arnaucube
arnaucube/arboPublic Self-hosted repository
Add dbgStats metrics

Add dbgStats metrics to analyze number of Hashes, db Gets, and db Puts.

Current benchmarks:
```
CASE A, AddBatch was 8.841700 times faster than without AddBatch
	nCPU: 4, nLeafs: 1024, hash: Poseidon, db: memory
	dbgStats(hash: 2.044k, dbGet: 1, dbPut: 2.049k)
CASE B, AddBatch was 7.678766 times faster than without AddBatch
	nCPU: 4, nLeafs: 1024, hash: Poseidon, db: memory
	dbgStats(hash: 2.044k, dbGet: 199, dbPut: 2.049k)
CASE C, AddBatch was 8.401087 times faster than without AddBatch
	nCPU: 4, nLeafs: 1024, hash: Poseidon, db: memory
	dbgStats(hash: 2.044k, dbGet: 207, dbPut: 2.049k)
CASE D, AddBatch was 2.466346 times faster than without AddBatch
	nCPU: 4, nLeafs: 4096, hash: Poseidon, db: memory
	dbgStats(hash: 33.884k, dbGet: 30.697k, dbPut: 33.889k)
CASE E, AddBatch was 1.958160 times faster than without AddBatch
	nCPU: 4, nLeafs: 4096, hash: Poseidon, db: memory
	dbgStats(hash: 41.419k, dbGet: 37.558k, dbPut: 41.874k)
TestAddBatchBench: nCPU: 4, nLeafs: 50000, hash: Blake2b, db: leveldb
	Add loop:	10.089858449s
		dbgStats(hash: 825.285k, dbGet: 788.869k, dbPut: 925.285k)
	AddBatch:	904.647829ms
		dbgStats(hash: 122.458k, dbGet: 1, dbPut: 122.463k)
TestDbgStats
	add in loop    dbgStats(hash: 141.915k, dbGet: 134.602k, dbPut: 161.915k)
	addbatch caseA dbgStats(hash: 24.528k, dbGet: 1, dbPut: 24.533k)
	addbatch caseD dbgStats(hash: 115.506k, dbGet: 97.482k, dbPut: 115.516k)
```
arnaucube root@arnaucube.com
Sun, 23 May 2021 16:19:04 +0200
commit

4167583b8d7fde9d72e8f31788cf92affcbf1992

parent

2a57e223effee0deebd5ea8c9fcd80f0de0be10e

5 files changed, 304 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

jump to
M addbatch.go → addbatch.go 
@@ -153,10 +153,6 @@ t.updateAccessTime()
 	t.Lock()
 	defer t.Unlock()
 
-	// when len(keyvalues) is not a power of 2, cut at the biggest power of
-	// 2 under the len(keys), add those 2**n key-values using the AddBatch
-	// approach, and then add the remaining key-values using tree.Add.
-
 	kvs, err := t.keysValuesToKvs(keys, values)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

@@ -258,7 +254,7 @@ }
 
 func (t *Tree) finalizeAddBatch(nKeys int, invalids []int) ([]int, error) {
 	// store root to db
-	if err := t.tx.Put(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
+	if err := t.dbPut(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 

@@ -275,7 +271,7 @@ return invalids, nil
 }
 
 func (t *Tree) caseA(nCPU int, kvs []kv) ([]int, error) {
-	invalids, err := t.buildTreeBottomUp(nCPU, kvs)
+	invalids, err := t.buildTreeFromLeafs(nCPU, kvs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

@@ -301,17 +297,18 @@ sortKvs(kvs)
 
 	var invalids2 []int
 	if nCPU > 1 {
-		invalids2, err = t.buildTreeBottomUp(nCPU, kvs)
+		invalids2, err = t.buildTreeFromLeafs(nCPU, kvs)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		invalids2, err = t.buildTreeBottomUpSingleThread(l, kvs)
+		invalids2, err = t.buildTreeFromLeafsSingleThread(l, kvs)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	invalids = append(invalids, invalids2...)
+
 	return invalids, nil
 }
 

@@ -323,6 +320,7 @@ buckets := splitInBuckets(kvs, nCPU)
 
 	// 2. use keys at level L as roots of the subtrees under each one
 	subRoots := make([][]byte, nCPU)
+	dbgStatsPerBucket := make([]*dbgStats, nCPU)
 	txs := make([]db.Tx, nCPU)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(nCPU)

