[release/1.4.16] cmd/geth, VERSION: bumped version to 1.4.16

There is no need to use the reflection-based decoder to decode []byte.

(cherry picked from commit 3c836dd71b)

.gitignore

@@ -23,17 +23,11 @@ Godeps/_workspace/bin
 .project
 .settings
 
-deploy/osx/Mist.app
-deploy/osx/Mist\ Installer.dmg
-cmd/mist/assets/ext/ethereum.js/
-
 # used by the Makefile
 /build/_workspace/
 /build/bin/
+/geth*.zip
 
 # travis
 profile.tmp
 profile.cov
-
-# vagrant
-.vagrant

.gitmodules

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "cmd/mist/assets/ext/ethereum.js"]
-	path = cmd/mist/assets/ext/ethereum.js
-	url = https://github.com/ethereum/web3.js

.travis.yml

@@ -1,31 +1,45 @@
 language: go
-go:
-  - 1.4.2
-  - 1.5.4
-  - 1.6.2
-install:
-  # - go get code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/goimports
-  # - go get github.com/golang/lint/golint
-  # - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/vet
-  - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
-before_script:
-  # - gofmt -l -w .
-  # - goimports -l -w .
-  # - golint .
-  # - go vet ./...
-  # - go test -race ./...
-script:
-  - make travis-test-with-coverage
-after_success:
-  - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
-env:
-  global:
-    - secure: "U2U1AmkU4NJBgKR/uUAebQY87cNL0+1JHjnLOmmXwxYYyj5ralWb1aSuSH3qSXiT93qLBmtaUkuv9fberHVqrbAeVlztVdUsKAq7JMQH+M99iFkC9UiRMqHmtjWJ0ok4COD1sRYixxi21wb/JrMe3M1iL4QJVS61iltjHhVdM64="
+go_import_path: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
 sudo: false
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      go: 1.4.2
+    - os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      go: 1.5.4
+    - os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      go: 1.6.2
+    - os: osx
+      go: 1.6.2
+
+    # This builder does the PPA upload (and nothing else).
+    - os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      go: 1.6.2
+      env: PPA
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - devscripts
+            - debhelper
+            - dput
+      script:
+        - go run build/ci.go debsrc -signer "Felix Lange (Geth CI Testing Key) <fjl@twurst.com>" -upload ppa:lp-fjl/geth-ci-testing
+
+install:
+  - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
+script:
+  - go run build/ci.go install
+  - go run build/ci.go test -coverage -vet
+after_success:
+  # - go run build/ci.go archive -type tar
+
 notifications:
   webhooks:
     urls:
       - https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/e09ccdce1048c5e03445
     on_success: change
     on_failure: always
-    on_start: false

Godeps/Godeps.json

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
 	"ImportPath": "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum",
 	"GoVersion": "go1.5.2",
+	"GodepVersion": "v74",
 	"Packages": [
 		"./..."
 	],
@@ -13,19 +14,14 @@
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/cespare/cp",
 			"Rev": "165db2f241fd235aec29ba6d9b1ccd5f1c14637c"
 		},
-		{
-			"ImportPath": "github.com/codegangsta/cli",
-			"Comment": "1.2.0-215-g0ab42fd",
-			"Rev": "0ab42fd482c27cf2c95e7794ad3bb2082c2ab2d7"
-		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew",
 			"Rev": "5215b55f46b2b919f50a1df0eaa5886afe4e3b3d"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/ethereum/ethash",
-			"Comment": "v23.1-245-g25b32de",
-			"Rev": "25b32de0c0271065c28c3719c2bfe86959d72f0c"
+			"Comment": "v23.1-247-g2e80de5",
+			"Rev": "2e80de5022370cfe632195b1720db52d07ff8a77"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/fatih/color",
@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/rjeczalik/notify",
-			"Rev": "5dd6205716539662f8f14ab513552b41eab69d5d"
+			"Rev": "f627deca7a510d96f0ef9388f2d0e8b16d21f87f"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/robertkrimen/otto",
@@ -155,6 +151,10 @@
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/rs/cors",
 			"Rev": "5950cf11d77f8a61b432a25dd4d444b4ced01379"
 		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/rs/xhandler",
+			"Rev": "d9d9599b6aaf6a058cb7b1f48291ded2cbd13390"
+		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb",
 			"Rev": "917f41c560270110ceb73c5b38be2a9127387071"
@@ -319,6 +319,11 @@
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "gopkg.in/karalabe/cookiejar.v2/collections/prque",
 			"Rev": "8dcd6a7f4951f6ff3ee9cbb919a06d8925822e57"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1",
+			"Comment": "v1.17.0",
+			"Rev": "01857ac33766ce0c93856370626f9799281c14f4"
 		}
 	]
 }

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/codegangsta/cli/autocomplete/bash_autocomplete

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/bash
-
-: ${PROG:=$(basename ${BASH_SOURCE})}
-
-_cli_bash_autocomplete() {
-     local cur opts base
-     COMPREPLY=()
-     cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
-     opts=$( ${COMP_WORDS[@]:0:$COMP_CWORD} --generate-bash-completion )
-     COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "${opts}" -- ${cur}) )
-     return 0
- }
-  
- complete -F _cli_bash_autocomplete $PROG

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/codegangsta/cli/autocomplete/zsh_autocomplete

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-autoload -U compinit && compinit
-autoload -U bashcompinit && bashcompinit
-
-script_dir=$(dirname $0)
-source ${script_dir}/bash_autocomplete

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/ethereum/ethash/src/libethash/endian.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
   # define BYTE_ORDER    LITTLE_ENDIAN
 #elif defined( __QNXNTO__ ) && defined( __BIGENDIAN__ )
   # define BIG_ENDIAN 1234
-  # define BYTE_ORDER    BIG_ENDIAN
+  # define BYTE_ORDER BIG_ENDIAN
 #else
 # include <endian.h>
 #endif
@@ -59,21 +59,20 @@
 
 #define fix_endian32(dst_, src_) dst_ = ethash_swap_u32(src_)
 #define fix_endian32_same(val_) val_ = ethash_swap_u32(val_)
-#define fix_endian64(dst_, src_) dst_ = ethash_swap_u64(src_
+#define fix_endian64(dst_, src_) dst_ = ethash_swap_u64(src_)
 #define fix_endian64_same(val_) val_ = ethash_swap_u64(val_)
-#define fix_endian_arr32(arr_, size_)			\
-	do {										\
-	for (unsigned i_ = 0; i_ < (size_), ++i_) { \
-		arr_[i_] = ethash_swap_u32(arr_[i_]);	\
-	}											\
-	while (0)
-#define fix_endian_arr64(arr_, size_)			\
-	do {										\
-	for (unsigned i_ = 0; i_ < (size_), ++i_) { \
-		arr_[i_] = ethash_swap_u64(arr_[i_]);	\
-	}											\
-	while (0)									\
-
+#define fix_endian_arr32(arr_, size_) \
+  do { \
+    for (unsigned i_ = 0; i_ < (size_); ++i_) { \
+      arr_[i_] = ethash_swap_u32(arr_[i_]); \
+    } \
+  } while (0)
+#define fix_endian_arr64(arr_, size_) \
+  do { \
+    for (unsigned i_ = 0; i_ < (size_); ++i_) { \
+      arr_[i_] = ethash_swap_u64(arr_[i_]); \
+    } \
+  } while (0)
 #else
 # error "endian not supported"
 #endif // BYTE_ORDER

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/ethereum/ethash/src/libethash/internal.c

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ static bool ethash_hash(
 void ethash_quick_hash(
 	ethash_h256_t* return_hash,
 	ethash_h256_t const* header_hash,
-	uint64_t const nonce,
+	uint64_t nonce,
 	ethash_h256_t const* mix_hash
 )
 {

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rjeczalik/notify/.travis.yml

@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@ env:
    - PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH
 
 install:
- - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/vet
  - go get -t -v ./...
 
 script:
- - go tool vet -all .
+ - "(go version | grep -q 1.4) || go tool vet -all ."
  - go install $GOFLAGS ./...
  - go test -v -race $GOFLAGS ./...

