use base2k::{ FFT64, Module, ScalarZnx, ScalarZnxAlloc, ScalarZnxDftOps, ScratchOwned, Stats, VecZnxBig, VecZnxBigAlloc, VecZnxBigOps, VecZnxDft, VecZnxDftAlloc, VecZnxDftOps, VecZnxOps, VecZnxToMut, ZnxViewMut, ZnxZero, }; use sampling::source::Source; use crate::{ elem::{GetRow, Infos}, ggsw_ciphertext::GGSWCiphertext, glwe_ciphertext_fourier::GLWECiphertextFourier, glwe_plaintext::GLWEPlaintext, keys::{SecretKey, SecretKeyFourier}, keyswitch_key::GLWESwitchingKey, test_fft64::gglwe::noise_grlwe_rlwe_product, }; #[test] fn encrypt_sk() { let module: Module = Module::::new(2048); let log_base2k: usize = 8; let log_k_ct: usize = 54; let rows: usize = 4; let rank: usize = 1; let sigma: f64 = 3.2; let bound: f64 = sigma * 6.0; let mut ct: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_ct, rows, rank); let mut pt_have: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_ct); let mut pt_want: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_ct); let mut pt_scalar: ScalarZnx> = module.new_scalar_znx(1); let mut source_xs: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xe: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xa: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); pt_scalar.fill_ternary_hw(0, module.n(), &mut source_xs); let mut scratch: ScratchOwned = ScratchOwned::new( GGSWCiphertext::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct.size()) | GLWECiphertextFourier::decrypt_scratch_space(&module, ct.size()), ); let mut sk: SecretKey> = SecretKey::new(&module, rank); sk.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut sk_dft: SecretKeyFourier, FFT64> = SecretKeyFourier::new(&module, rank); sk_dft.dft(&module, &sk); ct.encrypt_sk( &module, &pt_scalar, &sk_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); let mut ct_rlwe_dft: GLWECiphertextFourier, FFT64> = GLWECiphertextFourier::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_ct, rank); let mut pt_dft: VecZnxDft, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_dft(1, ct.size()); let mut pt_big: VecZnxBig, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_big(1, ct.size()); (0..ct.rank()).for_each(|col_j| { (0..ct.rows()).for_each(|row_i| { module.vec_znx_add_scalar_inplace(&mut pt_want, 0, row_i, &pt_scalar, 0); if col_j == 1 { module.vec_znx_dft(&mut pt_dft, 0, &pt_want, 0); module.svp_apply_inplace(&mut pt_dft, 0, &sk_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_idft_tmp_a(&mut pt_big, 0, &mut pt_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_big_normalize(log_base2k, &mut pt_want, 0, &pt_big, 0, scratch.borrow()); } ct.get_row(&module, row_i, col_j, &mut ct_rlwe_dft); ct_rlwe_dft.decrypt(&module, &mut pt_have, &sk_dft, scratch.borrow()); module.vec_znx_sub_ab_inplace(&mut pt_have, 0, &pt_want, 0); let std_pt: f64 = pt_have.data.std(0, log_base2k) * (log_k_ct as f64).exp2(); assert!((sigma - std_pt).abs() <= 0.2, "{} {}", sigma, std_pt); pt_want.data.zero(); }); }); } #[test] fn keyswitch() { let module: Module = Module::::new(2048); let log_base2k: usize = 12; let log_k_grlwe: usize = 60; let log_k_rgsw_in: usize = 45; let log_k_rgsw_out: usize = 45; let rows: usize = (log_k_rgsw_in + log_base2k - 1) / log_base2k; let rank: usize = 1; let sigma: f64 = 3.2; let bound: f64 = sigma * 6.0; let mut ct_grlwe: GLWESwitchingKey, FFT64> = GLWESwitchingKey::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_grlwe, rows, rank, rank); let mut ct_rgsw_in: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_in, rows, rank); let mut ct_rgsw_out: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_out, rows, rank); let mut pt_rgsw: ScalarZnx> = module.new_scalar_znx(1); let mut source_xs: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xe: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xa: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); // Random input plaintext pt_rgsw.fill_ternary_prob(0, 0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut scratch: ScratchOwned = ScratchOwned::new( GLWESwitchingKey::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_grlwe.size()) | GLWECiphertextFourier::decrypt_scratch_space(&module, ct_rgsw_out.