#![allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] use crate::constraints::{VerifierCircuit, VerifierConfig}; use crate::group::{Fq, Fr}; use crate::math::Math; use crate::parameters::poseidon_params; use crate::poseidon_transcript::{AppendToPoseidon, PoseidonTranscript}; use crate::sumcheck::SumcheckInstanceProof; use ark_bls12_377::Bls12_377 as I; use ark_bw6_761::BW6_761 as P; use ark_poly::MultilinearExtension; use ark_poly_commit::multilinear_pc::data_structures::{Commitment, Proof}; use ark_poly_commit::multilinear_pc::MultilinearPC; use super::commitments::MultiCommitGens; use super::dense_mlpoly::{DensePolynomial, EqPolynomial, PolyCommitmentGens}; use super::errors::ProofVerifyError; use super::r1csinstance::R1CSInstance; use super::scalar::Scalar; use super::sparse_mlpoly::{SparsePolyEntry, SparsePolynomial}; use super::timer::Timer; use ark_crypto_primitives::{CircuitSpecificSetupSNARK, SNARK}; use ark_groth16::Groth16; use ark_relations::r1cs::{ConstraintSynthesizer, ConstraintSystem}; use ark_serialize::*; use ark_std::{One, Zero}; use std::time::Instant; #[derive(CanonicalSerialize, CanonicalDeserialize, Debug)] pub struct R1CSProof { // The PST commitment to the multilinear extension of the witness. comm: Commitment, sc_proof_phase1: SumcheckInstanceProof, claims_phase2: (Scalar, Scalar, Scalar, Scalar), sc_proof_phase2: SumcheckInstanceProof, eval_vars_at_ry: Scalar, proof_eval_vars_at_ry: Proof, rx: Vec, ry: Vec, } #[derive(Clone)] pub struct R1CSSumcheckGens { gens_1: MultiCommitGens, gens_3: MultiCommitGens, gens_4: MultiCommitGens, } // TODO: fix passing gens_1_ref impl R1CSSumcheckGens { pub fn new(label: &'static [u8], gens_1_ref: &MultiCommitGens) -> Self { let gens_1 = gens_1_ref.clone(); let gens_3 = MultiCommitGens::new(3, label); let gens_4 = MultiCommitGens::new(4, label); R1CSSumcheckGens { gens_1, gens_3, gens_4, } } } #[derive(Clone)] pub struct R1CSGens { gens_sc: R1CSSumcheckGens, gens_pc: PolyCommitmentGens, } impl R1CSGens { pub fn new(label: &'static [u8], _num_cons: usize, num_vars: usize) -> Self { let num_poly_vars = num_vars.log_2(); let gens_pc = PolyCommitmentGens::new(num_poly_vars, label); let gens_sc = R1CSSumcheckGens::new(label, &gens_pc.gens.gens_1); R1CSGens { gens_sc, gens_pc } } } impl R1CSProof { fn prove_phase_one( num_rounds: usize, evals_tau: &mut DensePolynomial, evals_Az: &mut DensePolynomial, evals_Bz: &mut DensePolynomial, evals_Cz: &mut DensePolynomial, transcript: &mut PoseidonTranscript, ) -> (SumcheckInstanceProof, Vec, Vec) { let comb_func = |poly_tau_comp: &Scalar, poly_A_comp: &Scalar, poly_B_comp: &Scalar, poly_C_comp: &Scalar| -> Scalar { (*poly_tau_comp) * ((*poly_A_comp) * poly_B_comp - poly_C_comp) }; let (sc_proof_phase_one, r, claims) = SumcheckInstanceProof::prove_cubic_with_additive_term( &Scalar::zero(), // claim is zero num_rounds, evals_tau, evals_Az, evals_Bz, evals_Cz, comb_func, transcript, ); (sc_proof_phase_one, r, claims) } fn prove_phase_two( num_rounds: usize, claim: &Scalar, evals_z: &mut DensePolynomial, evals_ABC: &mut DensePolynomial, transcript: &mut PoseidonTranscript, ) -> (SumcheckInstanceProof, Vec, Vec) { let comb_func = |poly_A_comp: &Scalar, poly_B_comp: &Scalar| -> Scalar { (*poly_A_comp) * poly_B_comp }; let (sc_proof_phase_two, r, claims) = SumcheckInstanceProof::prove_quad( claim, num_rounds, evals_z, evals_ABC, comb_func, transcript, ); (sc_proof_phase_two, r, claims) } fn protocol_name() -> &'static [u8] { b"R1CS proof" } pub fn prove( inst: &R1CSInstance, vars: Vec, input: &[Scalar], gens: &R1CSGens, transcript: &mut PoseidonTranscript, ) -> (R1CSProof, Vec, Vec) { let timer_prove = Timer::new("R1CSProof::prove"); // we currently require the number of |inputs| + 1 to be at most number of vars assert!