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rjeczalik/notify/appveyor.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ environment:
 
 install:
  - go version
- - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/vet
  - go get -v -t ./...
 
 build_script:

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rjeczalik/notify/watcher_fsevents.go

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func (w *watch) Dispatch(ev []FSEvent) {
 			ev[i].Flags, ev[i].Path, i, ev[i].ID, len(ev))
 		if ev[i].Flags&failure != 0 {
 			// TODO(rjeczalik): missing error handling
-			panic("unhandled error: " + Event(ev[i].Flags).String())
+			continue
 		}
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(ev[i].Path, w.path) {
 			continue

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rs/xhandler/.travis.yml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-language: go
-go:
-- 1.5
-- tip
-matrix:
-  allow_failures:
-      - go: tip

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rs/xhandler/LICENSE

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-Copyright (c) 2015 Olivier Poitrey <rs@dailymotion.com>
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
-to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-THE SOFTWARE.

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rs/xhandler/README.md

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-# XHandler
-
-[![godoc](http://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-blue.svg?style=flat)](https://godoc.org/github.com/rs/xhandler) [![license](http://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-red.svg?style=flat)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rs/xhandler/master/LICENSE) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rs/xhandler.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rs/xhandler) [![Coverage](http://gocover.io/_badge/github.com/rs/xhandler)](http://gocover.io/github.com/rs/xhandler)
-
-XHandler is a bridge between [net/context](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/context) and `http.Handler`.
-
-It lets you enforce `net/context` in your handlers without sacrificing compatibility with existing `http.Handlers` nor imposing a specific router.
-
-Thanks to `net/context` deadline management, `xhandler` is able to enforce a per request deadline and will cancel the context when the client closes the connection unexpectedly.
-
-You may create your own `net/context` aware handler pretty much the same way as you would do with http.Handler.
-
-Read more about xhandler on [Dailymotion engineering blog](http://engineering.dailymotion.com/our-way-to-go/).
-
-## Installing
-
-    go get -u github.com/rs/xhandler
-
-## Usage
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rs/cors"
-	"github.com/rs/xhandler"
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-type myMiddleware struct {
-	next xhandler.HandlerC
-}
-
-func (h myMiddleware) ServeHTTPC(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, "test", "World")
-	h.next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
-}
-
-func main() {
-	c := xhandler.Chain{}
-
-	// Add close notifier handler so context is cancelled when the client closes
-	// the connection
-	c.UseC(xhandler.CloseHandler)
-
-	// Add timeout handler
-	c.UseC(xhandler.TimeoutHandler(2 * time.Second))
-
-	// Middleware putting something in the context
-	c.UseC(func(next xhandler.HandlerC) xhandler.HandlerC {
-		return myMiddleware{next: next}
-	})
-
-	// Mix it with a non-context-aware middleware handler
-	c.Use(cors.Default().Handler)
-
-	// Final handler (using handlerFuncC), reading from the context
-	xh := xhandler.HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		value := ctx.Value("test").(string)
-		w.Write([]byte("Hello " + value))
-	})
-
-	// Bridge context aware handlers with http.Handler using xhandler.Handle()
-	http.Handle("/test", c.Handler(xh))
-
-	if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-```
-
-### Using xmux
-
-Xhandler comes with an optional context aware [muxer](https://github.com/rs/xmux) forked from [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter):
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rs/xhandler"
-	"github.com/rs/xmux"
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	c := xhandler.Chain{}
-
-	// Append a context-aware middleware handler
-	c.UseC(xhandler.CloseHandler)
-
-	// Another context-aware middleware handler
-	c.UseC(xhandler.TimeoutHandler(2 * time.Second))
-
-	mux := xmux.New()
-
-	// Use c.Handler to terminate the chain with your final handler
-	mux.GET("/welcome/:name", xhandler.HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Welcome %s!", xmux.Params(ctx).Get("name"))
-	}))
-
-	if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", c.Handler(mux)); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-```
-
-See [xmux](https://github.com/rs/xmux) for more examples.
-
-## Context Aware Middleware
-
-Here is a list of `net/context` aware middleware handlers implementing `xhandler.HandlerC` interface.
-
-Feel free to put up a PR linking your middleware if you have built one:
-
-| Middleware | Author | Description |
-| ---------- | ------ | ----------- |
-| [xmux](https://github.com/rs/xmux) | [Olivier Poitrey](https://github.com/rs) | HTTP request muxer |
-| [xlog](https://github.com/rs/xlog) | [Olivier Poitrey](https://github.com/rs) | HTTP handler logger |
-| [xstats](https://github.com/rs/xstats) | [Olivier Poitrey](https://github.com/rs) | A generic client for service instrumentation |
-| [xaccess](https://github.com/rs/xaccess) | [Olivier Poitrey](https://github.com/rs) | HTTP handler access logger with [xlog](https://github.com/rs/xlog) and [xstats](https://github.com/rs/xstats) |
-| [cors](https://github.com/rs/cors) | [Olivier Poitrey](https://github.com/rs) | [Cross Origin Resource Sharing](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/) (CORS) support |
-
-## Licenses
-
-All source code is licensed under the [MIT License](https://raw.github.com/rs/xhandler/master/LICENSE).

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rs/xhandler/chain.go

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-package xhandler
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-// Chain is an helper to chain middleware handlers together for an easier
-// management.
-type Chain []func(next HandlerC) HandlerC
-
-// UseC appends a context-aware handler to the middleware chain.
-func (c *Chain) UseC(f func(next HandlerC) HandlerC) {
-	*c = append(*c, f)
-}
-
-// Use appends a standard http.Handler to the middleware chain without
-// lossing track of the context when inserted between two context aware handlers.
-//
-// Caveat: the f function will be called on each request so you are better to put
-// any initialization sequence outside of this function.
-func (c *Chain) Use(f func(next http.Handler) http.Handler) {
-	xf := func(next HandlerC) HandlerC {
-		return HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			n := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-				next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
-			})
-			f(n).ServeHTTP(w, r)
-		})
-	}
-	*c = append(*c, xf)
-}
-
-// Handler wraps the provided final handler with all the middleware appended to
-// the chain and return a new standard http.Handler instance.
-// The context.Background() context is injected automatically.
-func (c Chain) Handler(xh HandlerC) http.Handler {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	return c.HandlerCtx(ctx, xh)
-}
-
-// HandlerFC is an helper to provide a function (HandlerFuncC) to Handler().
-//
-// HandlerFC is equivalent to:
-//  c.Handler(xhandler.HandlerFuncC(xhc))
-func (c Chain) HandlerFC(xhf HandlerFuncC) http.Handler {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	return c.HandlerCtx(ctx, HandlerFuncC(xhf))
-}
-
-// HandlerH is an helper to provide a standard http handler (http.HandlerFunc)
-// to Handler(). Your final handler won't have access the context though.
-func (c Chain) HandlerH(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	return c.HandlerCtx(ctx, HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-	}))
-}
-
-// HandlerF is an helper to provide a standard http handler function
-// (http.HandlerFunc) to Handler(). Your final handler won't have access
-// the context though.
-func (c Chain) HandlerF(hf http.HandlerFunc) http.Handler {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	return c.HandlerCtx(ctx, HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		hf(w, r)
-	}))
-}
-
-// HandlerCtx wraps the provided final handler with all the middleware appended to
-// the chain and return a new standard http.Handler instance.
-func (c Chain) HandlerCtx(ctx context.Context, xh HandlerC) http.Handler {
-	return New(ctx, c.HandlerC(xh))
-}
-
-// HandlerC wraps the provided final handler with all the middleware appended to
-// the chain and returns a HandlerC instance.
-func (c Chain) HandlerC(xh HandlerC) HandlerC {
-	for i := len(c) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		xh = c[i](xh)
-	}
-	return xh
-}
-
-// HandlerCF wraps the provided final handler func with all the middleware appended to
-// the chain and returns a HandlerC instance.
-//
-// HandlerCF is equivalent to:
-//  c.HandlerC(xhandler.HandlerFuncC(xhc))
-func (c Chain) HandlerCF(xhc HandlerFuncC) HandlerC {
-	return c.HandlerC(HandlerFuncC(xhc))
-}

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rs/xhandler/middleware.go

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package xhandler
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-// CloseHandler returns a Handler cancelling the context when the client
-// connection close unexpectedly.
-func CloseHandler(next HandlerC) HandlerC {
-	return HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		// Cancel the context if the client closes the connection
-		if wcn, ok := w.(http.CloseNotifier); ok {
-			var cancel context.CancelFunc
-			ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			defer cancel()
-
-			notify := wcn.CloseNotify()
-			go func() {
-				select {
-				case <-notify:
-					cancel()
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-				}
-			}()
-		}
-
-		next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
-	})
-}
-
-// TimeoutHandler returns a Handler which adds a timeout to the context.
-//
-// Child handlers have the responsability to obey the context deadline and to return
-// an appropriate error (or not) response in case of timeout.
-func TimeoutHandler(timeout time.Duration) func(next HandlerC) HandlerC {
-	return func(next HandlerC) HandlerC {
-		return HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			ctx, _ = context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
-			next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// If is a special handler that will skip insert the condNext handler only if a condition
-// applies at runtime.
-func If(cond func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool, condNext func(next HandlerC) HandlerC) func(next HandlerC) HandlerC {
-	return func(next HandlerC) HandlerC {
-		return HandlerFuncC(func(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			if cond(ctx, w, r) {
-				condNext(next).ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
-			} else {
-				next.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/rs/xhandler/xhandler.go