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_rgsw_in.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::keyswitch_scratch_space( &module, ct_rgsw_out.size(), ct_rgsw_in.size(), ct_grlwe.size(), ), ); let mut sk0: SecretKey> = SecretKey::new(&module, rank); sk0.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut sk0_dft: SecretKeyFourier, FFT64> = SecretKeyFourier::new(&module, rank); sk0_dft.dft(&module, &sk0); let mut sk1: SecretKey> = SecretKey::new(&module, rank); sk1.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut sk1_dft: SecretKeyFourier, FFT64> = SecretKeyFourier::new(&module, rank); sk1_dft.dft(&module, &sk1); ct_grlwe.encrypt_sk( &module, &sk0.data, &sk1_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw_in.encrypt_sk( &module, &pt_rgsw, &sk0_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw_out.keyswitch(&module, &ct_rgsw_in, &ct_grlwe, scratch.borrow()); let mut ct_rlwe_dft: GLWECiphertextFourier, FFT64> = GLWECiphertextFourier::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_out, rank); let mut pt: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_out); let mut pt_dft: VecZnxDft, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_dft(1, ct_rgsw_out.size()); let mut pt_big: VecZnxBig, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_big(1, ct_rgsw_out.size()); let mut pt_want: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_out); (0..ct_rgsw_out.rank()).for_each(|col_j| { (0..ct_rgsw_out.rows()).for_each(|row_i| { module.vec_znx_add_scalar_inplace(&mut pt_want, 0, row_i, &pt_rgsw, 0); if col_j == 1 { module.vec_znx_dft(&mut pt_dft, 0, &pt_want, 0); module.svp_apply_inplace(&mut pt_dft, 0, &sk0_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_idft_tmp_a(&mut pt_big, 0, &mut pt_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_big_normalize(log_base2k, &mut pt_want, 0, &pt_big, 0, scratch.borrow()); } ct_rgsw_out.get_row(&module, row_i, col_j, &mut ct_rlwe_dft); ct_rlwe_dft.decrypt(&module, &mut pt, &sk1_dft, scratch.borrow()); module.vec_znx_sub_ab_inplace(&mut pt, 0, &pt_want, 0); let noise_have: f64 = pt.data.std(0, log_base2k).log2(); let noise_want: f64 = noise_grlwe_rlwe_product( module.n() as f64, log_base2k, 0.5, 0.5, 0f64, sigma * sigma, 0f64, log_k_grlwe, log_k_grlwe, ); assert!( (noise_have - noise_want).abs() <= 0.2, "have: {} want: {}", noise_have, noise_want ); pt_want.data.zero(); }); }); } #[test] fn keyswitch_inplace() { let module: Module = Module::::new(2048); let log_base2k: usize = 12; let log_k_grlwe: usize = 60; let log_k_rgsw: usize = 45; let rows: usize = (log_k_rgsw + log_base2k - 1) / log_base2k; let rank: usize = 1; let sigma: f64 = 3.2; let bound: f64 = sigma * 6.0; let mut ct_grlwe: GLWESwitchingKey, FFT64> = GLWESwitchingKey::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_grlwe, rows, rank, rank); let mut ct_rgsw: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw, rows, rank); let mut pt_rgsw: ScalarZnx> = module.new_scalar_znx(1); let mut source_xs: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xe: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xa: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); // Random input plaintext pt_rgsw.fill_ternary_prob(0, 0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut scratch: ScratchOwned = ScratchOwned::new( GLWESwitchingKey::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_grlwe.size()) | GLWECiphertextFourier::decrypt_scratch_space(&module, ct_rgsw.