diff --git a/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs b/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs
index 16568b3..8e4c9da 100644
--- a/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs
+++ b/base2k/examples/vector_matrix_product.rs
@@ -32,16 +32,15 @@ fn main() {
     a.print_limbs(a.limbs(), n);
     println!();
 
-    let mut vecznx: Vec<VecZnx>= Vec::new();
-    (0..rows).for_each(|_|{
+    let mut vecznx: Vec<VecZnx> = Vec::new();
+    (0..rows).for_each(|_| {
         vecznx.push(module.new_vec_znx(cols));
     });
 
-    (0..rows).for_each(|i|{
-        vecznx[i].data[i*n+1] = 1 as i64;
+    (0..rows).for_each(|i| {
+        vecznx[i].data[i * n + 1] = 1 as i64;
     });
 
-
     let mut vmp_pmat: VmpPMat = module.new_vmp_pmat(rows, cols);
     module.vmp_prepare_dblptr(&mut vmp_pmat, &vecznx, &mut buf);
 
@@ -57,7 +56,6 @@ fn main() {
     let mut values_res: Vec<i64> = vec![i64::default(); n];
     res.decode_vec_i64(log_base2k, log_k, &mut values_res);
 
-    
     res.print_limbs(res.limbs(), n);
 
     module.free();
@@ -67,7 +65,6 @@ fn main() {
     //println!("{:?}", values_res)
 }
 
-
 /*
 
 use base2k::{
@@ -110,4 +107,4 @@ fn main() {
     module.free();
 }
 
-*/
\ No newline at end of file
+*/
diff --git a/base2k/src/ffi/vmp.rs b/base2k/src/ffi/vmp.rs
index 9aeb184..154555c 100644
--- a/base2k/src/ffi/vmp.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/ffi/vmp.rs
@@ -92,9 +92,5 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
 }
 
 unsafe extern "C" {
-    pub unsafe fn vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes(
-        module: *const MODULE,
-        nrows: u64,
-        ncols: u64,
-    ) -> u64;
+    pub unsafe fn vmp_prepare_tmp_bytes(module: *const MODULE, nrows: u64, ncols: u64) -> u64;
 }
diff --git a/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs b/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs
index 377d765..24e22c1 100644
--- a/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/vec_znx.rs
@@ -408,26 +408,23 @@ pub trait VecZnxOps {
     fn vec_znx_automorphism_inplace(&self, k: i64, a: &mut VecZnx);
 
     /// Splits b into subrings and copies them them into a.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Panics
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// This method requires that all [VecZnx] of b have the same ring degree
     /// and that b.n() * b.len() <= a.n()
     fn vec_znx_split(&self, b: &mut Vec<VecZnx>, a: &VecZnx, buf: &mut VecZnx);
 
-
     /// Merges the subrings a into b.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// # Panics
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// This method requires that all [VecZnx] of a have the same ring degree
     /// and that a.n() * a.len() <= b.n()
     fn vec_znx_merge(&self, b: &mut VecZnx, a: &Vec<VecZnx>);
-
 }
 
 impl VecZnxOps for Module {
-
     fn new_vec_znx(&self, limbs: usize) -> VecZnx {
         VecZnx::new(self.n(), limbs)
     }
@@ -592,34 +589,48 @@ impl VecZnxOps for Module {
         }
     }
 
-    fn vec_znx_split(&self, b: &mut Vec<VecZnx>, a: &VecZnx, buf: &mut VecZnx){
+    fn vec_znx_split(&self, b: &mut Vec<VecZnx>, a: &VecZnx, buf: &mut VecZnx) {
         let (n_in, n_out) = (a.n(), b[0].n());
 
-        assert!(n_out < n_in, "invalid a: output ring degree should be smaller");
-        b[1..].iter().for_each(|bi|{
-            assert_eq!(bi.n(), n_out, "invalid input a: all VecZnx must have the same degree")
+        assert!(
+            n_out < n_in,
+            "invalid a: output ring degree should be smaller"
+        );
+        b[1..].iter().for_each(|bi| {
+            assert_eq!(
+                bi.n(),
+                n_out,
+                "invalid input a: all VecZnx must have the same degree"
+            )
         });
 
-        b.iter_mut().enumerate().for_each(|(i, bi)|{
-            if i == 0{
+        b.iter_mut().enumerate().for_each(|(i, bi)| {
+            if i == 0 {
                 a.switch_degree(bi);
                 self.vec_znx_rotate(-1, buf, a);
-            }else{
+            } else {
                 buf.switch_degree(bi);
                 self.vec_znx_rotate_inplace(-1, buf);
             }
         })
     }
 