@@ -337,7 +335,8 @@ if err := txs[cpu].Add(t.tx); err != nil {
 				panic(err) // TODO
 			}
 			bucketTree := Tree{tx: txs[cpu], db: t.db, maxLevels: t.maxLevels,
-				hashFunction: t.hashFunction, root: keysAtL[cpu]}
+				hashFunction: t.hashFunction, root: keysAtL[cpu],
+				emptyHash: t.emptyHash, dbg: newDbgStats()}
 
 			// 3. do CASE B (with 1 cpu) for each key at level L
 			_, err = bucketTree.caseB(1, l, buckets[cpu]) // TODO handle invalids

@@ -346,6 +345,7 @@ panic(err) // TODO WIP
 				// return nil, err
 			}
 			subRoots[cpu] = bucketTree.root
+			dbgStatsPerBucket[cpu] = bucketTree.dbg
 			wg.Done()
 		}(i)
 	}

@@ -372,6 +372,11 @@ if err = t.add(0, excedents[i].k, excedents[i].v); err != nil {
 			invalids = append(invalids, excedents[i].pos)
 		}
 	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(dbgStatsPerBucket); i++ {
+		t.dbg.add(dbgStatsPerBucket[i])
+	}
+
 	return invalids, nil
 }
 

@@ -390,6 +395,7 @@ buckets := splitInBuckets(kvs, nCPU)
 
 	subRoots := make([][]byte, nCPU)
 	invalidsInBucket := make([][]int, nCPU)
+	dbgStatsPerBucket := make([]*dbgStats, nCPU)
 	txs := make([]db.Tx, nCPU)
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup

@@ -409,7 +415,8 @@ panic(err) // TODO WIP
 			}
 
 			bucketTree := Tree{tx: txs[cpu], db: t.db, maxLevels: t.maxLevels - l,
-				hashFunction: t.hashFunction, root: keysAtL[cpu]}
+				hashFunction: t.hashFunction, root: keysAtL[cpu],
+				emptyHash: t.emptyHash, dbg: newDbgStats()}
 
 			for j := 0; j < len(buckets[cpu]); j++ {
 				if err = bucketTree.add(l, buckets[cpu][j].k, buckets[cpu][j].v); err != nil {

@@ -417,6 +424,7 @@ invalidsInBucket[cpu] = append(invalidsInBucket[cpu], buckets[cpu][j].pos)
 				}
 			}
 			subRoots[cpu] = bucketTree.root
+			dbgStatsPerBucket[cpu] = bucketTree.dbg
 			wg.Done()
 		}(i)
 	}

@@ -438,6 +446,10 @@
 	var invalids []int
 	for i := 0; i < len(invalidsInBucket); i++ {
 		invalids = append(invalids, invalidsInBucket[i]...)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(dbgStatsPerBucket); i++ {
+		t.dbg.add(dbgStatsPerBucket[i])
 	}
 
 	return invalids, nil

@@ -539,17 +551,18 @@ return ks, vs
 }
 */
 
-// buildTreeBottomUp splits the key-values into n Buckets (where n is the number
+// buildTreeFromLeafs splits the key-values into n Buckets (where n is the number
 // of CPUs), in parallel builds a subtree for each bucket, once all the subtrees
 // are built, uses the subtrees roots as keys for a new tree, which as result
 // will have the complete Tree build from bottom to up, where until the
 // log2(nCPU) level it has been computed in parallel.
-func (t *Tree) buildTreeBottomUp(nCPU int, kvs []kv) ([]int, error) {
+func (t *Tree) buildTreeFromLeafs(nCPU int, kvs []kv) ([]int, error) {
 	l := int(math.Log2(float64(nCPU)))
 	buckets := splitInBuckets(kvs, nCPU)
 
 	subRoots := make([][]byte, nCPU)
 	invalidsInBucket := make([][]int, nCPU)
+	dbgStatsPerBucket := make([]*dbgStats, nCPU)
 	txs := make([]db.Tx, nCPU)
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup

@@ -567,14 +580,16 @@ if err := txs[cpu].Add(t.tx); err != nil {
 				panic(err) // TODO
 			}
 			bucketTree := Tree{tx: txs[cpu], db: t.db, maxLevels: t.maxLevels,
-				hashFunction: t.hashFunction, root: t.emptyHash}
+				hashFunction: t.hashFunction, root: t.emptyHash,
+				emptyHash: t.emptyHash, dbg: newDbgStats()}
 
