vmp_pmat, &mut buf);
+    module.vmp_apply_dft(&mut c_dft, &a, &mat_znx_dft, &mut buf);
 
     let mut c_big: VecZnxBig<FFT64> = c_dft.as_vec_znx_big();
     module.vec_znx_idft_tmp_a(&mut c_big, &mut c_dft);
diff --git a/base2k/src/commons.rs b/base2k/src/commons.rs
index ef7a410..290599d 100644
--- a/base2k/src/commons.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/commons.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-pub trait Infos {
+use crate::{Backend, Module};
+
+pub trait ZnxInfos {
     /// Returns the ring degree of the polynomials.
     fn n(&self) -> usize;
 
@@ -18,20 +20,34 @@ pub trait Infos {
     fn poly_count(&self) -> usize;
 }
 
-pub trait VecZnxLayout: Infos {
+pub trait ZnxBase<B: Backend> {
+    type Scalar;
+    fn new(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> Self;
+    fn from_bytes(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self;
+    fn from_bytes_borrow(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self;
+    fn bytes_of(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize;
+}
+
+pub trait ZnxLayout: ZnxInfos {
     type Scalar;
 
+    /// Returns a non-mutable pointer to the underlying coefficients array.
     fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const Self::Scalar;
+
+    /// Returns a mutable pointer to the underlying coefficients array.
     fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut Self::Scalar;
 
+    /// Returns a non-mutable reference to the entire underlying coefficient array.
     fn raw(&self) -> &[Self::Scalar] {
         unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(self.as_ptr(), self.n() * self.poly_count()) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the entire underlying coefficient array.
     fn raw_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [Self::Scalar] {
         unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr(), self.n() * self.poly_count()) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns a non-mutable pointer starting at the (i, j)-th small polynomial.
     fn at_ptr(&self, i: usize, j: usize) -> *const Self::Scalar {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -42,6 +58,7 @@ pub trait VecZnxLayout: Infos {
         unsafe { self.as_ptr().add(offset) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns a mutable pointer starting at the (i, j)-th small polynomial.
     fn at_mut_ptr(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) -> *mut Self::Scalar {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -52,18 +69,22 @@ pub trait VecZnxLayout: Infos {
         unsafe { self.as_mut_ptr().add(offset) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns non-mutable reference to the (i, j)-th small polynomial.
     fn at_poly(&self, i: usize, j: usize) -> &[Self::Scalar] {
         unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(self.at_ptr(i, j), self.n()) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns mutable reference to the (i, j)-th small polynomial.
     fn at_poly_mut(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) -> &mut [Self::Scalar] {
         unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.at_mut_ptr(i, j), self.n()) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns non-mutable reference to the i-th limb.
     fn at_limb(&self, j: usize) -> &[Self::Scalar] {
         unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(self.at_ptr(0, j), self.n() * self.cols()) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns mutable reference to the i-th limb.
     fn at_limb_mut(&mut self, j: usize) -> &mut [Self::Scalar] {
         unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.at_mut_ptr(0, j), self.n() * self.cols()) }
     }
diff --git a/base2k/src/encoding.rs b/base2k/src/encoding.rs
index 5944f3c..6034b95 100644
--- a/base2k/src/encoding.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/encoding.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::ffi::znx::znx_zero_i64_ref;
-use crate::{Infos, VecZnx, VecZnxLayout};
+use crate::{VecZnx, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout};
 use itertools::izip;
 use rug::{Assign, Float};
 use std::cmp::min;
@@ -262,17 +262,18 @@ fn decode_coeff_i64(a: &VecZnx, col_i: usize, log_base2k: usize, log_k: usize, i
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::{Encoding, Infos, VecZnx, VecZnxLayout};
+    use crate::{Encoding, FFT64, Module, VecZnx, ZnxBase, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout};
     use itertools::izip;
     use sampling::source::Source;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_set_get_i64_lo_norm() {
         let n: usize = 8;
+        let module: Module<FFT64> = Module::<FFT64>::new(n);
         let log_base2k: usize = 17;
         let cols: usize = 5;
         let log_k: usize = cols * log_base2k - 5;
-        let mut a: VecZnx = VecZnx::new(n, 2, cols);
+        let mut a: VecZnx = VecZnx::new(&module, 2, cols);
         let mut source: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]);
         let raw: &mut [i64] = a.raw_mut();
         raw.iter_mut().enumerate().for_each(|(i, x)| *x = i as i64);
@@ -290,10 +291,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_set_get_i64_hi_norm() {
         let n: usize = 8;
+        let module: Module<FFT64> = Module::<FFT64>::new(n);
         let log_base2k: usize = 17;
         let cols: usize = 5;
         let log_k: usize = cols * log_base2k - 5;
-        let mut a: VecZnx = VecZnx::new(n, 2, cols);
+        let mut a: VecZnx = VecZnx::new(&module, 2, cols);
         let mut source = Source::new([0u8; 32]);
         let raw: &mut [i64] = a.raw_mut();
         raw.iter_mut().enumerate().for_each(|(i, x)| *x = i as i64);
diff --git a/base2k/src/lib.rs b/base2k/src/lib.rs
index 4d54ca0..40df3bb 100644
--- a/base2k/src/lib.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,26 +3,26 @@ pub mod encoding;
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types, non_snake_case, non_upper_case_globals, dead_code, improper_ctypes)]
 // Other modules and exports
 pub mod ffi;
+pub mod mat_znx_dft;
 pub mod module;
 pub mod sampling;
+pub mod scalar_znx_dft;
 pub mod stats;
-pub mod svp;
 pub mod vec_znx;
 pub mod vec_znx_big;
 pub mod vec_znx_dft;
-pub mod vmp;
 
 pub use commons::*;
 pub use encoding::*;
+pub use mat_znx_dft::*;
 pub use module::*;
 pub use sampling::*;
+pub use scalar_znx_dft::*;
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 pub use stats::*;
-pub use svp::*;
 pub use vec_znx::*;
 pub use vec_znx_big::*;
 pub use vec_znx_dft::*;
-pub use vmp::*;
 
 pub const GALOISGENERATOR: u64 = 5;
 pub const DEFAULTALIGN: usize = 64;
diff --git a/base2k/src/vmp.rs b/base2k/src/mat_znx_dft.rs
similarity index 88%
rename from base2k/src/vmp.rs
rename to base2k/src/mat_znx_dft.rs
index f2af561..9466696 100644
--- a/base2k/src/vmp.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/mat_znx_dft.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_big::vec_znx_big_t;
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_dft::vec_znx_dft_t;
 use crate::ffi::vmp::{self, vmp_pmat_t};
-use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Infos, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxDft, VecZnxLayout, alloc_aligned, assert_alignement};
+use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxDft, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout, alloc_aligned, assert_alignement};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 /// Vector Matrix Product Prepared Matrix: a vector of [VecZnx],
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 ///
 /// [VmpPMat] is used to permform a vector matrix product between a [VecZnx]/[VecZnxDft] and a [VmpPMat].
 /// See the trait [VmpPMatOps] for additional information.
-pub struct VmpPMat<B: Backend> {
+pub struct MatZnxDft<B: Backend> {
     /// Raw data, is empty if borrowing scratch space.
     data: Vec<u8>,
     /// Pointer to data. Can point to scratch space.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub struct VmpPMat<B: Backend> {
     _marker: PhantomData<B>,
 }
 
-impl<B: Backend> Infos for VmpPMat<B> {
+impl<B: Backend> ZnxInfos for MatZnxDft<B> {
     fn n(&self) -> usize {
         self.n
     }
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ impl<B: Backend> Infos for VmpPMat<B> {
     }
 }
 
-impl VmpPMat<FFT64> {
-    fn new(module: &Module<FFT64>, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> VmpPMat<FFT64> {
-        let mut data: Vec<u8> = alloc_aligned::<u8>(module.bytes_of_vmp_pmat(rows, cols, limbs));
+impl MatZnxDft<FFT64> {
+    fn new(module: &Module<FFT64>, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> MatZnxDft<FFT64> {
+        let mut data: Vec<u8> = alloc_aligned::<u8>(module.bytes_of_mat_znx_dft(rows, cols, limbs));
         let ptr: *mut u8 = data.as_mut_ptr();
-        VmpPMat::<FFT64> {
+        MatZnxDft::<FFT64> {
             data: data,
             ptr: ptr,
             n: module.n(),
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ impl VmpPMat<FFT64> {
 