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-// Package xhandler provides a bridge between http.Handler and net/context.
-//
-// xhandler enforces net/context in your handlers without sacrificing
-// compatibility with existing http.Handlers nor imposing a specific router.
-//
-// Thanks to net/context deadline management, xhandler is able to enforce
-// a per request deadline and will cancel the context in when the client close
-// the connection unexpectedly.
-//
-// You may create net/context aware middlewares pretty much the same way as
-// you would do with http.Handler.
-package xhandler
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-// HandlerC is a net/context aware http.Handler
-type HandlerC interface {
-	ServeHTTPC(context.Context, http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
-}
-
-// HandlerFuncC type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary functions
-// as a xhandler.Handler. If f is a function with the appropriate signature,
-// xhandler.HandlerFuncC(f) is a xhandler.Handler object that calls f.
-type HandlerFuncC func(context.Context, http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
-
-// ServeHTTPC calls f(ctx, w, r).
-func (f HandlerFuncC) ServeHTTPC(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	f(ctx, w, r)
-}
-
-// New creates a conventional http.Handler injecting the provided root
-// context to sub handlers. This handler is used as a bridge between conventional
-// http.Handler and context aware handlers.
-func New(ctx context.Context, h HandlerC) http.Handler {
-	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		h.ServeHTTPC(ctx, w, r)
-	})
-}

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/.travis.yml

@@ -2,18 +2,22 @@ language: go
 sudo: false
 
 go:
-- 1.0.3
 - 1.1.2
 - 1.2.2
 - 1.3.3
-- 1.4.2
-- 1.5.1
+- 1.4
+- 1.5.4
+- 1.6.2
 - tip
 
 matrix:
   allow_failures:
     - go: tip
 
+before_script:
+- go get github.com/meatballhat/gfmxr/...
+
 script:
 - go vet ./...
 - go test -v ./...
+- gfmxr -c $(grep -c 'package main' README.md) -s README.md

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+# Change Log
+
+**ATTN**: This project uses [semantic versioning](http://semver.org/).
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+## [1.17.0] - 2016-05-09
+### Added
+- Pluggable flag-level help text rendering via `cli.DefaultFlagStringFunc`
+- `context.GlobalBoolT` was added as an analogue to `context.GlobalBool`
+- Support for hiding commands by setting `Hidden: true` -- this will hide the
+  commands in help output
+
+### Changed
+- `Float64Flag`, `IntFlag`, and `DurationFlag` default values are no longer
+  quoted in help text output.
+- All flag types now include `(default: {value})` strings following usage when a
+  default value can be (reasonably) detected.
+- `IntSliceFlag` and `StringSliceFlag` usage strings are now more consistent
+  with non-slice flag types
+- Apps now exit with a code of 3 if an unknown subcommand is specified
+  (previously they printed "No help topic for...", but still exited 0. This
+  makes it easier to script around apps built using `cli` since they can trust
+  that a 0 exit code indicated a successful execution.
+- cleanups based on [Go Report Card
+  feedback](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/codegangsta/cli)
+
+## [1.16.0] - 2016-05-02
+### Added
+- `Hidden` field on all flag struct types to omit from generated help text
+
+### Changed
+- `BashCompletionFlag` (`--enable-bash-completion`) is now omitted from
+generated help text via the `Hidden` field
+
+### Fixed
+- handling of error values in `HandleAction` and `HandleExitCoder`
+
+## [1.15.0] - 2016-04-30
+### Added
+- This file!
+- Support for placeholders in flag usage strings
+- `App.Metadata` map for arbitrary data/state management
+- `Set` and `GlobalSet` methods on `*cli.Context` for altering values after
+parsing.
+- Support for nested lookup of dot-delimited keys in structures loaded from
+YAML.
+
+### Changed
+- The `App.Action` and `Command.Action` now prefer a return signature of
+`func(*cli.Context) error`, as defined by `cli.ActionFunc`.  If a non-nil
+`error` is returned, there may be two outcomes:
+    - If the error fulfills `cli.ExitCoder`, then `os.Exit` will be called
+    automatically
+    - Else the error is bubbled up and returned from `App.Run`
+- Specifying an `Action` with the legacy return signature of
+`func(*cli.Context)` will produce a deprecation message to stderr
+- Specifying an `Action` that is not a `func` type will produce a non-zero exit
+from `App.Run`
+- Specifying an `Action` func that has an invalid (input) signature will
+produce a non-zero exit from `App.Run`
+
+### Deprecated
+- <a name="deprecated-cli-app-runandexitonerror"></a>
+`cli.App.RunAndExitOnError`, which should now be done by returning an error
+that fulfills `cli.ExitCoder` to `cli.App.Run`.
+- <a name="deprecated-cli-app-action-signature"></a> the legacy signature for
+`cli.App.Action` of `func(*cli.Context)`, which should now have a return
+signature of `func(*cli.Context) error`, as defined by `cli.ActionFunc`.
+
+### Fixed
+- Added missing `*cli.Context.GlobalFloat64` method
+
+## [1.14.0] - 2016-04-03 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Codebeat badge
+- Support for categorization via `CategorizedHelp` and `Categories` on app.
+
+### Changed
+- Use `filepath.Base` instead of `path.Base` in `Name` and `HelpName`.
+
+### Fixed
+- Ensure version is not shown in help text when `HideVersion` set.
+
+## [1.13.0] - 2016-03-06 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- YAML file input support.
+- `NArg` method on context.
+
+## [1.12.0] - 2016-02-17 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Custom usage error handling.
+- Custom text support in `USAGE` section of help output.
+- Improved help messages for empty strings.
+- AppVeyor CI configuration.
+
+### Changed
+- Removed `panic` from default help printer func.
+- De-duping and optimizations.
+
+### Fixed
+- Correctly handle `Before`/`After` at command level when no subcommands.
+- Case of literal `-` argument causing flag reordering.
+- Environment variable hints on Windows.
+- Docs updates.
+
+## [1.11.1] - 2015-12-21 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Changed
+- Use `path.Base` in `Name` and `HelpName`
+- Export `GetName` on flag types.
+
+### Fixed
+- Flag parsing when skipping is enabled.
+- Test output cleanup.
+- Move completion check to account for empty input case.
+
+## [1.11.0] - 2015-11-15 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Destination scan support for flags.
+- Testing against `tip` in Travis CI config.
+
+### Changed
+- Go version in Travis CI config.
+
+### Fixed
+- Removed redundant tests.
+- Use correct example naming in tests.
+
+## [1.10.2] - 2015-10-29 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Fixed
+- Remove unused var in bash completion.
+
+## [1.10.1] - 2015-10-21 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Coverage and reference logos in README.
+
+### Fixed
+- Use specified values in help and version parsing.
+- Only display app version and help message once.
+
+## [1.10.0] - 2015-10-06 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- More tests for existing functionality.
+- `ArgsUsage` at app and command level for help text flexibility.
+
+### Fixed
+- Honor `HideHelp` and `HideVersion` in `App.Run`.
+- Remove juvenile word from README.
+
+## [1.9.0] - 2015-09-08 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- `FullName` on command with accompanying help output update.
+- Set default `$PROG` in bash completion.
+
+### Changed
+- Docs formatting.
+
+### Fixed
+- Removed self-referential imports in tests.
+
+## [1.8.0] - 2015-06-30 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Support for `Copyright` at app level.
+- `Parent` func at context level to walk up context lineage.
+
+### Fixed
+- Global flag processing at top level.
+
+## [1.7.1] - 2015-06-11 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Aggregate errors from `Before`/`After` funcs.
+- Doc comments on flag structs.
+- Include non-global flags when checking version and help.
+- Travis CI config updates.
+
+### Fixed
+- Ensure slice type flags have non-nil values.
+- Collect global flags from the full command hierarchy.
+- Docs prose.
+
+## [1.7.0] - 2015-05-03 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Changed
+- `HelpPrinter` signature includes output writer.
+
+### Fixed
+- Specify go 1.1+ in docs.
+- Set `Writer` when running command as app.
+
+## [1.6.0] - 2015-03-23 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Multiple author support.
+- `NumFlags` at context level.
+- `Aliases` at command level.
+
+### Deprecated
+- `ShortName` at command level.
+
+### Fixed
+- Subcommand help output.
+- Backward compatible support for deprecated `Author` and `Email` fields.
+- Docs regarding `Names`/`Aliases`.
+
+## [1.5.0] - 2015-02-20 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- `After` hook func support at app and command level.
+
+### Fixed
+- Use parsed context when running command as subcommand.
+- Docs prose.
+
+## [1.4.1] - 2015-01-09 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Support for hiding `-h / --help` flags, but not `help` subcommand.
+- Stop flag parsing after `--`.
+
+### Fixed
+- Help text for generic flags to specify single value.
+- Use double quotes in output for defaults.
+- Use `ParseInt` instead of `ParseUint` for int environment var values.
+- Use `0` as base when parsing int environment var values.
+
+## [1.4.0] - 2014-12-12 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Support for environment variable lookup "cascade".
+- Support for `Stdout` on app for output redirection.
+
+### Fixed
+- Print command help instead of app help in `ShowCommandHelp`.
+
+## [1.3.1] - 2014-11-13 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Docs and example code updates.
+
+### Changed
+- Default `-v / --version` flag made optional.
+
+## [1.3.0] - 2014-08-10 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- `FlagNames` at context level.
+- Exposed `VersionPrinter` var for more control over version output.
+- Zsh completion hook.
+- `AUTHOR` section in default app help template.
+- Contribution guidelines.
+- `DurationFlag` type.
+
+## [1.2.0] - 2014-08-02
+### Added
+- Support for environment variable defaults on flags plus tests.
+
+## [1.1.0] - 2014-07-15
+### Added
+- Bash completion.
+- Optional hiding of built-in help command.
+- Optional skipping of flag parsing at command level.
+- `Author`, `Email`, and `Compiled` metadata on app.
+- `Before` hook func support at app and command level.
+- `CommandNotFound` func support at app level.
+- Command reference available on context.
+- `GenericFlag` type.
+- `Float64Flag` type.
+- `BoolTFlag` type.
+- `IsSet` flag helper on context.
+- More flag lookup funcs at context level.
+- More tests &amp; docs.
+
+### Changed
+- Help template updates to account for presence/absence of flags.
+- Separated subcommand help template.
+- Exposed `HelpPrinter` var for more control over help output.
+
+## [1.0.0] - 2013-11-01
+### Added
+- `help` flag in default app flag set and each command flag set.
+- Custom handling of argument parsing errors.
+- Command lookup by name at app level.
+- `StringSliceFlag` type and supporting `StringSlice` type.
+- `IntSliceFlag` type and supporting `IntSlice` type.
+- Slice type flag lookups by name at context level.
+- Export of app and command help functions.
+- More tests &amp; docs.
+
+## 0.1.0 - 2013-07-22
+### Added
+- Initial implementation.
+
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.17.0...HEAD
+[1.17.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.16.0...v1.17.0
+[1.16.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.15.0...v1.16.0
+[1.15.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.14.0...v1.15.0
+[1.14.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.13.0...v1.14.0
+[1.13.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.12.0...v1.13.0
+[1.12.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.11.1...v1.12.0
+[1.11.1]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.11.0...v1.11.1
+[1.11.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.10.2...v1.11.0
+[1.10.2]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.10.1...v1.10.2
+[1.10.1]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.10.0...v1.10.1
+[1.10.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.9.0...v1.10.0
+[1.9.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.8.0...v1.9.0
+[1.8.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.7.1...v1.8.0
+[1.7.1]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.7.0...v1.7.1
+[1.7.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.6.0...v1.7.0
+[1.6.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.5.0...v1.6.0
+[1.5.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.4.1...v1.5.0
+[1.4.1]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.4.0...v1.4.1
+[1.4.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.3.1...v1.4.0
+[1.3.1]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.3.0...v1.3.1
+[1.3.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.2.0...v1.3.0
+[1.2.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.1.0...v1.2.0
+[1.1.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v1.0.0...v1.1.0
+[1.0.0]: https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/compare/v0.1.0...v1.0.0