-			currInvalids, err := bucketTree.buildTreeBottomUpSingleThread(l, buckets[cpu])
+			currInvalids, err := bucketTree.buildTreeFromLeafsSingleThread(l, buckets[cpu])
 			if err != nil {
 				panic(err) // TODO
 			}
 			invalidsInBucket[cpu] = currInvalids
 			subRoots[cpu] = bucketTree.root
+			dbgStatsPerBucket[cpu] = bucketTree.dbg
 			wg.Done()
 		}(i)
 	}

@@ -598,12 +613,16 @@ for i := 0; i < len(invalidsInBucket); i++ {
 		invalids = append(invalids, invalidsInBucket[i]...)
 	}
 
+	for i := 0; i < len(dbgStatsPerBucket); i++ {
+		t.dbg.add(dbgStatsPerBucket[i])
+	}
+
 	return invalids, err
 }
 
-// buildTreeBottomUpSingleThread builds the tree with the given []kv from bottom
+// buildTreeFromLeafsSingleThread builds the tree with the given []kv from bottom
 // to the root
-func (t *Tree) buildTreeBottomUpSingleThread(l int, kvsRaw []kv) ([]int, error) {
+func (t *Tree) buildTreeFromLeafsSingleThread(l int, kvsRaw []kv) ([]int, error) {
 	// TODO check that log2(len(leafs)) < t.maxLevels, if not, maxLevels
 	// would be reached and should return error
 	if len(kvsRaw) == 0 {

@@ -611,23 +630,27 @@ return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	vt := newVT(t.maxLevels, t.hashFunction)
+	if t.dbg != nil {
+		vt.params.dbg = newDbgStats()
+	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(kvsRaw); i++ {
 		if err := vt.add(l, kvsRaw[i].k, kvsRaw[i].v); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-
 	pairs, err := vt.computeHashes()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	// store pairs in db
 	for i := 0; i < len(pairs); i++ {
-		if err := t.tx.Put(pairs[i][0], pairs[i][1]); err != nil {
+		if err := t.dbPut(pairs[i][0], pairs[i][1]); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
+	t.dbg.add(vt.params.dbg)
 
 	// set tree.root from the virtual tree root
 	t.root = vt.root.h

@@ -654,7 +677,7 @@ if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		// store k-v to db
-		if err = t.tx.Put(k, v); err != nil {
+		if err = t.dbPut(k, v); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		rKs = append(rKs, k)

@@ -727,9 +750,25 @@ }
 	return r, invalids
 }
 
-// TODO WIP
-// func loadDBTreeToVirtualTree() error {
-//         return nil
+// loadVT loads a new virtual tree (vt) from the current Tree, which contains
+// the same leafs.
+// func (t *Tree) loadVT() (vt, error) {
+//         vt := newVT(t.maxLevels, t.hashFunction)
+//         vt.params.dbg = t.dbg
+//         err := t.Iterate(func(k, v []byte) {
+//                 switch v[0] {
+//                 case PrefixValueEmpty:
+//                 case PrefixValueLeaf:
+//                         leafK, leafV := ReadLeafValue(v)
+//                         if err := vt.add(0, leafK, leafV); err != nil {
+//                                 panic(err)
+//                         }
+//                 case PrefixValueIntermediate:
+//                 default:
+//                 }
+//         })
+//
+//         return vt, err
 // }
 
 // func computeSimpleAddCost(nLeafs int) int {

@@ -738,7 +777,7 @@ //         nLvls := int(math.Log2(float64(nLeafs)))
 //         return nLvls * int(math.Pow(2, float64(nLvls)))
 // }
 //
-// func computeBottomUpAddCost(nLeafs int) int {
+// func computeFromLeafsAddCost(nLeafs int) int {
 //         // 2^nLvls * 2 - 1
 //         nLvls := int(math.Log2(float64(nLeafs)))
 //         return (int(math.Pow(2, float64(nLvls))) * 2) - 1
M addbatch_test.go → addbatch_test.go 
@@ -14,7 +14,20 @@ "github.com/iden3/go-merkletree/db/leveldb"
 	"github.com/iden3/go-merkletree/db/memory"
 )
 