 /// This trait implements methods for vector matrix product,
 /// that is, multiplying a [VecZnx] with a [VmpPMat].
-pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
-    fn bytes_of_vmp_pmat(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize;
+pub trait MatZnxDftOps<B: Backend> {
+    fn bytes_of_mat_znx_dft(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize;
 
     /// Allocates a new [VmpPMat] with the given number of rows and columns.
     ///
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     ///
     /// * `rows`: number of rows (number of [VecZnxDft]).
     /// * `size`: number of size (number of size of each [VecZnxDft]).
-    fn new_vmp_pmat(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> VmpPMat<B>;
+    fn new_mat_znx_dft(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> MatZnxDft<B>;
 
     /// Returns the number of bytes needed as scratch space for [VmpPMatOps::vmp_prepare_contiguous].
     ///
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `b`: [VmpPMat] on which the values are encoded.
     /// * `a`: the contiguous array of [i64] of the 3D matrix to encode on the [VmpPMat].
     /// * `buf`: scratch space, the size of buf can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_prepare_contiguous(&self, b: &mut VmpPMat<B>, a: &[i64], buf: &mut [u8]);
+    fn vmp_prepare_contiguous(&self, b: &mut MatZnxDft<B>, a: &[i64], buf: &mut [u8]);
 
     /// Prepares the ith-row of [VmpPMat] from a [VecZnx].
     ///
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `buf`: scratch space, the size of buf can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes].
     ///
     /// The size of buf can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_prepare_row(&self, b: &mut VmpPMat<B>, a: &[i64], row_i: usize, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]);
+    fn vmp_prepare_row(&self, b: &mut MatZnxDft<B>, a: &[i64], row_i: usize, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]);
 
     /// Extracts the ith-row of [VmpPMat] into a [VecZnxBig].
     ///
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `b`: the [VecZnxBig] to on which to extract the row of the [VmpPMat].
     /// * `a`: [VmpPMat] on which the values are encoded.
     /// * `row_i`: the index of the row to extract.
-    fn vmp_extract_row(&self, b: &mut VecZnxBig<B>, a: &VmpPMat<B>, row_i: usize);
+    fn vmp_extract_row(&self, b: &mut VecZnxBig<B>, a: &MatZnxDft<B>, row_i: usize);
 
     /// Prepares the ith-row of [VmpPMat] from a [VecZnxDft].
     ///
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `row_i`: the index of the row to prepare.
     ///
     /// The size of buf can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_prepare_row_dft(&self, b: &mut VmpPMat<B>, a: &VecZnxDft<B>, row_i: usize);
+    fn vmp_prepare_row_dft(&self, b: &mut MatZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnxDft<B>, row_i: usize);
 
     /// Extracts the ith-row of [VmpPMat] into a [VecZnxDft].
     ///
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `b`: the [VecZnxDft] to on which to extract the row of the [VmpPMat].
     /// * `a`: [VmpPMat] on which the values are encoded.
     /// * `row_i`: the index of the row to extract.
-    fn vmp_extract_row_dft(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VmpPMat<B>, row_i: usize);
+    fn vmp_extract_row_dft(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &MatZnxDft<B>, row_i: usize);
 
     /// Returns the size of the stratch space necessary for [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft].
     ///
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `a`: the left operand [VecZnx] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `b`: the right operand [VmpPMat] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `buf`: scratch space, the size can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnx, b: &VmpPMat<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
+    fn vmp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnx, b: &MatZnxDft<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
 
     /// Applies the vector matrix product [VecZnxDft] x [VmpPMat] and adds on the receiver.
     ///
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `a`: the left operand [VecZnx] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `b`: the right operand [VmpPMat] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `buf`: scratch space, the size can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_add(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnx, b: &VmpPMat<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_add(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnx, b: &MatZnxDft<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
 
     /// Returns the size of the stratch space necessary for [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_to_dft].
     ///
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `a`: the left operand [VecZnxDft] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `b`: the right operand [VmpPMat] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `buf`: scratch space, the size can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnxDft<B>, b: &VmpPMat<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnxDft<B>, b: &MatZnxDft<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
 
     /// Applies the vector matrix product [VecZnxDft] x [VmpPMat] and adds on top of the receiver instead of overwritting it.
     /// The size of `buf` is given by [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes].
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `a`: the left operand [VecZnxDft] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `b`: the right operand [VmpPMat] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `buf`: scratch space, the size can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_add(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnxDft<B>, b: &VmpPMat<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_add(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VecZnxDft<B>, b: &MatZnxDft<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
 
     /// Applies the vector matrix product [VecZnxDft] x [VmpPMat] in place.
     /// The size of `buf` is given by [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes].
@@ -347,15 +347,15 @@ pub trait VmpPMatOps<B: Backend> {
     /// * `b`: the input and output of the vector matrix product, as a [VecZnxDft].
     /// * `a`: the right operand [VmpPMat] of the vector matrix product.
     /// * `buf`: scratch space, the size can be obtained with [VmpPMatOps::vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes].
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_inplace(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &VmpPMat<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_inplace(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &MatZnxDft<B>, buf: &mut [u8]);
 }
 
-impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
-    fn new_vmp_pmat(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> VmpPMat<FFT64> {
-        VmpPMat::<FFT64>::new(self, rows, cols, limbs)
+impl MatZnxDftOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
+    fn new_mat_znx_dft(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> MatZnxDft<FFT64> {
+        MatZnxDft::<FFT64>::new(self, rows, cols, limbs)
     }
 
-    fn bytes_of_vmp_pmat(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
+    fn bytes_of_mat_znx_dft(&self, rows: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
         unsafe { vmp::bytes_of_vmp_pmat(self.ptr, rows as u64, (limbs * cols) as u64) as usize }
     }
 
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         unsafe { vmp::vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes(self.ptr, rows as u64, (size * cols) as u64) as usize }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_prepare_contiguous(&self, b: &mut VmpPMat<FFT64>, a: &[i64], tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    fn vmp_prepare_contiguous(&self, b: &mut MatZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &[i64], tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert_eq!(a.len(), b.n() * b.poly_count());
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_prepare_row(&self, b: &mut VmpPMat<FFT64>, a: &[i64], row_i: usize, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    fn vmp_prepare_row(&self, b: &mut MatZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &[i64], row_i: usize, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert_eq!(a.len(), b.limbs() * self.n() * b.cols());
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_extract_row(&self, b: &mut VecZnxBig<FFT64>, a: &VmpPMat<FFT64>, row_i: usize) {
+    fn vmp_extract_row(&self, b: &mut VecZnxBig<FFT64>, a: &MatZnxDft<FFT64>, row_i: usize) {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert_eq!(a.n(), b.n());
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_prepare_row_dft(&self, b: &mut VmpPMat<FFT64>, a: &VecZnxDft<FFT64>, row_i: usize) {
+    fn vmp_prepare_row_dft(&self, b: &mut MatZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnxDft<FFT64>, row_i: usize) {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert_eq!(a.n(), b.n());
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_extract_row_dft(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VmpPMat<FFT64>, row_i: usize) {
+    fn vmp_extract_row_dft(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &MatZnxDft<FFT64>, row_i: usize) {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert_eq!(a.n(), b.n());
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnx, b: &VmpPMat<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    fn vmp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnx, b: &MatZnxDft<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
         debug_assert!(tmp_bytes.len() >= self.vmp_apply_dft_tmp_bytes(c.limbs(), a.limbs(), b.rows(), b.limbs()));
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_add(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnx, b: &VmpPMat<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_add(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnx, b: &MatZnxDft<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
         debug_assert!(tmp_bytes.len() >= self.vmp_apply_dft_tmp_bytes(c.limbs(), a.limbs(), b.rows(), b.limbs()));
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnxDft<FFT64>, b: &VmpPMat<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnxDft<FFT64>, b: &MatZnxDft<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
         debug_assert!(tmp_bytes.len() >= self.vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes(c.limbs(), a.limbs(), b.rows(), b.limbs()));
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -546,7 +546,13 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_add(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VecZnxDft<FFT64>, b: &VmpPMat<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_add(
+        &self,
+        c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>,
+        a: &VecZnxDft<FFT64>,
+        b: &MatZnxDft<FFT64>,
+        tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
+    ) {
         debug_assert!(tmp_bytes.len() >= self.vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes(c.limbs(), a.limbs(), b.rows(), b.limbs()));
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -567,7 +573,7 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_inplace(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &VmpPMat<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    fn vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_inplace(&self, b: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &MatZnxDft<FFT64>, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
         debug_assert!(tmp_bytes.len() >= self.vmp_apply_dft_to_dft_tmp_bytes(b.limbs(), b.limbs(), a.rows(), a.limbs()));
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
@@ -592,8 +598,8 @@ impl VmpPMatOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::{
-        FFT64, Module, Sampling, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxLayout, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat,
-        VmpPMatOps, alloc_aligned,
+        FFT64, MatZnxDft, MatZnxDftOps, Module, Sampling, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps,
+        ZnxLayout, alloc_aligned,
     };
     use sampling::source::Source;
 