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/README.md

@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
 [![Coverage](http://gocover.io/_badge/github.com/codegangsta/cli?0)](http://gocover.io/github.com/codegangsta/cli)
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/codegangsta/cli.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/codegangsta/cli)
 [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/codegangsta/cli?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/codegangsta/cli)
+[![codebeat](https://codebeat.co/badges/0a8f30aa-f975-404b-b878-5fab3ae1cc5f)](https://codebeat.co/projects/github-com-codegangsta-cli)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/codegangsta/cli)](https://goreportcard.com/report/codegangsta/cli)
 
-# cli.go
+# cli
 
-`cli.go` is simple, fast, and fun package for building command line apps in Go. The goal is to enable developers to write fast and distributable command line applications in an expressive way.
+cli is a simple, fast, and fun package for building command line apps in Go. The goal is to enable developers to write fast and distributable command line applications in an expressive way.
 
 ## Overview
 
 Command line apps are usually so tiny that there is absolutely no reason why your code should *not* be self-documenting. Things like generating help text and parsing command flags/options should not hinder productivity when writing a command line app.
 
-**This is where `cli.go` comes into play.** `cli.go` makes command line programming fun, organized, and expressive!
+**This is where cli comes into play.** cli makes command line programming fun, organized, and expressive!
 
 ## Installation
 
 Make sure you have a working Go environment (go 1.1+ is *required*). [See the install instructions](http://golang.org/doc/install.html).
 
-To install `cli.go`, simply run:
+To install cli, simply run:
 ```
 $ go get github.com/codegangsta/cli
 ```
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
 
 ## Getting Started
 
-One of the philosophies behind `cli.go` is that an API should be playful and full of discovery. So a `cli.go` app can be as little as one line of code in `main()`. 
+One of the philosophies behind cli is that an API should be playful and full of discovery. So a cli app can be as little as one line of code in `main()`.
 
 ``` go
 package main
@@ -45,11 +47,16 @@ func main() {
 
 This app will run and show help text, but is not very useful. Let's give an action to execute and some help documentation:
 
+<!-- {
+  "output": "boom! I say!"
+} -->
 ``` go
 package main
 
 import (
+  "fmt"
   "os"
+
   "github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 )
 
@@ -57,10 +64,11 @@ func main() {
   app := cli.NewApp()
   app.Name = "boom"
   app.Usage = "make an explosive entrance"
-  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
-    println("boom! I say!")
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Println("boom! I say!")
+    return nil
   }
-  
+
   app.Run(os.Args)
 }
 ```
@@ -73,11 +81,16 @@ Being a programmer can be a lonely job. Thankfully by the power of automation th
 
 Start by creating a directory named `greet`, and within it, add a file, `greet.go` with the following code in it:
 
+<!-- {
+  "output": "Hello friend!"
+} -->
 ``` go
 package main
 
 import (
+  "fmt"
   "os"
+
   "github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 )
 
@@ -85,8 +98,9 @@ func main() {
   app := cli.NewApp()
   app.Name = "greet"
   app.Usage = "fight the loneliness!"
-  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
-    println("Hello friend!")
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Println("Hello friend!")
+    return nil
   }
 
   app.Run(os.Args)
@@ -106,7 +120,7 @@ $ greet
 Hello friend!
 ```
 
-`cli.go` also generates neat help text:
+cli also generates neat help text:
 
 ```
 $ greet help
@@ -132,8 +146,9 @@ You can lookup arguments by calling the `Args` function on `cli.Context`.
 
 ``` go
 ...
-app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
-  println("Hello", c.Args()[0])
+app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+  fmt.Println("Hello", c.Args()[0])
+  return nil
 }
 ...
 ```
@@ -151,16 +166,17 @@ app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
     Usage: "language for the greeting",
   },
 }
-app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
+app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
   name := "someone"
-  if len(c.Args()) > 0 {
+  if c.NArg() > 0 {
     name = c.Args()[0]
   }
   if c.String("lang") == "spanish" {
-    println("Hola", name)
+    fmt.Println("Hola", name)
   } else {
-    println("Hello", name)
+    fmt.Println("Hello", name)
   }
+  return nil
 }
 ...
 ```
@@ -178,22 +194,45 @@ app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
     Destination: &language,
   },
 }
-app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
+app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
   name := "someone"
-  if len(c.Args()) > 0 {
+  if c.NArg() > 0 {
     name = c.Args()[0]
   }
   if language == "spanish" {
-    println("Hola", name)
+    fmt.Println("Hola", name)
   } else {
-    println("Hello", name)
+    fmt.Println("Hello", name)
   }
+  return nil
 }
 ...
 ```
 