-var debug = true
+var debug = false
+
+func printTestContext(prefix string, nLeafs int, hashName, dbName string) {
+	if debug {
+		fmt.Printf("%snCPU: %d, nLeafs: %d, hash: %s, db: %s\n",
+			prefix, runtime.NumCPU(), nLeafs, hashName, dbName)
+	}
+}
+
+func printRes(name string, duration time.Duration) {
+	if debug {
+		fmt.Printf("%s:	%s \n", name, duration)
+	}
+}
 
 func debugTime(descr string, time1, time2 time.Duration) {
 	if debug {

@@ -69,6 +82,7 @@
 	tree2, err := NewTree(memory.NewMemoryStorage(), 100, HashFunctionPoseidon)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	defer tree2.db.Close()
+	tree2.dbgInit()
 
 	var keys, values [][]byte
 	for i := 0; i < nLeafs; i++ {

@@ -81,7 +95,11 @@ start = time.Now()
 	indexes, err := tree2.AddBatch(keys, values)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	time2 := time.Since(start)
-	debugTime("CASE A, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+	if debug {
+		debugTime("CASE A, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+		printTestContext("	", nLeafs, "Poseidon", "memory")
+		tree2.dbg.print("	")
+	}
 	c.Check(len(indexes), qt.Equals, 0)
 
 	// check that both trees roots are equal

@@ -133,7 +151,7 @@ }
 	return b
 }
 
-func TestBuildTreeBottomUpSingleThread(t *testing.T) {
+func TestBuildTreeFromLeafsSingleThread(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)
 	tree1, err := NewTree(memory.NewMemoryStorage(), 100, HashFunctionBlake2b)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)

@@ -169,8 +187,8 @@ sortKvs(kvs)
 
 	tree2.tx, err = tree2.db.NewTx()
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	// indexes, err := tree2.buildTreeBottomUpSingleThread(kvs)
-	indexes, err := tree2.buildTreeBottomUp(4, kvs)
+	// indexes, err := tree2.buildTreeFromLeafsSingleThread(kvs)
+	indexes, err := tree2.buildTreeFromLeafs(4, kvs)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	// tree1.PrintGraphviz(nil)
 	// tree2.PrintGraphviz(nil)

@@ -280,6 +298,7 @@ nLeafs := 1024
 	initialNLeafs := 99 // TMP TODO use const minLeafsThreshold-1 once ready
 
 	tree1, tree2 := testInit(c, initialNLeafs)
+	tree2.dbgInit()
 
 	start := time.Now()
 	for i := initialNLeafs; i < nLeafs; i++ {

@@ -303,7 +322,11 @@ start = time.Now()
 	indexes, err := tree2.AddBatch(keys, values)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	time2 := time.Since(start)
-	debugTime("CASE B, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+	if debug {
+		debugTime("CASE B, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+		printTestContext("	", nLeafs, "Poseidon", "memory")
+		tree2.dbg.print("	")
+	}
 	c.Check(len(indexes), qt.Equals, 0)
 
 	// check that both trees roots are equal

@@ -500,6 +523,7 @@ nLeafs := 1024
 	initialNLeafs := 101 // TMP TODO use const minLeafsThreshold+1 once ready
 
 	tree1, tree2 := testInit(c, initialNLeafs)
+	tree2.dbgInit()
 
 	start := time.Now()
 	for i := initialNLeafs; i < nLeafs; i++ {

@@ -523,7 +547,11 @@ start = time.Now()
 	indexes, err := tree2.AddBatch(keys, values)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	time2 := time.Since(start)
-	debugTime("CASE C, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+	if debug {
+		debugTime("CASE C, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+		printTestContext("	", nLeafs, "Poseidon", "memory")
+		tree2.dbg.print("	")
+	}
 	c.Check(len(indexes), qt.Equals, 0)
 
 	// check that both trees roots are equal

@@ -537,6 +565,7 @@ nLeafs := 4096
 	initialNLeafs := 900
 
 	tree1, tree2 := testInit(c, initialNLeafs)
+	tree2.dbgInit()
 
 	start := time.Now()
 	for i := initialNLeafs; i < nLeafs; i++ {

@@ -560,7 +589,11 @@ start = time.Now()
 	indexes, err := tree2.AddBatch(keys, values)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	time2 := time.Since(start)
-	debugTime("CASE D, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+	if debug {
+		debugTime("CASE D, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+		printTestContext("	", nLeafs, "Poseidon", "memory")
+		tree2.dbg.print("	")
+	}
 	c.Check(len(indexes), qt.Equals, 0)
 