@@ -608,8 +614,8 @@ mod tests {
         let mut a_big: VecZnxBig<FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_big(1, vpmat_size);
         let mut b_big: VecZnxBig<FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_big(1, vpmat_size);
         let mut b_dft: VecZnxDft<FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_dft(1, vpmat_size);
-        let mut vmpmat_0: VmpPMat<FFT64> = module.new_vmp_pmat(vpmat_rows, 1, vpmat_size);
-        let mut vmpmat_1: VmpPMat<FFT64> = module.new_vmp_pmat(vpmat_rows, 1, vpmat_size);
+        let mut vmpmat_0: MatZnxDft<FFT64> = module.new_mat_znx_dft(vpmat_rows, 1, vpmat_size);
+        let mut vmpmat_1: MatZnxDft<FFT64> = module.new_mat_znx_dft(vpmat_rows, 1, vpmat_size);
 
         let mut tmp_bytes: Vec<u8> = alloc_aligned(module.vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes(vpmat_rows, 1, vpmat_size));
 
@@ -619,15 +625,15 @@ mod tests {
             module.vec_znx_dft(&mut a_dft, &a);
             module.vmp_prepare_row(&mut vmpmat_0, &a.raw(), row_i, &mut tmp_bytes);
 
-            // Checks that prepare(vmp_pmat, a) = prepare_dft(vmp_pmat, a_dft)
+            // Checks that prepare(mat_znx_dft, a) = prepare_dft(mat_znx_dft, a_dft)
             module.vmp_prepare_row_dft(&mut vmpmat_1, &a_dft, row_i);
             assert_eq!(vmpmat_0.raw(), vmpmat_1.raw());
 
-            // Checks that a_dft = extract_dft(prepare(vmp_pmat, a), b_dft)
+            // Checks that a_dft = extract_dft(prepare(mat_znx_dft, a), b_dft)
             module.vmp_extract_row_dft(&mut b_dft, &vmpmat_0, row_i);
             assert_eq!(a_dft.raw(), b_dft.raw());
 
-            // Checks that a_big = extract(prepare_dft(vmp_pmat, a_dft), b_big)
+            // Checks that a_big = extract(prepare_dft(mat_znx_dft, a_dft), b_big)
             module.vmp_extract_row(&mut b_big, &vmpmat_0, row_i);
             module.vec_znx_idft(&mut a_big, &a_dft, &mut tmp_bytes);
             assert_eq!(a_big.raw(), b_big.raw());
diff --git a/base2k/src/sampling.rs b/base2k/src/sampling.rs
index b60e420..c415b80 100644
--- a/base2k/src/sampling.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/sampling.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{Backend, Infos, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxLayout};
+use crate::{Backend, Module, VecZnx, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout};
 use rand_distr::{Distribution, Normal};
 use sampling::source::Source;
 
diff --git a/base2k/src/svp.rs b/base2k/src/scalar_znx_dft.rs
similarity index 87%
rename from base2k/src/svp.rs
rename to base2k/src/scalar_znx_dft.rs
index ba375c7..7457ca2 100644
--- a/base2k/src/svp.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/scalar_znx_dft.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use crate::ffi::svp::{self, svp_ppol_t};
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_dft::vec_znx_dft_t;
-use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, VecZnxLayout, assert_alignement};
+use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, ZnxLayout, assert_alignement};
 
-use crate::{Infos, alloc_aligned, cast_mut};
+use crate::{ZnxInfos, alloc_aligned, cast_mut};
 use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 use rand_core::RngCore;
 use rand_distr::{Distribution, weighted::WeightedIndex};
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl<B: Backend> ScalarOps for Module<B> {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct SvpPPol<B: Backend> {
+pub struct ScalarZnxDft<B: Backend> {
     pub n: usize,
     pub data: Vec<u8>,
     pub ptr: *mut u8,
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ pub struct SvpPPol<B: Backend> {
 
 /// A prepared [crate::Scalar] for [SvpPPolOps::svp_apply_dft].
 /// An [SvpPPol] an be seen as a [VecZnxDft] of one limb.
-impl SvpPPol<FFT64> {
+impl ScalarZnxDft<FFT64> {
     pub fn new(module: &Module<FFT64>) -> Self {
         module.new_svp_ppol()
     }
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ impl SvpPPol<FFT64> {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait SvpPPolOps<B: Backend> {
+pub trait ScalarZnxDftOps<B: Backend> {
     /// Allocates a new [SvpPPol].
-    fn new_svp_ppol(&self) -> SvpPPol<B>;
+    fn new_svp_ppol(&self) -> ScalarZnxDft<B>;
 
     /// Returns the minimum number of bytes necessary to allocate
     /// a new [SvpPPol] through [SvpPPol::from_bytes] ro.
@@ -218,26 +218,26 @@ pub trait SvpPPolOps<B: Backend> {
     /// Allocates a new [SvpPPol] from an array of bytes.
     /// The array of bytes is owned by the [SvpPPol].
     /// The method will panic if bytes.len() < [SvpPPolOps::bytes_of_svp_ppol]
-    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes(&self, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> SvpPPol<B>;
+    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes(&self, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> ScalarZnxDft<B>;
 
     /// Allocates a new [SvpPPol] from an array of bytes.
     /// The array of bytes is borrowed by the [SvpPPol].
     /// The method will panic if bytes.len() < [SvpPPolOps::bytes_of_svp_ppol]
-    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes_borrow(&self, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) -> SvpPPol<B>;
+    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes_borrow(&self, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) -> ScalarZnxDft<B>;
 
     /// Prepares a [crate::Scalar] for a [SvpPPolOps::svp_apply_dft].
-    fn svp_prepare(&self, svp_ppol: &mut SvpPPol<B>, a: &Scalar);
+    fn svp_prepare(&self, svp_ppol: &mut ScalarZnxDft<B>, a: &Scalar);
 
     /// Applies the [SvpPPol] x [VecZnxDft] product, where each limb of
     /// the [VecZnxDft] is multiplied with [SvpPPol].
-    fn svp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &SvpPPol<B>, b: &VecZnx);
+    fn svp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<B>, a: &ScalarZnxDft<B>, b: &VecZnx);
 }
 
-impl SvpPPolOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
-    fn new_svp_ppol(&self) -> SvpPPol<FFT64> {
+impl ScalarZnxDftOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
+    fn new_svp_ppol(&self) -> ScalarZnxDft<FFT64> {
         let mut data: Vec<u8> = alloc_aligned::<u8>(self.bytes_of_svp_ppol());
         let ptr: *mut u8 = data.as_mut_ptr();
-        SvpPPol::<FFT64> {
+        ScalarZnxDft::<FFT64> {
             data: data,
             ptr: ptr,
             n: self.n(),
@@ -249,19 +249,19 @@ impl SvpPPolOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
         unsafe { svp::bytes_of_svp_ppol(self.ptr) as usize }
     }
 