(input.len() < vars.len()); // create the multilinear witness polynomial from the satisfying assiment let poly_vars = DensePolynomial::new(vars.clone()); let timer_commit = Timer::new("polycommit"); // commitment to the satisfying witness polynomial let comm = MultilinearPC::::commit(&gens.gens_pc.ck, &poly_vars); comm.append_to_poseidon(transcript); timer_commit.stop(); let c = transcript.challenge_scalar(); transcript.new_from_state(&c); transcript.append_scalar_vector(input); let timer_sc_proof_phase1 = Timer::new("prove_sc_phase_one"); // append input to variables to create a single vector z let z = { let num_inputs = input.len(); let num_vars = vars.len(); let mut z = vars; z.extend(&vec![Scalar::one()]); // add constant term in z z.extend(input); z.extend(&vec![Scalar::zero(); num_vars - num_inputs - 1]); // we will pad with zeros z }; // derive the verifier's challenge tau let (num_rounds_x, num_rounds_y) = (inst.get_num_cons().log_2(), z.len().log_2()); let tau = transcript.challenge_vector(num_rounds_x); // compute the initial evaluation table for R(\tau, x) let mut poly_tau = DensePolynomial::new(EqPolynomial::new(tau).evals()); let (mut poly_Az, mut poly_Bz, mut poly_Cz) = inst.multiply_vec(inst.get_num_cons(), z.len(), &z); let (sc_proof_phase1, rx, _claims_phase1) = R1CSProof::prove_phase_one( num_rounds_x, &mut poly_tau, &mut poly_Az, &mut poly_Bz, &mut poly_Cz, transcript, ); assert_eq!(poly_tau.len(), 1); assert_eq!(poly_Az.len(), 1); assert_eq!(poly_Bz.len(), 1); assert_eq!(poly_Cz.len(), 1); timer_sc_proof_phase1.stop(); let (tau_claim, Az_claim, Bz_claim, Cz_claim) = (&poly_tau[0], &poly_Az[0], &poly_Bz[0], &poly_Cz[0]); let prod_Az_Bz_claims = (*Az_claim) * Bz_claim; // prove the final step of sum-check #1 let taus_bound_rx = tau_claim; let _claim_post_phase1 = ((*Az_claim) * Bz_claim - Cz_claim) * taus_bound_rx; let timer_sc_proof_phase2 = Timer::new("prove_sc_phase_two"); // combine the three claims into a single claim let r_A = transcript.challenge_scalar(); let r_B = transcript.challenge_scalar(); let r_C = transcript.challenge_scalar(); let claim_phase2 = r_A * Az_claim + r_B * Bz_claim + r_C * Cz_claim; let evals_ABC = { // compute the initial evaluation table for R(\tau, x) let evals_rx = EqPolynomial::new(rx.clone()).evals(); let (evals_A, evals_B, evals_C) = inst.compute_eval_table_sparse(inst.get_num_cons(), z.len(), &evals_rx); assert_eq!(evals_A.len(), evals_B.len()); assert_eq!(evals_A.len(), evals_C.len()); (0..evals_A.len()) .map(|i| r_A * evals_A[i] + r_B * evals_B[i] + r_C * evals_C[i]) .collect::>() }; // another instance of the sum-check protocol let (sc_proof_phase2, ry, _claims_phase2) = R1CSProof::prove_phase_two( num_rounds_y, &claim_phase2, &mut DensePolynomial::new(z), &mut DensePolynomial::new(evals_ABC), transcript, ); timer_sc_proof_phase2.stop(); // TODO: modify the polynomial evaluation in Spartan to be consistent // with the evaluation in ark-poly-commit so that reversing is not needed // anymore let timmer_opening = Timer::new("polyopening"); let mut dummy = ry[1..].to_vec().clone(); dummy.reverse(); let proof_eval_vars_at_ry = MultilinearPC::::open(&gens.gens_pc.ck, &poly_vars, &dummy); println!( "proof size (no of quotients): {:?