 See full list of flags at http://godoc.org/github.com/codegangsta/cli
 
+#### Placeholder Values
+
+Sometimes it's useful to specify a flag's value within the usage string itself. Such placeholders are
+indicated with back quotes.
+
+For example this:
+
+```go
+cli.StringFlag{
+  Name:  "config, c",
+  Usage: "Load configuration from `FILE`",
+}
+```
+
+Will result in help output like:
+
+```
+--config FILE, -c FILE   Load configuration from FILE
+```
+
+Note that only the first placeholder is used. Subsequent back-quoted words will be left as-is.
+
 #### Alternate Names
 
 You can set alternate (or short) names for flags by providing a comma-delimited list for the `Name`. e.g.
@@ -238,6 +277,49 @@ app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
 }
 ```
 
+#### Values from alternate input sources (YAML and others)
+
+There is a separate package altsrc that adds support for getting flag values from other input sources like YAML.
+
+In order to get values for a flag from an alternate input source the following code would be added to wrap an existing cli.Flag like below:
+
+``` go
+  altsrc.NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"})
+```
+
+Initialization must also occur for these flags. Below is an example initializing getting data from a yaml file below.
+
+``` go
+  command.Before = altsrc.InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
+```
+
+The code above will use the "load" string as a flag name to get the file name of a yaml file from the cli.Context.
+It will then use that file name to initialize the yaml input source for any flags that are defined on that command.
+As a note the "load" flag used would also have to be defined on the command flags in order for this code snipped to work.
+
+Currently only YAML files are supported but developers can add support for other input sources by implementing the
+altsrc.InputSourceContext for their given sources.
+
+Here is a more complete sample of a command using YAML support:
+
+``` go
+  command := &cli.Command{
+    Name:        "test-cmd",
+    Aliases:     []string{"tc"},
+    Usage:       "this is for testing",
+    Description: "testing",
+    Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+      // Action to run
+      return nil
+    },
+    Flags: []cli.Flag{
+      NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+      cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+  }
+  command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
+  err := command.Run(c)
+```
+
 ### Subcommands
 
 Subcommands can be defined for a more git-like command line app.
@@ -249,16 +331,18 @@ app.Commands = []cli.Command{
     Name:      "add",
     Aliases:     []string{"a"},
     Usage:     "add a task to the list",
-    Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
-      println("added task: ", c.Args().First())
+    Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+      fmt.Println("added task: ", c.Args().First())
+      return nil
     },
   },
   {
     Name:      "complete",
     Aliases:     []string{"c"},
     Usage:     "complete a task on the list",
-    Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
-      println("completed task: ", c.Args().First())
+    Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+      fmt.Println("completed task: ", c.Args().First())
+      return nil
     },
   },
   {
@@ -269,15 +353,17 @@ app.Commands = []cli.Command{
       {
         Name:  "add",
         Usage: "add a new template",
-        Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
-            println("new task template: ", c.Args().First())
+        Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+          fmt.Println("new task template: ", c.Args().First())
+          return nil
         },
       },
       {
         Name:  "remove",
         Usage: "remove an existing template",
-        Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
-          println("removed task template: ", c.Args().First())
+        Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+          fmt.Println("removed task template: ", c.Args().First())
+          return nil
         },
       },
     },
@@ -286,6 +372,80 @@ app.Commands = []cli.Command{
 ...
 ```
 
+### Subcommands categories
+
+For additional organization in apps that have many subcommands, you can
+associate a category for each command to group them together in the help
+output.
+
+E.g.
+
+```go
+...
+  app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+    {
+      Name: "noop",
+    },
+    {
+      Name:     "add",
+      Category: "template",
+    },
+    {
+      Name:     "remove",
+      Category: "template",
+    },
+  }
+...
+```
+
+Will include:
+
+```
+...
+COMMANDS:
+    noop
+
+  Template actions:
+    add
+    remove
+...
+```
+
+### Exit code
+
+Calling `App.Run` will not automatically call `os.Exit`, which means that by
+default the exit code will "fall through" to being `0`.  An explicit exit code
+may be set by returning a non-nil error that fulfills `cli.ExitCoder`, *or* a
+`cli.MultiError` that includes an error that fulfills `cli.ExitCoder`, e.g.:
+
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/codegangsta/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+    cli.BoolTFlag{
+      Name:  "ginger-crouton",
+      Usage: "is it in the soup?",
+    },
+  }
+  app.Action = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+    if !ctx.Bool("ginger-crouton") {
+      return cli.NewExitError("it is not in the soup", 86)
+    }
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
 ### Bash Completion
 
 You can enable completion commands by setting the `EnableBashCompletion`
@@ -303,12 +463,13 @@ app.Commands = []cli.Command{
     Name:  "complete",
     Aliases: []string{"c"},
     Usage: "complete a task on the list",
-    Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
-       println("completed task: ", c.Args().First())
+    Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+       fmt.Println("completed task: ", c.Args().First())
+       return nil
     },
     BashComplete: func(c *cli.Context) {
       // This will complete if no args are passed
-      if len(c.Args()) > 0 {
+      if c.NArg() > 0 {
         return
       }
       for _, t := range tasks {
@@ -343,6 +504,72 @@ Alternatively, you can just document that users should source the generic
 `autocomplete/bash_autocomplete` in their bash configuration with `$PROG` set
 to the name of their program (as above).
 
+### Generated Help Text Customization
+
+All of the help text generation may be customized, and at multiple levels.  The
+templates are exposed as variables `AppHelpTemplate`, `CommandHelpTemplate`, and
+`SubcommandHelpTemplate` which may be reassigned or augmented, and full override
+is possible by assigning a compatible func to the `cli.HelpPrinter` variable,
+e.g.:
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "Ha HA.  I pwnd the help!!1"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "io"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/codegangsta/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  // EXAMPLE: Append to an existing template
+  cli.AppHelpTemplate = fmt.Sprintf(`%s
+
+WEBSITE: http://awesometown.example.com
+
+SUPPORT: support@awesometown.example.com
+
+`, cli.AppHelpTemplate)
+
+  // EXAMPLE: Override a template
+  cli.AppHelpTemplate = `NAME:
+   {{.Name}} - {{.Usage}}
+USAGE:
+   {{.HelpName}} {{if .VisibleFlags}}[global options]{{end}}{{if .Commands}} command
+[command options]{{end}} {{if
+.ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}
+   {{if len .Authors}}
+AUTHOR(S):
+   {{range .Authors}}{{ . }}{{end}}
+   {{end}}{{if .Commands}}
+COMMANDS:
+{{range .Commands}}{{if not .HideHelp}}   {{join .Names ", "}}{{ "\t"
+}}{{.Usage}}{{ "\n" }}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
+GLOBAL OPTIONS:
+   {{range .VisibleFlags}}{{.}}
+   {{end}}{{end}}{{if .Copyright }}
+COPYRIGHT:
+   {{.Copyright}}
+   {{end}}{{if .Version}}
+VERSION:
+   {{.Version}}
+   {{end}}
+`
+
+  // EXAMPLE: Replace the `HelpPrinter` func
+  cli.HelpPrinter = func(w io.Writer, templ string, data interface{}) {
+    fmt.Println("Ha HA.  I pwnd the help!!1")
+  }
+
+  cli.NewApp().Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
 ## Contribution Guidelines
 
 Feel free to put up a pull request to fix a bug or maybe add a feature. I will give it a code review and make sure that it does not break backwards compatibility. If I or any other collaborators agree that it is in line with the vision of the project, we will work with you to get the code into a mergeable state and merge it into the master branch.