-    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes(&self, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> SvpPPol<FFT64> {
-        SvpPPol::from_bytes(self, bytes)
+    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes(&self, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> ScalarZnxDft<FFT64> {
+        ScalarZnxDft::from_bytes(self, bytes)
     }
 
-    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes_borrow(&self, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) -> SvpPPol<FFT64> {
-        SvpPPol::from_bytes_borrow(self, tmp_bytes)
+    fn new_svp_ppol_from_bytes_borrow(&self, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) -> ScalarZnxDft<FFT64> {
+        ScalarZnxDft::from_bytes_borrow(self, tmp_bytes)
     }
 
-    fn svp_prepare(&self, svp_ppol: &mut SvpPPol<FFT64>, a: &Scalar) {
+    fn svp_prepare(&self, svp_ppol: &mut ScalarZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &Scalar) {
         unsafe { svp::svp_prepare(self.ptr, svp_ppol.ptr as *mut svp_ppol_t, a.as_ptr()) }
     }
 
-    fn svp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &SvpPPol<FFT64>, b: &VecZnx) {
+    fn svp_apply_dft(&self, c: &mut VecZnxDft<FFT64>, a: &ScalarZnxDft<FFT64>, b: &VecZnx) {
         unsafe {
             svp::svp_apply_dft(
                 self.ptr,
diff --git a/base2k/src/stats.rs b/base2k/src/stats.rs
index f72ebaa..44e441f 100644
--- a/base2k/src/stats.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/stats.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{Encoding, Infos, VecZnx};
+use crate::{Encoding, VecZnx, ZnxInfos};
 use rug::Float;
 use rug::float::Round;
 use rug::ops::{AddAssignRound, DivAssignRound, SubAssignRound};
diff --git a/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs b/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs
index 9b47eae..89173f0 100644
--- a/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use crate::Backend;
+use crate::ZnxBase;
 use crate::cast_mut;
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx;
 use crate::ffi::znx;
-use crate::{Infos, Module, VecZnxLayout};
+use crate::{Module, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout};
 use crate::{alloc_aligned, assert_alignement};
 use itertools::izip;
 use std::cmp::min;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ pub struct VecZnx {
     pub ptr: *mut i64,
 }
 
-impl Infos for VecZnx {
+impl ZnxInfos for VecZnx {
     fn n(&self) -> usize {
         self.n
     }
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ impl Infos for VecZnx {
     }
 }
 
-impl VecZnxLayout for VecZnx {
+impl ZnxLayout for VecZnx {
     type Scalar = i64;
 
     fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const Self::Scalar {
@@ -84,9 +85,12 @@ pub fn copy_vec_znx_from(b: &mut VecZnx, a: &VecZnx) {
     data_b[..size].copy_from_slice(&data_a[..size])
 }
 
-impl VecZnx {
+impl<B: Backend> ZnxBase<B> for VecZnx {
+    type Scalar = i64;
+
     /// Allocates a new [VecZnx] composed of #size polynomials of Z\[X\].
-    pub fn new(n: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> Self {
+    fn new(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> Self {
+        let n: usize = module.n();
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert!(n > 0);
@@ -94,7 +98,7 @@ impl VecZnx {
             assert!(cols > 0);
             assert!(limbs > 0);
         }
-        let mut data: Vec<i64> = alloc_aligned::<i64>(n * cols * limbs);
+        let mut data: Vec<i64> = alloc_aligned::<i64>(Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
         let ptr: *mut i64 = data.as_mut_ptr();
         Self {
             n: n,
@@ -105,6 +109,57 @@ impl VecZnx {
         }
     }
 
+    fn bytes_of(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
+        module.n() * cols * limbs * size_of::<i64>()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a new struct implementing [VecZnx] with the provided data as backing array.
+    ///
+    /// The struct will take ownership of buf[..[Self::bytes_of]]
+    ///
+    /// User must ensure that data is properly alligned and that
+    /// the limbs of data is equal to [Self::bytes_of].
+    fn from_bytes(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
+        let n: usize = module.n();
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        {
+            assert!(cols > 0);
+            assert!(limbs > 0);
+            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
+            assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr());
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            let bytes_i64: &mut [i64] = cast_mut::<u8, i64>(bytes);
+            let ptr: *mut i64 = bytes_i64.as_mut_ptr();
+            Self {
+                n: n,
+                cols: cols,
+                limbs: limbs,
+                data: Vec::from_raw_parts(ptr, bytes.len(), bytes.len()),
+                ptr: ptr,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_bytes_borrow(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        {
+            assert!(cols > 0);
+            assert!(limbs > 0);
+            assert!(bytes.len() >= Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
+            assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr());
+        }
+        Self {
+            n: module.n(),
+            cols: cols,
+            limbs: limbs,
+            data: Vec::new(),
+            ptr: bytes.as_mut_ptr() as *mut i64,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VecZnx {
     /// Truncates the precision of the [VecZnx] by k bits.
     ///
     /// # Arguments
@@ -133,54 +188,6 @@ impl VecZnx {
         }
     }
 
-    fn bytes_of(n: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
-        n * cols * limbs * size_of::<i64>()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a new struct implementing [VecZnx] with the provided data as backing array.
-    ///
-    /// The struct will take ownership of buf[..[Self::bytes_of]]
-    ///
-    /// User must ensure that data is properly alligned and that
-    /// the limbs of data is equal to [Self::bytes_of].
-    pub fn from_bytes(n: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        {
-            assert!(cols > 0);
-            assert!(limbs > 0);
-            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), Self::bytes_of(n, cols, limbs));
-            assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr());
-        }
-        unsafe {
-            let bytes_i64: &mut [i64] = cast_mut::<u8, i64>(bytes);
-            let ptr: *mut i64 = bytes_i64.as_mut_ptr();
-            Self {
-                n: n,
-                cols: cols,
-                limbs: limbs,
-                data: Vec::from_raw_parts(ptr, bytes.len(), bytes.len()),
-                ptr: ptr,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn from_bytes_borrow(n: usize, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        {
-            assert!(cols > 0);
-            assert!(limbs > 0);
-            assert!(bytes.len() >= Self::bytes_of(n, cols, limbs));
-            assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr());
-        }
-        Self {
-            n: n,
-            cols: cols,
-            limbs: limbs,
-            data: Vec::new(),
-            ptr: bytes.as_mut_ptr() as *mut i64,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn copy_from(&mut self, a: &Self) {
         copy_vec_znx_from(self, a);
     }
@@ -394,19 +401,19 @@ pub trait VecZnxOps {
 
 impl<B: Backend> VecZnxOps for Module<B> {
     fn new_vec_znx(&self, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> VecZnx {
-        VecZnx::new(self.n(), cols, limbs)
+        VecZnx::new(self, cols, limbs)
     }
 
     fn bytes_of_vec_znx(&self, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
-        VecZnx::bytes_of(self.n(), cols, limbs)
+        VecZnx::bytes_of(self, cols, limbs)
     }
 
     fn new_vec_znx_from_bytes(&self, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> VecZnx {
-        VecZnx::from_bytes(self.n(), cols, limbs, bytes)
+        VecZnx::from_bytes(self, cols, limbs, bytes)
     }
 
     fn new_vec_znx_from_bytes_borrow(&self, cols: usize, limbs: usize, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) -> VecZnx {
-        VecZnx::from_bytes_borrow(self.n(), cols, limbs, tmp_bytes)
+        VecZnx::from_bytes_borrow(self, cols, limbs, tmp_bytes)
     }
 
     fn vec_znx_normalize_tmp_bytes(&self, cols: usize) -> usize {
diff --git a/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs b/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs
index ac02aab..7a8cc48 100644
--- a/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_big::{self, vec_znx_big_t};
-use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Infos, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, VecZnxLayout, alloc_aligned, assert_alignement};
+use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, ZnxBase, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout, alloc_aligned, assert_alignement};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 pub struct VecZnxBig<B: Backend> {
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ pub struct VecZnxBig<B: Backend> {
     pub limbs: usize,
     pub _marker: PhantomData<B>,
 }
+impl<B: Backend> ZnxBase<B> for VecZnxBig<B> {
+    type Scalar = u8;
 