}", proof_eval_vars_at_ry.proofs.len() ); timmer_opening.stop(); let timer_polyeval = Timer::new("polyeval"); let eval_vars_at_ry = poly_vars.evaluate(&ry[1..]); timer_polyeval.stop(); timer_prove.stop(); ( R1CSProof { comm, sc_proof_phase1, claims_phase2: (*Az_claim, *Bz_claim, *Cz_claim, prod_Az_Bz_claims), sc_proof_phase2, eval_vars_at_ry, proof_eval_vars_at_ry, rx: rx.clone(), ry: ry.clone(), }, rx, ry, ) } pub fn verify_groth16( &self, num_vars: usize, num_cons: usize, input: &[Scalar], evals: &(Scalar, Scalar, Scalar), transcript: &mut PoseidonTranscript, gens: &R1CSGens, ) -> Result<(u128, u128, u128), ProofVerifyError> { self.comm.append_to_poseidon(transcript); let c = transcript.challenge_scalar(); let mut input_as_sparse_poly_entries = vec![SparsePolyEntry::new(0, Scalar::one())]; //remaining inputs input_as_sparse_poly_entries.extend( (0..input.len()) .map(|i| SparsePolyEntry::new(i + 1, input[i])) .collect::>(), ); let n = num_vars; let input_as_sparse_poly = SparsePolynomial::new(n.log_2() as usize, input_as_sparse_poly_entries); let config = VerifierConfig { num_vars, num_cons, input: input.to_vec(), evals: *evals, params: poseidon_params(), prev_challenge: c, claims_phase2: self.claims_phase2, polys_sc1: self.sc_proof_phase1.polys.clone(), polys_sc2: self.sc_proof_phase2.polys.clone(), eval_vars_at_ry: self.eval_vars_at_ry, input_as_sparse_poly, // rx: self.rx.clone(), ry: self.ry.clone(), }; let mut rng = ark_std::test_rng(); let prove_inner = Timer::new("proveinnercircuit"); let start = Instant::now(); let circuit = VerifierCircuit::new(&config, &mut rng).unwrap(); let dp1 = start.elapsed().as_millis(); prove_inner.stop(); let start = Instant::now(); let (pk, vk) = Groth16::

::setup(circuit.clone(), &mut rng).unwrap(); let ds = start.elapsed().as_millis(); let prove_outer = Timer::new("proveoutercircuit"); let start = Instant::now(); let proof = Groth16::

::prove(&pk, circuit, &mut rng).unwrap(); let dp2 = start.elapsed().as_millis(); prove_outer.stop(); let start = Instant::now(); let is_verified = Groth16::

::verify(&vk, &[], &proof).unwrap(); assert!(is_verified); let timer_verification = Timer::new("commitverification"); let mut dummy = self.ry[1..].to_vec(); // TODO: ensure ark-poly-commit and Spartan produce consistent results // when evaluating a polynomial at a given point so this reverse is not // needed. dummy.reverse(); // Verifies the proof of opening against the result of evaluating the // witness polynomial at point ry. let res = MultilinearPC::::check( &gens.gens_pc.vk, &self.comm, &dummy, self.eval_vars_at_ry, &self.proof_eval_vars_at_ry, ); timer_verification.stop(); assert!(res == true); let dv = start.elapsed().as_millis(); Ok((ds, dp1 + dp2, dv)) } // Helper function to find the number of constraint in the circuit which // requires executing it. pub fn circuit_size( &self, num_vars: usize, num_cons: usize, input: &[Scalar], evals: &(Scalar, Scalar, Scalar), transcript: &mut PoseidonTranscript, gens: &R1CSGens, ) -> Result { self.comm.append_to_poseidon(transcript); let c = transcript.challenge_scalar(); let mut input_as_sparse_poly_entries = vec![SparsePolyEntry::new(0, Scalar::one())]; //remaining inputs input_as_sparse_poly_entries.extend( (0..input.len()) .map(|i| SparsePolyEntry::new(i + 1, input[i])) .collect::>(), ); let n = num_vars; let input_as_sparse_poly = SparsePolynomial::new(n.log_2() as usize, input_as_sparse_poly_entries); let config = VerifierConfig { num_vars, num_cons, input: input.to_vec(), evals: *evals, params: poseidon_params(), prev_challenge: c, claims_phase2: self.claims_phase2, polys_sc1: self.sc_proof_phase1.polys.clone(), polys_sc2: self.sc_proof_phase2.polys.clone(), eval_vars_at_ry: self.eval_vars_at_ry, input_as_sparse_poly, // rx: self.rx.clone(), ry: self.ry.clone(), }; let mut rng = ark_std::test_rng(); let circuit = VerifierCircuit::new(&config, &mut rng).unwrap(); let nc_inner = verify_constraints_inner(circuit.clone(), &num_cons); let nc_outer = verify_constraints_outer(circuit, &num_cons); Ok(nc_inner + nc_outer) } } fn verify_constraints_outer(circuit: VerifierCircuit, _num_cons: &usize) -> usize { let cs = ConstraintSystem::::new_ref(); circuit.generate_constraints(cs.clone()).unwrap(); assert!