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/app.go

@@ -5,10 +5,27 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
-	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
 	"time"
 )
 
+var (
+	changeLogURL                    = "https://github.com/codegangsta/cli/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md"
+	appActionDeprecationURL         = fmt.Sprintf("%s#deprecated-cli-app-action-signature", changeLogURL)
+	runAndExitOnErrorDeprecationURL = fmt.Sprintf("%s#deprecated-cli-app-runandexitonerror", changeLogURL)
+
+	contactSysadmin = "This is an error in the application.  Please contact the distributor of this application if this is not you."
+
+	errNonFuncAction = NewExitError("ERROR invalid Action type.  "+
+		fmt.Sprintf("Must be a func of type `cli.ActionFunc`.  %s", contactSysadmin)+
+		fmt.Sprintf("See %s", appActionDeprecationURL), 2)
+	errInvalidActionSignature = NewExitError("ERROR invalid Action signature.  "+
+		fmt.Sprintf("Must be `cli.ActionFunc`.  %s", contactSysadmin)+
+		fmt.Sprintf("See %s", appActionDeprecationURL), 2)
+)
+
 // App is the main structure of a cli application. It is recommended that
 // an app be created with the cli.NewApp() function
 type App struct {
@@ -32,24 +49,27 @@ type App struct {
 	EnableBashCompletion bool
 	// Boolean to hide built-in help command
 	HideHelp bool
-	// Boolean to hide built-in version flag
+	// Boolean to hide built-in version flag and the VERSION section of help
 	HideVersion bool
+	// Populate on app startup, only gettable through method Categories()
+	categories CommandCategories
 	// An action to execute when the bash-completion flag is set
-	BashComplete func(context *Context)
+	BashComplete BashCompleteFunc
 	// An action to execute before any subcommands are run, but after the context is ready
 	// If a non-nil error is returned, no subcommands are run
-	Before func(context *Context) error
+	Before BeforeFunc
 	// An action to execute after any subcommands are run, but after the subcommand has finished
 	// It is run even if Action() panics
-	After func(context *Context) error
+	After AfterFunc
 	// The action to execute when no subcommands are specified
-	Action func(context *Context)
+	Action interface{}
+	// TODO: replace `Action: interface{}` with `Action: ActionFunc` once some kind
+	// of deprecation period has passed, maybe?
+
 	// Execute this function if the proper command cannot be found
-	CommandNotFound func(context *Context, command string)
-	// Execute this function, if an usage error occurs. This is useful for displaying customized usage error messages.
-	// This function is able to replace the original error messages.
-	// If this function is not set, the "Incorrect usage" is displayed and the execution is interrupted.
-	OnUsageError func(context *Context, err error, isSubcommand bool) error
+	CommandNotFound CommandNotFoundFunc
+	// Execute this function if an usage error occurs
+	OnUsageError OnUsageErrorFunc
 	// Compilation date
 	Compiled time.Time
 	// List of all authors who contributed
@@ -62,6 +82,12 @@ type App struct {
 	Email string
 	// Writer writer to write output to
 	Writer io.Writer
+	// ErrWriter writes error output
+	ErrWriter io.Writer
+	// Other custom info
+	Metadata map[string]interface{}
+
+	didSetup bool
 }
 
 // Tries to find out when this binary was compiled.
@@ -74,11 +100,12 @@ func compileTime() time.Time {
 	return info.ModTime()
 }
 
-// Creates a new cli Application with some reasonable defaults for Name, Usage, Version and Action.
+// NewApp creates a new cli Application with some reasonable defaults for Name,
+// Usage, Version and Action.
 func NewApp() *App {
 	return &App{
-		Name:         path.Base(os.Args[0]),
-		HelpName:     path.Base(os.Args[0]),
+		Name:         filepath.Base(os.Args[0]),
+		HelpName:     filepath.Base(os.Args[0]),
 		Usage:        "A new cli application",
 		UsageText:    "",
 		Version:      "0.0.0",
@@ -89,8 +116,16 @@ func NewApp() *App {
 	}
 }
 
-// Entry point to the cli app. Parses the arguments slice and routes to the proper flag/args combination
-func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
+// Setup runs initialization code to ensure all data structures are ready for
+// `Run` or inspection prior to `Run`.  It is internally called by `Run`, but
+// will return early if setup has already happened.
+func (a *App) Setup() {
+	if a.didSetup {
+		return
+	}
+
+	a.didSetup = true
+
 	if a.Author != "" || a.Email != "" {
 		a.Authors = append(a.Authors, Author{Name: a.Author, Email: a.Email})
 	}
@@ -104,6 +139,12 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 	}
 	a.Commands = newCmds
 
+	a.categories = CommandCategories{}
+	for _, command := range a.Commands {
+		a.categories = a.categories.AddCommand(command.Category, command)
+	}
+	sort.Sort(a.categories)
+
 	// append help to commands
 	if a.Command(helpCommand.Name) == nil && !a.HideHelp {
 		a.Commands = append(a.Commands, helpCommand)
@@ -120,6 +161,12 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 	if !a.HideVersion {
 		a.appendFlag(VersionFlag)
 	}
+}
+
+// Run is the entry point to the cli app. Parses the arguments slice and routes
+// to the proper flag/args combination
+func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
+	a.Setup()
 
 	// parse flags
 	set := flagSet(a.Name, a.Flags)
@@ -140,12 +187,12 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		if a.OnUsageError != nil {
 			err := a.OnUsageError(context, err, false)
-			return err
-		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%s\n\n", "Incorrect Usage.")
-			ShowAppHelp(context)
+			HandleExitCoder(err)
 			return err
 		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%s\n\n", "Incorrect Usage.")
+		ShowAppHelp(context)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if !a.HideHelp && checkHelp(context) {
@@ -171,10 +218,12 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	if a.Before != nil {
-		err = a.Before(context)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%v\n\n", err)
+		beforeErr := a.Before(context)
+		if beforeErr != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%v\n\n", beforeErr)
 			ShowAppHelp(context)
+			HandleExitCoder(beforeErr)
+			err = beforeErr
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -189,19 +238,25 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	// Run default Action
-	a.Action(context)
-	return nil
+	err = HandleAction(a.Action, context)
+
+	HandleExitCoder(err)
+	return err
 }
 
-// Another entry point to the cli app, takes care of passing arguments and error handling
+// DEPRECATED: Another entry point to the cli app, takes care of passing arguments and error handling
 func (a *App) RunAndExitOnError() {
+	fmt.Fprintf(a.errWriter(),
+		"DEPRECATED cli.App.RunAndExitOnError.  %s  See %s\n",
+		contactSysadmin, runAndExitOnErrorDeprecationURL)
 	if err := a.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
-		os.Exit(1)
+		fmt.Fprintln(a.errWriter(), err)
+		OsExiter(1)
 	}
 }
 
-// Invokes the subcommand given the context, parses ctx.Args() to generate command-specific flags
+// RunAsSubcommand invokes the subcommand given the context, parses ctx.Args() to
+// generate command-specific flags
 func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	// append help to commands
 	if len(a.Commands) > 0 {
@@ -252,12 +307,12 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		if a.OnUsageError != nil {
 			err = a.OnUsageError(context, err, true)
-			return err
-		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%s\n\n", "Incorrect Usage.")
-			ShowSubcommandHelp(context)
+			HandleExitCoder(err)
 			return err
 		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%s\n\n", "Incorrect Usage.")
+		ShowSubcommandHelp(context)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if len(a.Commands) > 0 {
@@ -274,6 +329,7 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 		defer func() {
 			afterErr := a.After(context)
 			if afterErr != nil {
+				HandleExitCoder(err)
 				if err != nil {
 					err = NewMultiError(err, afterErr)
 				} else {
@@ -284,8 +340,10 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	if a.Before != nil {
-		err := a.Before(context)
-		if err != nil {
+		beforeErr := a.Before(context)
+		if beforeErr != nil {
+			HandleExitCoder(beforeErr)
+			err = beforeErr
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -300,12 +358,13 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	// Run default Action
-	a.Action(context)
+	err = HandleAction(a.Action, context)
 