-impl VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
-    pub fn new(module: &Module<FFT64>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> Self {
+    fn new(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> Self {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert!(cols > 0);
             assert!(limbs > 0);
         }
-        let mut data: Vec<u8> = alloc_aligned::<u8>(module.bytes_of_vec_znx_big(cols, limbs));
-        let ptr: *mut u8 = data.as_mut_ptr();
+        let mut data: Vec<Self::Scalar> = alloc_aligned::<u8>(Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
+        let ptr: *mut Self::Scalar = data.as_mut_ptr();
         Self {
             data: data,
             ptr: ptr,
@@ -30,15 +31,19 @@ impl VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
+    fn bytes_of(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
+        unsafe { vec_znx_big::bytes_of_vec_znx_big(module.ptr, limbs as u64) as usize * cols }
+    }
+
     /// Returns a new [VecZnxBig] with the provided data as backing array.
     /// User must ensure that data is properly alligned and that
     /// the size of data is at least equal to [Module::bytes_of_vec_znx_big].
-    pub fn from_bytes(module: &Module<FFT64>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
+    fn from_bytes(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [Self::Scalar]) -> Self {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert!(cols > 0);
             assert!(limbs > 0);
-            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), module.bytes_of_vec_znx_big(cols, limbs));
+            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
             assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr())
         };
         unsafe {
@@ -53,12 +58,12 @@ impl VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn from_bytes_borrow(module: &Module<FFT64>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
+    fn from_bytes_borrow(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [Self::Scalar]) -> Self {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert!(cols > 0);
             assert!(limbs > 0);
-            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), module.bytes_of_vec_znx_big(cols, limbs));
+            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
             assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr());
         }
         Self {
@@ -70,24 +75,9 @@ impl VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
             _marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn as_vec_znx_dft(&mut self) -> VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
-        VecZnxDft::<FFT64> {
-            data: Vec::new(),
-            ptr: self.ptr,
-            n: self.n,
-            cols: self.cols,
-            limbs: self.limbs,
-            _marker: self._marker,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn print(&self, n: usize) {
-        (0..self.limbs()).for_each(|i| println!("{}: {:?}", i, &self.at_limb(i)[..n]));
-    }
 }
 
-impl<B: Backend> Infos for VecZnxBig<B> {
+impl<B: Backend> ZnxInfos for VecZnxBig<B> {
     fn log_n(&self) -> usize {
         (usize::BITS - (self.n - 1).leading_zeros()) as _
     }
@@ -113,7 +103,7 @@ impl<B: Backend> Infos for VecZnxBig<B> {
     }
 }
 
-impl VecZnxLayout for VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
+impl ZnxLayout for VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
     type Scalar = i64;
 
     fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const Self::Scalar {
@@ -125,6 +115,12 @@ impl VecZnxLayout for VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
     }
 }
 
+impl VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
+    pub fn print(&self, n: usize) {
+        (0..self.limbs()).for_each(|i| println!("{}: {:?}", i, &self.at_limb(i)[..n]));
+    }
+}
+
 pub trait VecZnxBigOps<B: Backend> {
     /// Allocates a vector Z[X]/(X^N+1) that stores not normalized values.
     fn new_vec_znx_big(&self, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> VecZnxBig<B>;
@@ -220,7 +216,7 @@ impl VecZnxBigOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
     }
 
     fn bytes_of_vec_znx_big(&self, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
-        unsafe { vec_znx_big::bytes_of_vec_znx_big(self.ptr, limbs as u64) as usize * cols }
+        VecZnxBig::bytes_of(self, cols, limbs)
     }
 
     /// [VecZnxBig] (3 cols and 4 limbs)
diff --git a/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs b/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs
index 6d3c6f6..7724710 100644
--- a/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_big::vec_znx_big_t;
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_dft;
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_dft::{bytes_of_vec_znx_dft, vec_znx_dft_t};
-use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Infos, Module, VecZnxBig, VecZnxLayout, assert_alignement};
+use crate::{Backend, FFT64, Module, VecZnxBig, ZnxBase, ZnxInfos, ZnxLayout, assert_alignement};
 use crate::{VecZnx, alloc_aligned};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@ pub struct VecZnxDft<B: Backend> {
     pub _marker: PhantomData<B>,
 }
 
-impl VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
-    pub fn new(module: &Module<FFT64>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> Self {
+impl<B: Backend> ZnxBase<B> for VecZnxDft<B> {
+    type Scalar = u8;
+
+    fn new(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> Self {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert!(cols > 0);
             assert!(limbs > 0);
         }
-        let mut data: Vec<u8> = alloc_aligned::<u8>(module.bytes_of_vec_znx_dft(cols, limbs));
-        let ptr: *mut u8 = data.as_mut_ptr();
+        let mut data: Vec<Self::Scalar> = alloc_aligned(Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
+        let ptr: *mut Self::Scalar = data.as_mut_ptr();
         Self {
             data: data,
             ptr: ptr,
@@ -33,19 +35,19 @@ impl VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn bytes_of(module: &Module<FFT64>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
+    fn bytes_of(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> usize {
         unsafe { bytes_of_vec_znx_dft(module.ptr, limbs as u64) as usize * cols }
     }
 
     /// Returns a new [VecZnxDft] with the provided data as backing array.
     /// User must ensure that data is properly alligned and that
     /// the size of data is at least equal to [Module::bytes_of_vec_znx_dft].
-    pub fn from_bytes(module: &Module<FFT64>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
+    fn from_bytes(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [Self::Scalar]) -> Self {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert!(cols > 0);
             assert!(limbs > 0);
-            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), module.bytes_of_vec_znx_dft(cols, limbs));
+            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
             assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr())
         }
         unsafe {
@@ -60,12 +62,12 @@ impl VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn from_bytes_borrow(module: &Module<FFT64>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [u8]) -> Self {
+    fn from_bytes_borrow(module: &Module<B>, cols: usize, limbs: usize, bytes: &mut [Self::Scalar]) -> Self {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         {
             assert!(cols > 0);
             assert!(limbs > 0);
-            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), module.bytes_of_vec_znx_dft(cols, limbs));
+            assert_eq!(bytes.len(), Self::bytes_of(module, cols, limbs));
             assert_alignement(bytes.as_ptr());
         }
         Self {
@@ -77,12 +79,14 @@ impl VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
             _marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
+}
 
+impl<B: Backend> VecZnxDft<B> {
     /// Cast a [VecZnxDft] into a [VecZnxBig].
     /// The returned [VecZnxBig] shares the backing array
     /// with the original [VecZnxDft].
-    pub fn as_vec_znx_big(&mut self) -> VecZnxBig<FFT64> {
-        VecZnxBig::<FFT64> {
+    pub fn as_vec_znx_big(&mut self) -> VecZnxBig<B> {
+        VecZnxBig::<B> {
             data: Vec::new(),
             ptr: self.ptr,
             n: self.n,
@@ -91,13 +95,9 @@ impl VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
             _marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn print(&self, n: usize) {
-        (0..self.limbs()).for_each(|i| println!("{}: {:?}", i, &self.at_limb(i)[..n]));
-    }
 }
 
-impl<B: Backend> Infos for VecZnxDft<B> {
+impl<B: Backend> ZnxInfos for VecZnxDft<B> {
     fn n(&self) -> usize {
         self.n
     }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl<B: Backend> Infos for VecZnxDft<B> {
     }
 }
 
-impl VecZnxLayout for VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
+impl ZnxLayout for VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
     type Scalar = f64;
 
     fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const Self::Scalar {
@@ -135,6 +135,12 @@ impl VecZnxLayout for VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
     }
 }
 