(cs.is_satisfied().unwrap()); cs.num_constraints() } fn verify_constraints_inner(circuit: VerifierCircuit, _num_cons: &usize) -> usize { let cs = ConstraintSystem::::new_ref(); circuit .inner_circuit .generate_constraints(cs.clone()) .unwrap(); assert!(cs.is_satisfied().unwrap()); cs.num_constraints() } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::parameters::poseidon_params; use super::*; use ark_std::UniformRand; fn produce_tiny_r1cs() -> (R1CSInstance, Vec, Vec) { // three constraints over five variables Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z5 // rounded to the nearest power of two let num_cons = 128; let num_vars = 256; let num_inputs = 2; // encode the above constraints into three matrices let mut A: Vec<(usize, usize, Scalar)> = Vec::new(); let mut B: Vec<(usize, usize, Scalar)> = Vec::new(); let mut C: Vec<(usize, usize, Scalar)> = Vec::new(); let one = Scalar::one(); // constraint 0 entries // (Z1 + Z2) * I0 - Z3 = 0; A.push((0, 0, one)); A.push((0, 1, one)); B.push((0, num_vars + 1, one)); C.push((0, 2, one)); // constraint 1 entries // (Z1 + I1) * (Z3) - Z4 = 0 A.push((1, 0, one)); A.push((1, num_vars + 2, one)); B.push((1, 2, one)); C.push((1, 3, one)); // constraint 3 entries // Z5 * 1 - 0 = 0 A.push((2, 4, one)); B.push((2, num_vars, one)); let inst = R1CSInstance::new(num_cons, num_vars, num_inputs, &A, &B, &C); // compute a satisfying assignment let mut rng = ark_std::rand::thread_rng(); let i0 = Scalar::rand(&mut rng); let i1 = Scalar::rand(&mut rng); let z1 = Scalar::rand(&mut rng); let z2 = Scalar::rand(&mut rng); let z3 = (z1 + z2) * i0; // constraint 1: (Z1 + Z2) * I0 - Z3 = 0; let z4 = (z1 + i1) * z3; // constraint 2: (Z1 + I1) * (Z3) - Z4 = 0 let z5 = Scalar::zero(); //constraint 3 let mut vars = vec![Scalar::zero(); num_vars]; vars[0] = z1; vars[1] = z2; vars[2] = z3; vars[3] = z4; vars[4] = z5; let mut input = vec![Scalar::zero(); num_inputs]; input[0] = i0; input[1] = i1; (inst, vars, input) } #[test] fn test_tiny_r1cs() { let (inst, vars, input) = tests::produce_tiny_r1cs(); let is_sat = inst.is_sat(&vars, &input); assert!(is_sat); } #[test] fn test_synthetic_r1cs() { let (inst, vars, input) = R1CSInstance::produce_synthetic_r1cs(1024, 1024, 10); let is_sat = inst.is_sat(&vars, &input); assert!(is_sat); } #[test] pub fn check_r1cs_proof() { let num_vars = 1024; let num_cons = num_vars; let num_inputs = 10; let (inst, vars, input) = R1CSInstance::produce_synthetic_r1cs(num_cons, num_vars, num_inputs); let gens = R1CSGens::new(b"test-m", num_cons, num_vars); let params = poseidon_params(); // let mut random_tape = RandomTape::new(b"proof"); let mut prover_transcript = PoseidonTranscript::new(¶ms); let (proof, rx, ry) = R1CSProof::prove(&inst, vars, &input, &gens, &mut prover_transcript); let inst_evals = inst.evaluate(&rx, &ry); let mut verifier_transcript = PoseidonTranscript::new(¶ms); // if you want to check the test fails // input[0] = Scalar::zero(); assert!(proof .verify_groth16( inst.get_num_vars(), inst.get_num_cons(), &input, &inst_evals, &mut verifier_transcript, &gens, ) .is_ok()); } }