 	// check that both trees roots are equal

@@ -588,6 +621,7 @@
 	tree2, err := NewTree(memory.NewMemoryStorage(), 100, HashFunctionPoseidon)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	defer tree2.db.Close()
+	tree2.dbgInit()
 
 	var keys, values [][]byte
 	// add the initial leafs to fill a bit the tree before calling the

@@ -617,7 +651,11 @@ start = time.Now()
 	indexes, err := tree2.AddBatch(keys, values)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	time2 := time.Since(start)
-	debugTime("CASE E, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+	if debug {
+		debugTime("CASE E, AddBatch", time1, time2)
+		printTestContext("	", nLeafs, "Poseidon", "memory")
+		tree2.dbg.print("	")
+	}
 	c.Check(len(indexes), qt.Equals, 0)
 
 	// check that both trees roots are equal

@@ -636,8 +674,7 @@ }
 
 func TestAddBatchBench(t *testing.T) {
 	nLeafs := 50_000
-	fmt.Printf("TestAddBatchBench\n	nCPU: %d, nLeafs: %d, hash: Blake2b, db: leveldb\n",
-		runtime.NumCPU(), nLeafs)
+	printTestContext("TestAddBatchBench: ", nLeafs, "Blake2b", "leveldb")
 
 	// prepare inputs
 	var ks, vs [][]byte

@@ -662,12 +699,16 @@ c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	tree, err := NewTree(storage, 140, HashFunctionBlake2b)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 
+	if debug {
+		tree.dbgInit()
+	}
 	start := time.Now()
 	for i := 0; i < len(ks); i++ {
 		err = tree.Add(ks[i], vs[i])
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	}
 	printRes("	Add loop", time.Since(start))
+	tree.dbg.print("		")
 }
 
 func benchAddBatch(t *testing.T, ks, vs [][]byte) {

@@ -679,16 +720,80 @@ c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	tree, err := NewTree(storage, 140, HashFunctionBlake2b)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 
+	if debug {
+		tree.dbgInit()
+	}
 	start := time.Now()
 	invalids, err := tree.AddBatch(ks, vs)
 	printRes("	AddBatch", time.Since(start))
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(len(invalids), qt.Equals, 0)
+	tree.dbg.print("		")
 }
 
-func printRes(name string, duration time.Duration) {
+func TestDbgStats(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	nLeafs := 10_000
+
+	// prepare inputs
+	var ks, vs [][]byte
+	for i := 0; i < nLeafs; i++ {
+		k := randomBytes(32)
+		v := randomBytes(32)
+		ks = append(ks, k)
+		vs = append(vs, v)
+	}
+
+	// 1
+	tree1, err := NewTree(memory.NewMemoryStorage(), 100, HashFunctionBlake2b)
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	defer tree1.db.Close()
+
+	tree1.dbgInit()
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(ks); i++ {
+		err = tree1.Add(ks[i], vs[i])
+		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	}
+
+	// 2
+	tree2, err := NewTree(memory.NewMemoryStorage(), 100, HashFunctionBlake2b)
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	defer tree2.db.Close()
+
+	tree2.dbgInit()
+
+	invalids, err := tree2.AddBatch(ks, vs)
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(len(invalids), qt.Equals, 0)
+
+	// 3
+	tree3, err := NewTree(memory.NewMemoryStorage(), 100, HashFunctionBlake2b)
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	defer tree3.db.Close()
+
+	tree3.dbgInit()
+
+	// add few key-values
+	// invalids, err = tree3.AddBatch(ks[:], vs[:])
+	invalids, err = tree3.AddBatch(ks[:1000], vs[:1000])
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(len(invalids), qt.Equals, 0)
+
+	// add the rest of key-values
+	invalids, err = tree3.AddBatch(ks[1000:], vs[1000:])
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(len(invalids), qt.Equals, 0)
+
+	c.Check(tree2.Root(), qt.DeepEquals, tree1.Root())
+	c.Check(tree3.Root(), qt.DeepEquals, tree1.Root())
+
 	if debug {
-		fmt.Printf("	%s:	%s \n", name, duration)
+		fmt.Println("TestDbgStats")
+		tree1.dbg.print("	add in loop    ")
+		tree2.dbg.print("	addbatch caseA ")
+		tree3.dbg.print("	addbatch caseD ")
 	}
 }
 