+impl VecZnxDft<FFT64> {
+    pub fn print(&self, n: usize) {
+        (0..self.limbs()).for_each(|i| println!("{}: {:?}", i, &self.at_limb(i)[..n]));
+    }
+}
+
 pub trait VecZnxDftOps<B: Backend> {
     /// Allocates a vector Z[X]/(X^N+1) that stores normalized in the DFT space.
     fn new_vec_znx_dft(&self, cols: usize, limbs: usize) -> VecZnxDft<B>;
@@ -314,7 +320,7 @@ impl VecZnxDftOps<FFT64> for Module<FFT64> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::{FFT64, Module, Sampling, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxLayout, VecZnxOps, alloc_aligned};
+    use crate::{FFT64, Module, Sampling, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, ZnxLayout, alloc_aligned};
     use itertools::izip;
     use sampling::source::Source;
 
diff --git a/rlwe/benches/gadget_product.rs b/rlwe/benches/gadget_product.rs
index fdd2240..14bb06d 100644
--- a/rlwe/benches/gadget_product.rs
+++ b/rlwe/benches/gadget_product.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use base2k::{BACKEND, Module, Sampling, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat, alloc_aligned_u8};
+use base2k::{BACKEND, Module, Sampling, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, MatZnxDft, alloc_aligned_u8};
 use criterion::{BenchmarkId, Criterion, criterion_group, criterion_main};
 use rlwe::{
     ciphertext::{Ciphertext, new_gadget_ciphertext},
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fn bench_gadget_product_inplace(c: &mut Criterion) {
         res_dft_0: &'a mut VecZnxDft,
         res_dft_1: &'a mut VecZnxDft,
         a: &'a VecZnx,
-        b: &'a Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+        b: &'a Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
         b_cols: usize,
         tmp_bytes: &'a mut [u8],
     ) -> Box<dyn FnMut() + 'a> {
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ fn bench_gadget_product_inplace(c: &mut Criterion) {
         let mut source_xe: Source = Source::new([4; 32]);
         let mut source_xa: Source = Source::new([5; 32]);
 
-        let mut sk0_svp_ppol: base2k::SvpPPol = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk0_svp_ppol: base2k::ScalarZnxDft = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
         params.module().svp_prepare(&mut sk0_svp_ppol, &sk0.0);
 
-        let mut sk1_svp_ppol: base2k::SvpPPol = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk1_svp_ppol: base2k::ScalarZnxDft = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
         params.module().svp_prepare(&mut sk1_svp_ppol, &sk1.0);
 
-        let mut gadget_ct: Ciphertext<VmpPMat> = new_gadget_ciphertext(
+        let mut gadget_ct: Ciphertext<MatZnxDft> = new_gadget_ciphertext(
             params.module(),
             params.log_base2k(),
             params.cols_q(),
diff --git a/rlwe/examples/encryption.rs b/rlwe/examples/encryption.rs
index b9d66cd..20a0603 100644
--- a/rlwe/examples/encryption.rs
+++ b/rlwe/examples/encryption.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use base2k::{Encoding, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, alloc_aligned};
+use base2k::{Encoding, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, alloc_aligned};
 use rlwe::{
     ciphertext::Ciphertext,
     elem::ElemCommon,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ fn main() {
     let mut source_xe: Source = Source::new([1; 32]);
     let mut source_xa: Source = Source::new([2; 32]);
 
-    let mut sk_svp_ppol: base2k::SvpPPol = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
+    let mut sk_svp_ppol: base2k::ScalarZnxDft = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
     params.module().svp_prepare(&mut sk_svp_ppol, &sk.0);
 
     params.encrypt_rlwe_sk(
diff --git a/rlwe/src/automorphism.rs b/rlwe/src/automorphism.rs
index 5e5b48a..d76e356 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/automorphism.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/automorphism.rs
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ use crate::{
     parameters::Parameters,
 };
 use base2k::{
-    Module, Scalar, ScalarOps, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat,
-    VmpPMatOps, assert_alignement,
+    Module, Scalar, ScalarOps, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, MatZnxDft,
+    MatZnxDftOps, assert_alignement,
 };
 use sampling::source::Source;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 /// Stores DFT([-A*AUTO(s, -p) + 2^{-K*i}*s + E, A]) where AUTO(X, p): X^{i} -> X^{i*p}
 pub struct AutomorphismKey {
-    pub value: Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    pub value: Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     pub p: i64,
 }
 
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ impl AutomorphismKey {
         let (sk_out_bytes, tmp_bytes) = tmp_bytes.split_at_mut(module.bytes_of_svp_ppol());
 
         let sk_auto: Scalar = module.new_scalar_from_bytes_borrow(sk_auto_bytes);
-        let mut sk_out: SvpPPol = module.new_svp_ppol_from_bytes_borrow(sk_out_bytes);
+        let mut sk_out: ScalarZnxDft = module.new_svp_ppol_from_bytes_borrow(sk_out_bytes);
 
         let mut keys: Vec<AutomorphismKey> = Vec::new();
 
         p.iter().for_each(|pi| {
-            let mut value: Ciphertext<VmpPMat> = new_gadget_ciphertext(module, log_base2k, rows, log_q);
+            let mut value: Ciphertext<MatZnxDft> = new_gadget_ciphertext(module, log_base2k, rows, log_q);
 
             let p_inv: i64 = module.galois_element_inv(*pi);
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ mod test {
         parameters::{Parameters, ParametersLiteral},
         plaintext::Plaintext,
     };
-    use base2k::{BACKEND, Encoding, Module, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxOps, alloc_aligned};
+    use base2k::{BACKEND, Encoding, Module, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxOps, alloc_aligned};
     use sampling::source::{Source, new_seed};
 
     #[test]
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ mod test {
 
         let mut sk: SecretKey = SecretKey::new(module);
         sk.fill_ternary_hw(params.xs(), &mut source_xs);
-        let mut sk_svp_ppol: SvpPPol = module.new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk_svp_ppol: ScalarZnxDft = module.new_svp_ppol();
         module.svp_prepare(&mut sk_svp_ppol, &sk.0);
 
         let p: i64 = -5;
diff --git a/rlwe/src/ciphertext.rs b/rlwe/src/ciphertext.rs
index 73addb5..bcffeec 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/ciphertext.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/ciphertext.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::elem::{Elem, ElemCommon};
 use crate::parameters::Parameters;
-use base2k::{Infos, Layout, Module, VecZnx, VmpPMat};
+use base2k::{ZnxInfos, Layout, Module, VecZnx, MatZnxDft};
 
 pub struct Ciphertext<T>(pub Elem<T>);
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ impl Parameters {
 
 impl<T> ElemCommon<T> for Ciphertext<T>
 where
-    T: Infos,
+    T: ZnxInfos,
 {
     fn n(&self) -> usize {
         self.elem().n()
@@ -78,16 +78,16 @@ pub fn new_rlwe_ciphertext(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, log_q: usize) ->
     Ciphertext::<VecZnx>::new(module, log_base2k, log_q, rows)
 }
 
-pub fn new_gadget_ciphertext(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, rows: usize, log_q: usize) -> Ciphertext<VmpPMat> {
+pub fn new_gadget_ciphertext(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, rows: usize, log_q: usize) -> Ciphertext<MatZnxDft> {
     let cols: usize = (log_q + log_base2k - 1) / log_base2k;
-    let mut elem: Elem<VmpPMat> = Elem::<VmpPMat>::new(module, log_base2k, 2, rows, cols);
+    let mut elem: Elem<MatZnxDft> = Elem::<MatZnxDft>::new(module, log_base2k, 2, rows, cols);
     elem.log_q = log_q;
     Ciphertext(elem)
 }
 