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_rgsw.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::keyswitch_inplace_scratch_space(&module, ct_rgsw.size(), ct_grlwe.size()), ); let mut sk0: SecretKey> = SecretKey::new(&module, rank); sk0.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut sk0_dft: SecretKeyFourier, FFT64> = SecretKeyFourier::new(&module, rank); sk0_dft.dft(&module, &sk0); let mut sk1: SecretKey> = SecretKey::new(&module, rank); sk1.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut sk1_dft: SecretKeyFourier, FFT64> = SecretKeyFourier::new(&module, rank); sk1_dft.dft(&module, &sk1); ct_grlwe.encrypt_sk( &module, &sk0.data, &sk1_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw.encrypt_sk( &module, &pt_rgsw, &sk0_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw.keyswitch_inplace(&module, &ct_grlwe, scratch.borrow()); let mut ct_rlwe_dft: GLWECiphertextFourier, FFT64> = GLWECiphertextFourier::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw, rank); let mut pt: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw); let mut pt_dft: VecZnxDft, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_dft(1, ct_rgsw.size()); let mut pt_big: VecZnxBig, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_big(1, ct_rgsw.size()); let mut pt_want: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw); (0..ct_rgsw.rank()).for_each(|col_j| { (0..ct_rgsw.rows()).for_each(|row_i| { module.vec_znx_add_scalar_inplace(&mut pt_want, 0, row_i, &pt_rgsw, 0); if col_j == 1 { module.vec_znx_dft(&mut pt_dft, 0, &pt_want, 0); module.svp_apply_inplace(&mut pt_dft, 0, &sk0_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_idft_tmp_a(&mut pt_big, 0, &mut pt_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_big_normalize(log_base2k, &mut pt_want, 0, &pt_big, 0, scratch.borrow()); } ct_rgsw.get_row(&module, row_i, col_j, &mut ct_rlwe_dft); ct_rlwe_dft.decrypt(&module, &mut pt, &sk1_dft, scratch.borrow()); module.vec_znx_sub_ab_inplace(&mut pt, 0, &pt_want, 0); let noise_have: f64 = pt.data.std(0, log_base2k).log2(); let noise_want: f64 = noise_grlwe_rlwe_product( module.n() as f64, log_base2k, 0.5, 0.5, 0f64, sigma * sigma, 0f64, log_k_grlwe, log_k_grlwe, ); assert!( (noise_have - noise_want).abs() <= 0.2, "have: {} want: {}", noise_have, noise_want ); pt_want.data.zero(); }); }); } #[test] fn external_product() { let module: Module = Module::::new(2048); let log_base2k: usize = 12; let log_k_rgsw_rhs: usize = 60; let log_k_rgsw_lhs_in: usize = 45; let log_k_rgsw_lhs_out: usize = 45; let rows: usize = (log_k_rgsw_lhs_in + log_base2k - 1) / log_base2k; let rank: usize = 1; let sigma: f64 = 3.2; let bound: f64 = sigma * 6.0; let mut ct_rgsw_rhs: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_rhs, rows, rank); let mut ct_rgsw_lhs_in: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs_in, rows, rank); let mut ct_rgsw_lhs_out: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs_out, rows, rank); let mut pt_rgsw_lhs: ScalarZnx> = module.new_scalar_znx(1); let mut pt_rgsw_rhs: ScalarZnx> = module.new_scalar_znx(1); let mut source_xs: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xe: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xa: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); // Random input plaintext pt_rgsw_lhs.fill_ternary_prob(0, 0.5, &mut source_xs); let k: usize = 1; pt_rgsw_rhs.to_mut().raw_mut()[k] = 1; //X^{k} let mut scratch: ScratchOwned = ScratchOwned::new( GLWESwitchingKey::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_rgsw_rhs.size()) | GLWECiphertextFourier::decrypt_scratch_space(&module, ct_rgsw_lhs_out.