-	return nil
+	HandleExitCoder(err)
+	return err
 }
 
-// Returns the named command on App. Returns nil if the command does not exist
+// Command returns the named command on App. Returns nil if the command does not exist
 func (a *App) Command(name string) *Command {
 	for _, c := range a.Commands {
 		if c.HasName(name) {
@@ -316,6 +375,46 @@ func (a *App) Command(name string) *Command {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Categories returns a slice containing all the categories with the commands they contain
+func (a *App) Categories() CommandCategories {
+	return a.categories
+}
+
+// VisibleCategories returns a slice of categories and commands that are
+// Hidden=false
+func (a *App) VisibleCategories() []*CommandCategory {
+	ret := []*CommandCategory{}
+	for _, category := range a.categories {
+		if visible := func() *CommandCategory {
+			for _, command := range category.Commands {
+				if !command.Hidden {
+					return category
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		}(); visible != nil {
+			ret = append(ret, visible)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+// VisibleCommands returns a slice of the Commands with Hidden=false
+func (a *App) VisibleCommands() []Command {
+	ret := []Command{}
+	for _, command := range a.Commands {
+		if !command.Hidden {
+			ret = append(ret, command)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+// VisibleFlags returns a slice of the Flags with Hidden=false
+func (a *App) VisibleFlags() []Flag {
+	return visibleFlags(a.Flags)
+}
+
 func (a *App) hasFlag(flag Flag) bool {
 	for _, f := range a.Flags {
 		if flag == f {
@@ -326,6 +425,16 @@ func (a *App) hasFlag(flag Flag) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (a *App) errWriter() io.Writer {
+
+	// When the app ErrWriter is nil use the package level one.
+	if a.ErrWriter == nil {
+		return ErrWriter
+	}
+
+	return a.ErrWriter
+}
+
 func (a *App) appendFlag(flag Flag) {
 	if !a.hasFlag(flag) {
 		a.Flags = append(a.Flags, flag)
@@ -347,3 +456,43 @@ func (a Author) String() string {
 
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", a.Name, e)
 }
+
+// HandleAction uses ✧✧✧reflection✧✧✧ to figure out if the given Action is an
+// ActionFunc, a func with the legacy signature for Action, or some other
+// invalid thing.  If it's an ActionFunc or a func with the legacy signature for
+// Action, the func is run!
+func HandleAction(action interface{}, context *Context) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			switch r.(type) {
+			case error:
+				err = r.(error)
+			default:
+				err = NewExitError(fmt.Sprintf("ERROR unknown Action error: %v. See %s", r, appActionDeprecationURL), 2)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if reflect.TypeOf(action).Kind() != reflect.Func {
+		return errNonFuncAction
+	}
+
+	vals := reflect.ValueOf(action).Call([]reflect.Value{reflect.ValueOf(context)})
+
+	if len(vals) == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(ErrWriter,
+			"DEPRECATED Action signature.  Must be `cli.ActionFunc`.  %s  See %s\n",
+			contactSysadmin, appActionDeprecationURL)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if len(vals) > 1 {
+		return errInvalidActionSignature
+	}
+
+	if retErr, ok := vals[0].Interface().(error); vals[0].IsValid() && ok {
+		return retErr
+	}
+
+	return err
+}

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/category.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package cli
+
+// CommandCategories is a slice of *CommandCategory.
+type CommandCategories []*CommandCategory
+
+// CommandCategory is a category containing commands.
+type CommandCategory struct {
+	Name     string
+	Commands Commands
+}
+
+func (c CommandCategories) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	return c[i].Name < c[j].Name
+}
+
+func (c CommandCategories) Len() int {
+	return len(c)
+}
+
+func (c CommandCategories) Swap(i, j int) {
+	c[i], c[j] = c[j], c[i]
+}
+
+// AddCommand adds a command to a category.
+func (c CommandCategories) AddCommand(category string, command Command) CommandCategories {
+	for _, commandCategory := range c {
+		if commandCategory.Name == category {
+			commandCategory.Commands = append(commandCategory.Commands, command)
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+	return append(c, &CommandCategory{Name: category, Commands: []Command{command}})
+}
+
+// VisibleCommands returns a slice of the Commands with Hidden=false
+func (c *CommandCategory) VisibleCommands() []Command {
+	ret := []Command{}
+	for _, command := range c.Commands {
+		if !command.Hidden {
+			ret = append(ret, command)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/cli.go

@@ -10,31 +10,10 @@
 //     app := cli.NewApp()
 //     app.Name = "greet"
 //     app.Usage = "say a greeting"
-//     app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) {
+//     app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
 //       println("Greetings")
 //     }
 //
 //     app.Run(os.Args)
 //   }
 package cli
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-)
-
-type MultiError struct {
-	Errors []error
-}
-
-func NewMultiError(err ...error) MultiError {
-	return MultiError{Errors: err}
-}
-
-func (m MultiError) Error() string {
-	errs := make([]string, len(m.Errors))
-	for i, err := range m.Errors {
-		errs[i] = err.Error()
-	}
-
-	return strings.Join(errs, "\n")
-}

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/command.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 )
 
@@ -22,35 +23,40 @@ type Command struct {
 	Description string
 	// A short description of the arguments of this command
 	ArgsUsage string
+	// The category the command is part of
+	Category string
 	// The function to call when checking for bash command completions
-	BashComplete func(context *Context)
+	BashComplete BashCompleteFunc
 	// An action to execute before any sub-subcommands are run, but after the context is ready
 	// If a non-nil error is returned, no sub-subcommands are run
-	Before func(context *Context) error
+	Before BeforeFunc
 	// An action to execute after any subcommands are run, but after the subcommand has finished
 	// It is run even if Action() panics
-	After func(context *Context) error
+	After AfterFunc
 	// The function to call when this command is invoked
-	Action func(context *Context)
-	// Execute this function, if an usage error occurs. This is useful for displaying customized usage error messages.
-	// This function is able to replace the original error messages.
-	// If this function is not set, the "Incorrect usage" is displayed and the execution is interrupted.
-	OnUsageError func(context *Context, err error) error
+	Action interface{}
+	// TODO: replace `Action: interface{}` with `Action: ActionFunc` once some kind
+	// of deprecation period has passed, maybe?
+
+	// Execute this function if a usage error occurs.
+	OnUsageError OnUsageErrorFunc
 	// List of child commands
-	Subcommands []Command
+	Subcommands Commands
 	// List of flags to parse
 	Flags []Flag
 	// Treat all flags as normal arguments if true
 	SkipFlagParsing bool
 	// Boolean to hide built-in help command
 	HideHelp bool
+	// Boolean to hide this command from help or completion
+	Hidden bool
 
 	// Full name of command for help, defaults to full command name, including parent commands.
 	HelpName        string
 	commandNamePath []string
 }
 
-// Returns the full name of the command.
+// FullName returns the full name of the command.
 // For subcommands this ensures that parent commands are part of the command path
 func (c Command) FullName() string {
 	if c.commandNamePath == nil {
@@ -59,7 +65,10 @@ func (c Command) FullName() string {
 	return strings.Join(c.commandNamePath, " ")
 }
 
-// Invokes the command given the context, parses ctx.Args() to generate command-specific flags
+// Commands is a slice of Command
+type Commands []Command
+
+// Run invokes the command given the context, parses ctx.Args() to generate command-specific flags
 func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	if len(c.Subcommands) > 0 {
 		return c.startApp(ctx)
@@ -120,14 +129,14 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 
 	if err != nil {
 		if c.OnUsageError != nil {
-			err := c.OnUsageError(ctx, err)
-			return err
-		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "Incorrect Usage.")
-			fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer)
-			ShowCommandHelp(ctx, c.Name)
+			err := c.OnUsageError(ctx, err, false)
+			HandleExitCoder(err)
 			return err
 		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "Incorrect Usage.")
+		fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer)
+		ShowCommandHelp(ctx, c.Name)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	nerr := normalizeFlags(c.Flags, set)
@@ -137,6 +146,7 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 		ShowCommandHelp(ctx, c.Name)
 		return nerr
 	}
+
 	context := NewContext(ctx.App, set, ctx)
 
 	if checkCommandCompletions(context, c.Name) {
@@ -151,6 +161,7 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 		defer func() {
 			afterErr := c.After(context)
 			if afterErr != nil {
+				HandleExitCoder(err)
 				if err != nil {
 					err = NewMultiError(err, afterErr)
 				} else {
@@ -161,20 +172,26 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	if c.Before != nil {
-		err := c.Before(context)
+		err = c.Before(context)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, err)
 			fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer)
 			ShowCommandHelp(ctx, c.Name)
+			HandleExitCoder(err)
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
 	context.Command = c
-	c.Action(context)
-	return nil
+	err = HandleAction(c.Action, context)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		HandleExitCoder(err)
+	}
+	return err
 }
 
+// Names returns the names including short names and aliases.
 func (c Command) Names() []string {
 	names := []string{c.Name}
 
@@ -185,7 +202,7 @@ func (c Command) Names() []string {
 	return append(names, c.Aliases...)
 }
 