-pub fn new_rgsw_ciphertext(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, rows: usize, log_q: usize) -> Ciphertext<VmpPMat> {
+pub fn new_rgsw_ciphertext(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, rows: usize, log_q: usize) -> Ciphertext<MatZnxDft> {
     let cols: usize = (log_q + log_base2k - 1) / log_base2k;
-    let mut elem: Elem<VmpPMat> = Elem::<VmpPMat>::new(module, log_base2k, 4, rows, cols);
+    let mut elem: Elem<MatZnxDft> = Elem::<MatZnxDft>::new(module, log_base2k, 4, rows, cols);
     elem.log_q = log_q;
     Ciphertext(elem)
 }
diff --git a/rlwe/src/decryptor.rs b/rlwe/src/decryptor.rs
index 6eeea27..4c1fb7e 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/decryptor.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/decryptor.rs
@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@ use crate::{
     parameters::Parameters,
     plaintext::Plaintext,
 };
-use base2k::{Module, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps};
+use base2k::{Module, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps};
 use std::cmp::min;
 
 pub struct Decryptor {
-    sk: SvpPPol,
+    sk: ScalarZnxDft,
 }
 
 impl Decryptor {
     pub fn new(params: &Parameters, sk: &SecretKey) -> Self {
-        let mut sk_svp_ppol: SvpPPol = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk_svp_ppol: ScalarZnxDft = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
         sk.prepare(params.module(), &mut sk_svp_ppol);
         Self { sk: sk_svp_ppol }
     }
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ impl Parameters {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn decrypt_rlwe(&self, res: &mut Plaintext, ct: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>, sk: &SvpPPol, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+    pub fn decrypt_rlwe(&self, res: &mut Plaintext, ct: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>, sk: &ScalarZnxDft, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
         decrypt_rlwe(self.module(), &mut res.0, &ct.0, sk, tmp_bytes)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn decrypt_rlwe(module: &Module, res: &mut Elem<VecZnx>, a: &Elem<VecZnx>, sk: &SvpPPol, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
+pub fn decrypt_rlwe(module: &Module, res: &mut Elem<VecZnx>, a: &Elem<VecZnx>, sk: &ScalarZnxDft, tmp_bytes: &mut [u8]) {
     let cols: usize = a.cols();
 
     assert!(
diff --git a/rlwe/src/elem.rs b/rlwe/src/elem.rs
index 656cc3a..c6fe59f 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/elem.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/elem.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use base2k::{Infos, Layout, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat, VmpPMatOps};
+use base2k::{ZnxInfos, Layout, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxOps, MatZnxDft, MatZnxDftOps};
 
 pub struct Elem<T> {
     pub value: Vec<T>,
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub trait ElemCommon<T> {
     fn at_mut(&mut self, i: usize) -> &mut T;
 }
 
-impl<T: Infos> ElemCommon<T> for Elem<T> {
+impl<T: ZnxInfos> ElemCommon<T> for Elem<T> {
     fn n(&self) -> usize {
         self.value[0].n()
     }
@@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ impl Elem<VecZnx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Elem<VmpPMat> {
+impl Elem<MatZnxDft> {
     pub fn new(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, size: usize, rows: usize, cols: usize) -> Self {
         assert!(rows > 0);
         assert!(cols > 0);
-        let mut value: Vec<VmpPMat> = Vec::new();
+        let mut value: Vec<MatZnxDft> = Vec::new();
         (0..size).for_each(|_| value.push(module.new_vmp_pmat(1, rows, cols)));
         Self {
             value: value,
diff --git a/rlwe/src/encryptor.rs b/rlwe/src/encryptor.rs
index bdb383c..7354a0f 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/encryptor.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/encryptor.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ use crate::parameters::Parameters;
 use crate::plaintext::Plaintext;
 use base2k::sampling::Sampling;
 use base2k::{
-    Infos, Module, Scalar, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat,
-    VmpPMatOps,
+    ZnxInfos, Module, Scalar, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, MatZnxDft,
+    MatZnxDftOps,
 };
 
 use sampling::source::{Source, new_seed};
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl Parameters {
         &self,
         ct: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
         pt: Option<&Plaintext>,
-        sk: &SvpPPol,
+        sk: &ScalarZnxDft,
         source_xa: &mut Source,
         source_xe: &mut Source,
         tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl Parameters {
 }
 
 pub struct EncryptorSk {
-    sk: SvpPPol,
+    sk: ScalarZnxDft,
     source_xa: Source,
     source_xe: Source,
     initialized: bool,
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub struct EncryptorSk {
 
 impl EncryptorSk {
     pub fn new(params: &Parameters, sk: Option<&SecretKey>) -> Self {
-        let mut sk_svp_ppol: SvpPPol = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk_svp_ppol: ScalarZnxDft = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
         let mut initialized: bool = false;
         if let Some(sk) = sk {
             sk.prepare(params.module(), &mut sk_svp_ppol);
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn encrypt_rlwe_sk(
     module: &Module,
     ct: &mut Elem<VecZnx>,
     pt: Option<&VecZnx>,
-    sk: &SvpPPol,
+    sk: &ScalarZnxDft,
     source_xa: &mut Source,
     source_xe: &mut Source,
     sigma: f64,
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ fn encrypt_rlwe_sk_core<const PT_POS: u8>(
     module: &Module,
     ct: &mut Elem<VecZnx>,
     pt: Option<&VecZnx>,
-    sk: &SvpPPol,
+    sk: &ScalarZnxDft,
     source_xa: &mut Source,
     source_xe: &mut Source,
     sigma: f64,
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ pub fn encrypt_grlwe_sk_tmp_bytes(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, rows: usiz
 
 pub fn encrypt_grlwe_sk(
     module: &Module,
-    ct: &mut Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    ct: &mut Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     m: &Scalar,
-    sk: &SvpPPol,
+    sk: &ScalarZnxDft,
     source_xa: &mut Source,
     source_xe: &mut Source,
     sigma: f64,
@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@ pub fn encrypt_rgsw_sk_tmp_bytes(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, rows: usize
 
 pub fn encrypt_rgsw_sk(
     module: &Module,
-    ct: &mut Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    ct: &mut Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     m: &Scalar,
-    sk: &SvpPPol,
+    sk: &ScalarZnxDft,
     source_xa: &mut Source,
     source_xe: &mut Source,
     sigma: f64,
@@ -302,10 +302,10 @@ pub fn encrypt_rgsw_sk(
 fn encrypt_grlwe_sk_core<const PT_POS: u8>(
     module: &Module,
     log_base2k: usize,
-    mut ct: [&mut VmpPMat; 2],
+    mut ct: [&mut MatZnxDft; 2],
     log_q: usize,
     m: &Scalar,
-    sk: &SvpPPol,
+    sk: &ScalarZnxDft,
     source_xa: &mut Source,
     source_xe: &mut Source,
     sigma: f64,
diff --git a/rlwe/src/gadget_product.rs b/rlwe/src/gadget_product.rs
index bbf9642..9315cd8 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/gadget_product.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/gadget_product.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{ciphertext::Ciphertext, elem::ElemCommon, parameters::Parameters};
-use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VmpPMat, VmpPMatOps};
+use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, MatZnxDft, MatZnxDftOps};
 use std::cmp::min;
 
 pub fn gadget_product_core_tmp_bytes(
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn gadget_product_core(
     res_dft_0: &mut VecZnxDft,
     res_dft_1: &mut VecZnxDft,
     a: &VecZnx,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     b_cols: usize,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn gadget_product_big(
     module: &Module,
     c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnxBig>,
     a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
     let cols: usize = min(c.cols(), a.cols());
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ pub fn gadget_product(
     module: &Module,
     c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
     a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
     let cols: usize = min(c.cols(), a.cols());
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ mod test {
         plaintext::Plaintext,
     };
     use base2k::{
-        BACKEND, Infos, Sampling, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat,
+        BACKEND, ZnxInfos, Sampling, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, MatZnxDft,
         alloc_aligned_u8,
     };
     use sampling::source::{Source, new_seed};
@@ -175,16 +175,16 @@ mod test {
         // Two secret keys
         let mut sk0: SecretKey = SecretKey::new(params.module());
         sk0.fill_ternary_hw(params.xs(), &mut source_xs);
-        let mut sk0_svp_ppol: base2k::SvpPPol = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk0_svp_ppol: base2k::ScalarZnxDft = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
         params.module().svp_prepare(&mut sk0_svp_ppol, &sk0.0);
 
         let mut sk1: SecretKey = SecretKey::new(params.module());
         sk1.fill_ternary_hw(params.xs(), &mut source_xs);
-        let mut sk1_svp_ppol: base2k::SvpPPol = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk1_svp_ppol: base2k::ScalarZnxDft = params.module().new_svp_ppol();
         params.module().svp_prepare(&mut sk1_svp_ppol, &sk1.0);
 