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_rgsw_lhs_in.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::external_product_scratch_space( &module, ct_rgsw_lhs_out.size(), ct_rgsw_lhs_in.size(), ct_rgsw_rhs.size(), ), ); let mut sk: SecretKey> = SecretKey::new(&module, rank); sk.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut sk_dft: SecretKeyFourier, FFT64> = SecretKeyFourier::new(&module, rank); sk_dft.dft(&module, &sk); ct_rgsw_rhs.encrypt_sk( &module, &pt_rgsw_rhs, &sk_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw_lhs_in.encrypt_sk( &module, &pt_rgsw_lhs, &sk_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw_lhs_out.external_product(&module, &ct_rgsw_lhs_in, &ct_rgsw_rhs, scratch.borrow()); let mut ct_rlwe_dft: GLWECiphertextFourier, FFT64> = GLWECiphertextFourier::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs_out, rank); let mut pt: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs_out); let mut pt_dft: VecZnxDft, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_dft(1, ct_rgsw_lhs_out.size()); let mut pt_big: VecZnxBig, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_big(1, ct_rgsw_lhs_out.size()); let mut pt_want: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs_out); module.vec_znx_rotate_inplace(k as i64, &mut pt_rgsw_lhs, 0); (0..ct_rgsw_lhs_out.rank()).for_each(|col_j| { (0..ct_rgsw_lhs_out.rows()).for_each(|row_i| { module.vec_znx_add_scalar_inplace(&mut pt_want, 0, row_i, &pt_rgsw_lhs, 0); if col_j == 1 { module.vec_znx_dft(&mut pt_dft, 0, &pt_want, 0); module.svp_apply_inplace(&mut pt_dft, 0, &sk_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_idft_tmp_a(&mut pt_big, 0, &mut pt_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_big_normalize(log_base2k, &mut pt_want, 0, &pt_big, 0, scratch.borrow()); } ct_rgsw_lhs_out.get_row(&module, row_i, col_j, &mut ct_rlwe_dft); ct_rlwe_dft.decrypt(&module, &mut pt, &sk_dft, scratch.borrow()); module.vec_znx_sub_ab_inplace(&mut pt, 0, &pt_want, 0); let noise_have: f64 = pt.data.std(0, log_base2k).log2(); let var_gct_err_lhs: f64 = sigma * sigma; let var_gct_err_rhs: f64 = 0f64; let var_msg: f64 = 1f64 / module.n() as f64; // X^{k} let var_a0_err: f64 = sigma * sigma; let var_a1_err: f64 = 1f64 / 12f64; let noise_want: f64 = noise_rgsw_product( module.n() as f64, log_base2k, 0.5, var_msg, var_a0_err, var_a1_err, var_gct_err_lhs, var_gct_err_rhs, log_k_rgsw_lhs_in, log_k_rgsw_rhs, ); assert!( (noise_have - noise_want).abs() <= 0.1, "have: {} want: {}", noise_have, noise_want ); pt_want.data.zero(); }); }); } #[test] fn external_product_inplace() { let module: Module = Module::::new(2048); let log_base2k: usize = 12; let log_k_rgsw_rhs: usize = 60; let log_k_rgsw_lhs: usize = 45; let rows: usize = (log_k_rgsw_lhs + log_base2k - 1) / log_base2k; let rank: usize = 1; let sigma: f64 = 3.2; let bound: f64 = sigma * 6.0; let mut ct_rgsw_rhs: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_rhs, rows, rank); let mut ct_rgsw_lhs: GGSWCiphertext, FFT64> = GGSWCiphertext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs, rows, rank); let mut pt_rgsw_lhs: ScalarZnx> = module.new_scalar_znx(1); let mut pt_rgsw_rhs: ScalarZnx> = module.new_scalar_znx(1); let mut source_xs: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xe: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); let mut source_xa: Source = Source::new([0u8; 32]); // Random input plaintext pt_rgsw_lhs.fill_ternary_prob(0, 0.5, &mut source_xs); let k: usize = 1; pt_rgsw_rhs.to_mut().raw_mut()[k] = 1; //X^{k} let mut scratch: ScratchOwned = ScratchOwned::new( GLWESwitchingKey::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_rgsw_rhs.size()) | GLWECiphertextFourier::decrypt_scratch_space(&module, ct_rgsw_lhs.