@@ -714,10 +819,10 @@ // }
 
 // func TestComputeCosts(t *testing.T) {
 //         fmt.Println(computeSimpleAddCost(10))
-//         fmt.Println(computeBottomUpAddCost(10))
+//         fmt.Println(computeFromLeafsAddCost(10))
 //
 //         fmt.Println(computeSimpleAddCost(1024))
-//         fmt.Println(computeBottomUpAddCost(1024))
+//         fmt.Println(computeFromLeafsAddCost(1024))
 // }
 
 // TODO test tree with nLeafs > minLeafsThreshold, but that at level L, there is
A dbg.go 
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package arbo
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// dbgStats is for debug purposes
+type dbgStats struct {
+	hash  int
+	dbGet int
+	dbPut int
+}
+
+func (t *Tree) dbgInit() {
+	t.dbg = newDbgStats()
+}
+
+func newDbgStats() *dbgStats {
+	return &dbgStats{
+		hash:  0,
+		dbGet: 0,
+		dbPut: 0,
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *dbgStats) incHash() {
+	if d == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	d.hash++
+}
+
+func (d *dbgStats) incDbGet() {
+	if d == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	d.dbGet++
+}
+
+func (d *dbgStats) incDbPut() {
+	if d == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	d.dbPut++
+}
+
+func (d *dbgStats) add(d2 *dbgStats) {
+	if d == nil || d2 == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	d.hash += d2.hash
+	d.dbGet += d2.dbGet
+	d.dbPut += d2.dbPut
+}
+
+func (d *dbgStats) print(prefix string) {
+	if d == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("%sdbgStats(hash: %s, dbGet: %s, dbPut: %s)\n",
+		prefix, formatK(d.hash), formatK(d.dbGet), formatK(d.dbPut))
+}
+
+func formatK(v int) string {
+	if v/1000 > 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.3fk", float64(v)/1000) //nolint:gomnd
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", v)
+}
M tree.go → tree.go 
@@ -57,7 +57,11 @@ maxLevels  int
 	root       []byte
 
 	hashFunction HashFunction
-	emptyHash    []byte
+	// TODO in the methods that use it, check if emptyHash param is len>0
+	// (check if it has been initialized)
+	emptyHash []byte
+
+	dbg *dbgStats
 }
 
 // NewTree returns a new Tree, if there is a Tree still in the given storage, it

@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		t.root = t.emptyHash
-		if err = t.tx.Put(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
+		if err = t.dbPut(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		if err = t.setNLeafs(0); err != nil {

@@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	// store root to db
-	if err := t.tx.Put(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
+	if err := t.dbPut(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	// update nLeafs

@@ -156,12 +160,12 @@ if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	leafKey, leafValue, err := newLeafValue(t.hashFunction, k, v)
+	leafKey, leafValue, err := t.newLeafValue(k, v)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := t.tx.Put(leafKey, leafValue); err != nil {
+	if err := t.dbPut(leafKey, leafValue); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 

@@ -186,6 +190,7 @@ []byte, []byte, [][]byte, error) {
 	if currLvl > t.maxLevels-1 {
 		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("max level")
 	}
+
 	var err error
 	var currValue []byte
 	if bytes.Equal(currKey, t.emptyHash) {

@@ -205,6 +210,9 @@ // return currKey, empty, siblings, nil
 		panic("should not be reached, as the 'if' above should avoid reaching this point") // TMP
 	case PrefixValueLeaf: // leaf
 		if bytes.Equal(newKey, currKey) {
+			// TODO move this error msg to const & add test that
+			// checks that adding a repeated key this error is
+			// returned
 			return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("key already exists")
 		}
 

@@ -275,18 +283,18 @@ func (t *Tree) up(key []byte, siblings [][]byte, path []bool, currLvl, toLvl int) ([]byte, error) {
 	var k, v []byte
 	var err error
 	if path[currLvl+toLvl] {
-		k, v, err = newIntermediate(t.hashFunction, siblings[currLvl], key)
+		k, v, err = t.newIntermediate(siblings[currLvl], key)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		k, v, err = newIntermediate(t.hashFunction, key, siblings[currLvl])
+		k, v, err = t.newIntermediate(key, siblings[currLvl])
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	// store k-v to db
-	if err = t.tx.Put(k, v); err != nil {
+	if err = t.dbPut(k, v); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 