         // The gadget ciphertext
-        let mut gadget_ct: Ciphertext<VmpPMat> = new_gadget_ciphertext(
+        let mut gadget_ct: Ciphertext<MatZnxDft> = new_gadget_ciphertext(
             params.module(),
             log_base2k,
             params.cols_qp(),
diff --git a/rlwe/src/key_generator.rs b/rlwe/src/key_generator.rs
index 4f62a2c..88a2331 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/key_generator.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/key_generator.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::encryptor::{encrypt_grlwe_sk, encrypt_grlwe_sk_tmp_bytes};
 use crate::keys::{PublicKey, SecretKey, SwitchingKey};
 use crate::parameters::Parameters;
-use base2k::{Module, SvpPPol};
+use base2k::{Module, ScalarZnxDft};
 use sampling::source::Source;
 
 pub struct KeyGenerator {}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ impl KeyGenerator {
     pub fn gen_public_key_thread_safe(
         &self,
         params: &Parameters,
-        sk_ppol: &SvpPPol,
+        sk_ppol: &ScalarZnxDft,
         source: &mut Source,
         tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
     ) -> PublicKey {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn gen_switching_key(
     module: &Module,
     swk: &mut SwitchingKey,
     sk_in: &SecretKey,
-    sk_out: &SvpPPol,
+    sk_out: &ScalarZnxDft,
     source_xa: &mut Source,
     source_xe: &mut Source,
     sigma: f64,
diff --git a/rlwe/src/key_switching.rs b/rlwe/src/key_switching.rs
index 4e0001a..e73c7f9 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/key_switching.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/key_switching.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::ciphertext::Ciphertext;
 use crate::elem::ElemCommon;
-use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDftOps, VmpPMat, VmpPMatOps, assert_alignement};
+use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDftOps, MatZnxDft, MatZnxDftOps, assert_alignement};
 use std::cmp::min;
 
 pub fn key_switch_tmp_bytes(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, res_logq: usize, in_logq: usize, gct_logq: usize) -> usize {
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn key_switch_rlwe(
     module: &Module,
     c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
     a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     b_cols: usize,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn key_switch_rlwe(
 pub fn key_switch_rlwe_inplace(
     module: &Module,
     a: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     b_cols: usize,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn key_switch_rlwe_core(
     module: &Module,
     c: *mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
     a: *const Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     b_cols: usize,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
@@ -74,6 +74,6 @@ fn key_switch_rlwe_core(
     module.vec_znx_big_normalize(c.log_base2k(), c.at_mut(1), &mut res_big, tmp_bytes);
 }
 
-pub fn key_switch_grlwe(module: &Module, c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>, a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>, b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>) {}
+pub fn key_switch_grlwe(module: &Module, c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>, a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>, b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>) {}
 
-pub fn key_switch_rgsw(module: &Module, c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>, a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>, b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>) {}
+pub fn key_switch_rgsw(module: &Module, c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>, a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>, b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>) {}
diff --git a/rlwe/src/keys.rs b/rlwe/src/keys.rs
index da7c412..6017159 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/keys.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/keys.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::ciphertext::{Ciphertext, new_gadget_ciphertext};
 use crate::elem::{Elem, ElemCommon};
 use crate::encryptor::{encrypt_rlwe_sk, encrypt_rlwe_sk_tmp_bytes};
-use base2k::{Module, Scalar, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VmpPMat};
+use base2k::{Module, Scalar, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, MatZnxDft};
 use sampling::source::Source;
 
 pub struct SecretKey(pub Scalar);
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl SecretKey {
         self.0.fill_ternary_hw(hw, source);
     }
 
-    pub fn prepare(&self, module: &Module, sk_ppol: &mut SvpPPol) {
+    pub fn prepare(&self, module: &Module, sk_ppol: &mut ScalarZnxDft) {
         module.svp_prepare(sk_ppol, &self.0)
     }
 }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl PublicKey {
     pub fn gen_thread_safe(
         &mut self,
         module: &Module,
-        sk: &SvpPPol,
+        sk: &ScalarZnxDft,
         xe: f64,
         xa_source: &mut Source,
         xe_source: &mut Source,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl PublicKey {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct SwitchingKey(pub Ciphertext<VmpPMat>);
+pub struct SwitchingKey(pub Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>);
 
 impl SwitchingKey {
     pub fn new(module: &Module, log_base2k: usize, rows: usize, log_q: usize) -> SwitchingKey {
diff --git a/rlwe/src/rgsw_product.rs b/rlwe/src/rgsw_product.rs
index dc42602..1f76166 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/rgsw_product.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/rgsw_product.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{ciphertext::Ciphertext, elem::ElemCommon, parameters::Parameters};
-use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VmpPMat, VmpPMatOps, assert_alignement};
+use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, MatZnxDft, MatZnxDftOps, assert_alignement};
 use std::cmp::min;
 
 impl Parameters {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn rgsw_product(
     module: &Module,
     c: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
     a: &Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     b_cols: usize,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn rgsw_product(
 pub fn rgsw_product_inplace(
     module: &Module,
     a: &mut Ciphertext<VecZnx>,
-    b: &Ciphertext<VmpPMat>,
+    b: &Ciphertext<MatZnxDft>,
     b_cols: usize,
     tmp_bytes: &mut [u8],
 ) {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ mod test {
         plaintext::Plaintext,
         rgsw_product::rgsw_product_inplace,
     };
-    use base2k::{BACKEND, Encoding, Module, Scalar, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, VecZnxOps, VmpPMat, alloc_aligned};
+    use base2k::{BACKEND, Encoding, Module, Scalar, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, VecZnxOps, MatZnxDft, alloc_aligned};
     use sampling::source::{Source, new_seed};
 
     #[test]
@@ -164,10 +164,10 @@ mod test {
 
         let mut sk: SecretKey = SecretKey::new(module);
         sk.fill_ternary_hw(params.xs(), &mut source_xs);
-        let mut sk_svp_ppol: SvpPPol = module.new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk_svp_ppol: ScalarZnxDft = module.new_svp_ppol();
         module.svp_prepare(&mut sk_svp_ppol, &sk.0);
 
-        let mut ct_rgsw: Ciphertext<VmpPMat> = new_rgsw_ciphertext(module, log_base2k, gct_rows, log_qp);
+        let mut ct_rgsw: Ciphertext<MatZnxDft> = new_rgsw_ciphertext(module, log_base2k, gct_rows, log_qp);
 
         let k: i64 = 3;
 
diff --git a/rlwe/src/trace.rs b/rlwe/src/trace.rs
index 9e7feb8..005c497 100644
--- a/rlwe/src/trace.rs
+++ b/rlwe/src/trace.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{automorphism::AutomorphismKey, ciphertext::Ciphertext, elem::ElemCommon, parameters::Parameters};
-use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, VmpPMatOps, assert_alignement};
+use base2k::{Module, VecZnx, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftOps, MatZnxDftOps, assert_alignement};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 pub fn trace_galois_elements(module: &Module) -> Vec<i64> {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ mod test {
         parameters::{DEFAULT_SIGMA, Parameters, ParametersLiteral},
         plaintext::Plaintext,
     };
-    use base2k::{BACKEND, Encoding, Module, SvpPPol, SvpPPolOps, VecZnx, alloc_aligned};
+    use base2k::{BACKEND, Encoding, Module, ScalarZnxDft, ScalarZnxDftOps, VecZnx, alloc_aligned};
     use sampling::source::{Source, new_seed};
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ mod test {
 
         let mut sk: SecretKey = SecretKey::new(module);
         sk.fill_ternary_hw(params.xs(), &mut source_xs);
-        let mut sk_svp_ppol: SvpPPol = module.new_svp_ppol();
+        let mut sk_svp_ppol: ScalarZnxDft = module.new_svp_ppol();
         module.svp_prepare(&mut sk_svp_ppol, &sk.0);
 
         let gal_els: Vec<i64> = trace_galois_elements(module);