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::encrypt_sk_scratch_space(&module, rank, ct_rgsw_lhs.size()) | GGSWCiphertext::external_product_inplace_scratch_space(&module, ct_rgsw_lhs.size(), ct_rgsw_rhs.size()), ); let mut sk: SecretKey> = SecretKey::new(&module, rank); sk.fill_ternary_prob(0.5, &mut source_xs); let mut sk_dft: SecretKeyFourier, FFT64> = SecretKeyFourier::new(&module, rank); sk_dft.dft(&module, &sk); ct_rgsw_rhs.encrypt_sk( &module, &pt_rgsw_rhs, &sk_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw_lhs.encrypt_sk( &module, &pt_rgsw_lhs, &sk_dft, &mut source_xa, &mut source_xe, sigma, bound, scratch.borrow(), ); ct_rgsw_lhs.external_product_inplace(&module, &ct_rgsw_rhs, scratch.borrow()); let mut ct_rlwe_dft: GLWECiphertextFourier, FFT64> = GLWECiphertextFourier::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs, rank); let mut pt: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs); let mut pt_dft: VecZnxDft, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_dft(1, ct_rgsw_lhs.size()); let mut pt_big: VecZnxBig, FFT64> = module.new_vec_znx_big(1, ct_rgsw_lhs.size()); let mut pt_want: GLWEPlaintext> = GLWEPlaintext::new(&module, log_base2k, log_k_rgsw_lhs); module.vec_znx_rotate_inplace(k as i64, &mut pt_rgsw_lhs, 0); (0..ct_rgsw_lhs.rank()).for_each(|col_j| { (0..ct_rgsw_lhs.rows()).for_each(|row_i| { module.vec_znx_add_scalar_inplace(&mut pt_want, 0, row_i, &pt_rgsw_lhs, 0); if col_j == 1 { module.vec_znx_dft(&mut pt_dft, 0, &pt_want, 0); module.svp_apply_inplace(&mut pt_dft, 0, &sk_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_idft_tmp_a(&mut pt_big, 0, &mut pt_dft, 0); module.vec_znx_big_normalize(log_base2k, &mut pt_want, 0, &pt_big, 0, scratch.borrow()); } ct_rgsw_lhs.get_row(&module, row_i, col_j, &mut ct_rlwe_dft); ct_rlwe_dft.decrypt(&module, &mut pt, &sk_dft, scratch.borrow()); module.vec_znx_sub_ab_inplace(&mut pt, 0, &pt_want, 0); let noise_have: f64 = pt.data.std(0, log_base2k).log2(); let var_gct_err_lhs: f64 = sigma * sigma; let var_gct_err_rhs: f64 = 0f64; let var_msg: f64 = 1f64 / module.n() as f64; // X^{k} let var_a0_err: f64 = sigma * sigma; let var_a1_err: f64 = 1f64 / 12f64; let noise_want: f64 = noise_rgsw_product( module.n() as f64, log_base2k, 0.5, var_msg, var_a0_err, var_a1_err, var_gct_err_lhs, var_gct_err_rhs, log_k_rgsw_lhs, log_k_rgsw_rhs, ); assert!( (noise_have - noise_want).abs() <= 0.1, "have: {} want: {}", noise_have, noise_want ); pt_want.data.zero(); }); }); } pub(crate) fn noise_rgsw_product( n: f64, log_base2k: usize, var_xs: f64, var_msg: f64, var_a0_err: f64, var_a1_err: f64, var_gct_err_lhs: f64, var_gct_err_rhs: f64, a_logq: usize, b_logq: usize, ) -> f64 { let a_logq: usize = a_logq.min(b_logq); let a_cols: usize = (a_logq + log_base2k - 1) / log_base2k; let b_scale = 2.0f64.powi(b_logq as i32); let a_scale: f64 = 2.0f64.powi((b_logq - a_logq) as i32); let base: f64 = (1 << (log_base2k)) as f64; let var_base: f64 = base * base / 12f64; // lhs = a_cols * n * (var_base * var_gct_err_lhs + var_e_a * var_msg * p^2) // rhs = a_cols * n * var_base * var_gct_err_rhs * var_xs let mut noise: f64 = 2.0 * (a_cols as f64) * n * var_base * (var_gct_err_lhs + var_xs * var_gct_err_rhs); noise += var_msg * var_a0_err * a_scale * a_scale * n; noise += var_msg * var_a1_err * a_scale * a_scale * n * var_xs; noise = noise.sqrt(); noise /= b_scale; noise.log2().min(-1.0) // max noise is [-2^{-1}, 2^{-1}] }