@@ -298,6 +306,11 @@
 	return t.up(k, siblings, path, currLvl-1, toLvl)
 }
 
+func (t *Tree) newLeafValue(k, v []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	t.dbg.incHash()
+	return newLeafValue(t.hashFunction, k, v)
+}
+
 func newLeafValue(hashFunc HashFunction, k, v []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
 	leafKey, err := hashFunc.Hash(k, v, []byte{1})
 	if err != nil {

@@ -324,6 +337,11 @@ }
 	k := b[PrefixValueLen : PrefixValueLen+kLen]
 	v := b[PrefixValueLen+kLen:]
 	return k, v
+}
+
+func (t *Tree) newIntermediate(l, r []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	t.dbg.incHash()
+	return newIntermediate(t.hashFunction, l, r)
 }
 
 func newIntermediate(hashFunc HashFunction, l, r []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {

@@ -392,12 +410,12 @@ if !bytes.Equal(oldKey, k) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("key %s does not exist", hex.EncodeToString(k))
 	}
 
-	leafKey, leafValue, err := newLeafValue(t.hashFunction, k, v)
+	leafKey, leafValue, err := t.newLeafValue(k, v)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := t.tx.Put(leafKey, leafValue); err != nil {
+	if err := t.dbPut(leafKey, leafValue); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 

@@ -413,7 +431,7 @@ }
 
 	t.root = root
 	// store root to db
-	if err := t.tx.Put(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
+	if err := t.dbPut(dbKeyRoot, t.root); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return t.tx.Commit()

@@ -535,7 +553,8 @@ return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	leafK, leafV := ReadLeafValue(value)
 	if !bytes.Equal(k, leafK) {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("%s != %s", BytesToBigInt(k), BytesToBigInt(leafK)))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("Tree.Get error: keys doesn't match, %s != %s",
+			BytesToBigInt(k), BytesToBigInt(leafK)))
 	}
 
 	return leafK, leafV, nil

@@ -577,11 +596,20 @@ }
 	return false, nil
 }
 
+func (t *Tree) dbPut(k, v []byte) error {
+	if t.tx == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dbPut error: no db Tx")
+	}
+	t.dbg.incDbPut()
+	return t.tx.Put(k, v)
+}
+
 func (t *Tree) dbGet(k []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	// if key is empty, return empty as value
 	if bytes.Equal(k, t.emptyHash) {
 		return t.emptyHash, nil
 	}
+	t.dbg.incDbGet()
 
 	v, err := t.db.Get(k)
 	if err == nil {

@@ -609,7 +637,7 @@ // after the setNLeafs call.
 func (t *Tree) setNLeafs(nLeafs int) error {
 	b := make([]byte, 8)
 	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(b, uint64(nLeafs))
-	if err := t.tx.Put(dbKeyNLeafs, b); err != nil {
+	if err := t.dbPut(dbKeyNLeafs, b); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
M vt.go → vt.go 
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ type params struct {
 	maxLevels    int
 	hashFunction HashFunction
 	emptyHash    []byte
+	dbg          *dbgStats
 }
 
 // vt stands for virtual tree. It's a tree that does not have any computed hash
 // while placing the leafs. Once all the leafs are placed, it computes all the
-// hashes. In this way, each node hash is only computed one time.
+// hashes. In this way, each node hash is only computed one time (at the end)
+// and the tree is computed in memory.
 type vt struct {
 	root   *node
 	params *params

@@ -44,6 +46,15 @@ emptyHash:    make([]byte, hash.Len()), // empty
 		},
 	}
 }
+
+// WIP
+// func (t *vt) addBatch(fromLvl int, k, v []byte) error {
+//         // parallelize adding leafs in the virtual tree
+//         nCPU := flp2(runtime.NumCPU())
+//         l := int(math.Log2(float64(nCPU)))
+//
+//         return nil
+// }
 
 func (t *vt) add(fromLvl int, k, v []byte) error {
 	leaf := newLeafNode(t.params, k, v)

@@ -205,6 +216,7 @@ var err error
 	t := n.typ()
 	switch t {
 	case vtLeaf:
+		p.dbg.incHash()
 		leafKey, leafValue, err := newLeafValue(p.hashFunction, n.k, n.v)
 		if err != nil {
 			return pairs, err

@@ -235,6 +247,7 @@ }
 		}
 		// once the sub nodes are computed, can compute the current node
 		// hash
+		p.dbg.incHash()
 		k, v, err := newIntermediate(p.hashFunction, n.l.h, n.r.h)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err