-    fn vec_znx_merge(&self, b: &mut VecZnx, a: &Vec<VecZnx>){
+    fn vec_znx_merge(&self, b: &mut VecZnx, a: &Vec<VecZnx>) {
         let (n_in, n_out) = (b.n(), a[0].n());
 
-        assert!(n_out < n_in, "invalid a: output ring degree should be smaller");
-        a[1..].iter().for_each(|ai|{
-            assert_eq!(ai.n(), n_out, "invalid input a: all VecZnx must have the same degree")
+        assert!(
+            n_out < n_in,
+            "invalid a: output ring degree should be smaller"
+        );
+        a[1..].iter().for_each(|ai| {
+            assert_eq!(
+                ai.n(),
+                n_out,
+                "invalid input a: all VecZnx must have the same degree"
+            )
         });
 
-        a.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(i, ai)|{
+        a.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(i, ai)| {
             ai.switch_degree(b);
             self.vec_znx_rotate_inplace(-1, b);
         });
diff --git a/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs b/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs
index 874c83f..7113f00 100644
--- a/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/vec_znx_big.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,16 @@ use crate::{Infos, Module, VecZnx, VecZnxDft};
 pub struct VecZnxBig(pub *mut vec_znx_big::vec_znx_bigcoeff_t, pub usize);
 
 impl VecZnxBig {
+    /// Casts a contiguous array of [u8] into as a [VecZnxDft].
+    /// User must ensure that data is properly alligned and that
+    /// the size of data is at least equal to [Module::bytes_of_vec_znx_big].
+    pub fn from_bytes(&self, limbs: usize, data: &mut [u8]) -> VecZnxBig {
+        VecZnxBig(
+            data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut vec_znx_big::vec_znx_bigcoeff_t,
+            limbs,
+        )
+    }
+
     pub fn as_vec_znx_dft(&mut self) -> VecZnxDft {
         VecZnxDft(self.0 as *mut vec_znx_dft::vec_znx_dft_t, self.1)
     }
@@ -19,6 +29,10 @@ impl Module {
         unsafe { VecZnxBig(vec_znx_big::new_vec_znx_big(self.0, limbs as u64), limbs) }
     }
 
+    pub fn bytes_of_vec_znx_big(&self, limbs: usize) -> usize {
+        unsafe { vec_znx_big::bytes_of_vec_znx_big(self.0, limbs as u64) as usize }
+    }
+
     // b <- b - a
     pub fn vec_znx_big_sub_small_a_inplace(&self, b: &mut VecZnxBig, a: &VecZnx) {
         let limbs: usize = a.limbs();
diff --git a/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs b/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs
index 74732b9..29fef62 100644
--- a/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs
+++ b/base2k/src/vec_znx_dft.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_big;
 use crate::ffi::vec_znx_dft;
+use crate::ffi::vec_znx_dft::bytes_of_vec_znx_dft;
 use crate::{Module, VecZnxBig};
 
 pub struct VecZnxDft(pub *mut vec_znx_dft::vec_znx_dft_t, pub usize);
 
 impl VecZnxDft {
+    /// Casts a contiguous array of [u8] into as a [VecZnxDft].
+    /// User must ensure that data is properly alligned and that
+    /// the size of data is at least equal to [Module::bytes_of_vec_znx_dft].
+    pub fn from_bytes(&self, limbs: usize, data: &mut [u8]) -> VecZnxDft {
+        VecZnxDft(data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut vec_znx_dft::vec_znx_dft_t, limbs)
+    }
+
+    /// Cast a [VecZnxDft] into a [VecZnxBig].
+    /// The returned [VecZnxBig] shares the backing array
+    /// with the original [VecZnxDft].
     pub fn as_vec_znx_big(&mut self) -> VecZnxBig {
         VecZnxBig(self.0 as *mut vec_znx_big::vec_znx_bigcoeff_t, self.1)
     }
@@ -19,6 +30,10 @@ impl Module {
         unsafe { VecZnxDft(vec_znx_dft::new_vec_znx_dft(self.0, limbs as u64), limbs) }
     }
 
+    pub fn bytes_of_vec_znx_dft(&self, limbs: usize) -> usize {
+        unsafe { bytes_of_vec_znx_dft(self.0, limbs as u64) as usize }
+    }
+
     // b <- IDFT(a), uses a as scratch space.
     pub fn vec_znx_idft_tmp_a(&self, b: &mut VecZnxBig, a: &mut VecZnxDft, a_limbs: usize) {
         assert!(