-// Returns true if Command.Name or Command.ShortName matches given name
+// HasName returns true if Command.Name or Command.ShortName matches given name
 func (c Command) HasName(name string) bool {
 	for _, n := range c.Names() {
 		if n == name {
@@ -197,7 +214,7 @@ func (c Command) HasName(name string) bool {
 
 func (c Command) startApp(ctx *Context) error {
 	app := NewApp()
-
+	app.Metadata = ctx.App.Metadata
 	// set the name and usage
 	app.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", ctx.App.Name, c.Name)
 	if c.HelpName == "" {
@@ -227,6 +244,13 @@ func (c Command) startApp(ctx *Context) error {
 	app.Email = ctx.App.Email
 	app.Writer = ctx.App.Writer
 
+	app.categories = CommandCategories{}
+	for _, command := range c.Subcommands {
+		app.categories = app.categories.AddCommand(command.Category, command)
+	}
+
+	sort.Sort(app.categories)
+
 	// bash completion
 	app.EnableBashCompletion = ctx.App.EnableBashCompletion
 	if c.BashComplete != nil {
@@ -248,3 +272,8 @@ func (c Command) startApp(ctx *Context) error {
 
 	return app.RunAsSubcommand(ctx)
 }
+
+// VisibleFlags returns a slice of the Flags with Hidden=false
+func (c Command) VisibleFlags() []Flag {
+	return visibleFlags(c.Flags)
+}

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/context.go

@@ -21,57 +21,62 @@ type Context struct {
 	parentContext  *Context
 }
 
-// Creates a new context. For use in when invoking an App or Command action.
+// NewContext creates a new context. For use in when invoking an App or Command action.
 func NewContext(app *App, set *flag.FlagSet, parentCtx *Context) *Context {
 	return &Context{App: app, flagSet: set, parentContext: parentCtx}
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local int flag, returns 0 if no int flag exists
+// Int looks up the value of a local int flag, returns 0 if no int flag exists
 func (c *Context) Int(name string) int {
 	return lookupInt(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local time.Duration flag, returns 0 if no time.Duration flag exists
+// Duration looks up the value of a local time.Duration flag, returns 0 if no
+// time.Duration flag exists
 func (c *Context) Duration(name string) time.Duration {
 	return lookupDuration(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local float64 flag, returns 0 if no float64 flag exists
+// Float64 looks up the value of a local float64 flag, returns 0 if no float64
+// flag exists
 func (c *Context) Float64(name string) float64 {
 	return lookupFloat64(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local bool flag, returns false if no bool flag exists
+// Bool looks up the value of a local bool flag, returns false if no bool flag exists
 func (c *Context) Bool(name string) bool {
 	return lookupBool(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local boolT flag, returns false if no bool flag exists
+// BoolT looks up the value of a local boolT flag, returns false if no bool flag exists
 func (c *Context) BoolT(name string) bool {
 	return lookupBoolT(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local string flag, returns "" if no string flag exists
+// String looks up the value of a local string flag, returns "" if no string flag exists
 func (c *Context) String(name string) string {
 	return lookupString(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local string slice flag, returns nil if no string slice flag exists
+// StringSlice looks up the value of a local string slice flag, returns nil if no
+// string slice flag exists
 func (c *Context) StringSlice(name string) []string {
 	return lookupStringSlice(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local int slice flag, returns nil if no int slice flag exists
+// IntSlice looks up the value of a local int slice flag, returns nil if no int
+// slice flag exists
 func (c *Context) IntSlice(name string) []int {
 	return lookupIntSlice(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a local generic flag, returns nil if no generic flag exists
+// Generic looks up the value of a local generic flag, returns nil if no generic
+// flag exists
 func (c *Context) Generic(name string) interface{} {
 	return lookupGeneric(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a global int flag, returns 0 if no int flag exists
+// GlobalInt looks up the value of a global int flag, returns 0 if no int flag exists
 func (c *Context) GlobalInt(name string) int {
 	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupInt(name, fs)
@@ -79,7 +84,17 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalInt(name string) int {
 	return 0
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a global time.Duration flag, returns 0 if no time.Duration flag exists
+// GlobalFloat64 looks up the value of a global float64 flag, returns float64(0)
+// if no float64 flag exists
+func (c *Context) GlobalFloat64(name string) float64 {
+	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
+		return lookupFloat64(name, fs)
+	}
+	return float64(0)
+}
+
+// GlobalDuration looks up the value of a global time.Duration flag, returns 0
+// if no time.Duration flag exists
 func (c *Context) GlobalDuration(name string) time.Duration {
 	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupDuration(name, fs)
@@ -87,7 +102,8 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalDuration(name string) time.Duration {
 	return 0
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a global bool flag, returns false if no bool flag exists
+// GlobalBool looks up the value of a global bool flag, returns false if no bool
+// flag exists
 func (c *Context) GlobalBool(name string) bool {
 	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupBool(name, fs)
@@ -95,7 +111,17 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalBool(name string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a global string flag, returns "" if no string flag exists
+// GlobalBoolT looks up the value of a global bool flag, returns true if no bool
+// flag exists
+func (c *Context) GlobalBoolT(name string) bool {
+	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
+		return lookupBoolT(name, fs)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// GlobalString looks up the value of a global string flag, returns "" if no
+// string flag exists
 func (c *Context) GlobalString(name string) string {
 	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupString(name, fs)
@@ -103,7 +129,8 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalString(name string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a global string slice flag, returns nil if no string slice flag exists
+// GlobalStringSlice looks up the value of a global string slice flag, returns
+// nil if no string slice flag exists
 func (c *Context) GlobalStringSlice(name string) []string {
 	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupStringSlice(name, fs)
@@ -111,7 +138,8 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalStringSlice(name string) []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a global int slice flag, returns nil if no int slice flag exists
+// GlobalIntSlice looks up the value of a global int slice flag, returns nil if
+// no int slice flag exists
 func (c *Context) GlobalIntSlice(name string) []int {
 	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupIntSlice(name, fs)
@@ -119,7 +147,8 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalIntSlice(name string) []int {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Looks up the value of a global generic flag, returns nil if no generic flag exists
+// GlobalGeneric looks up the value of a global generic flag, returns nil if no
+// generic flag exists
 func (c *Context) GlobalGeneric(name string) interface{} {
 	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupGeneric(name, fs)
@@ -127,12 +156,22 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalGeneric(name string) interface{} {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Returns the number of flags set
+// NumFlags returns the number of flags set
 func (c *Context) NumFlags() int {
 	return c.flagSet.NFlag()
 }
 
-// Determines if the flag was actually set
+// Set sets a context flag to a value.
+func (c *Context) Set(name, value string) error {
+	return c.flagSet.Set(name, value)
+}
+
+// GlobalSet sets a context flag to a value on the global flagset
+func (c *Context) GlobalSet(name, value string) error {
+	return globalContext(c).flagSet.Set(name, value)
+}
+
+// IsSet determines if the flag was actually set
 func (c *Context) IsSet(name string) bool {
 	if c.setFlags == nil {
 		c.setFlags = make(map[string]bool)
@@ -143,7 +182,7 @@ func (c *Context) IsSet(name string) bool {
 	return c.setFlags[name] == true
 }
 
-// Determines if the global flag was actually set
+// GlobalIsSet determines if the global flag was actually set
 func (c *Context) GlobalIsSet(name string) bool {
 	if c.globalSetFlags == nil {
 		c.globalSetFlags = make(map[string]bool)
@@ -160,7 +199,7 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalIsSet(name string) bool {
 	return c.globalSetFlags[name]
 }
 
-// Returns a slice of flag names used in this context.
+// FlagNames returns a slice of flag names used in this context.
 func (c *Context) FlagNames() (names []string) {
 	for _, flag := range c.Command.Flags {
 		name := strings.Split(flag.GetName(), ",")[0]
@@ -172,7 +211,7 @@ func (c *Context) FlagNames() (names []string) {
 	return
 }
 
-// Returns a slice of global flag names used by the app.
+// GlobalFlagNames returns a slice of global flag names used by the app.
 func (c *Context) GlobalFlagNames() (names []string) {
 	for _, flag := range c.App.Flags {
 		name := strings.Split(flag.GetName(), ",")[0]
@@ -184,20 +223,26 @@ func (c *Context) GlobalFlagNames() (names []string) {
 	return
 }
 
-// Returns the parent context, if any
+// Parent returns the parent context, if any
 func (c *Context) Parent() *Context {
 	return c.parentContext
 }
 
+// Args contains apps console arguments
 type Args []string
 
-// Returns the command line arguments associated with the context.
+// Args returns the command line arguments associated with the context.
 func (c *Context) Args() Args {
 	args := Args(c.flagSet.Args())
 	return args
 }
 
-// Returns the nth argument, or else a blank string
+// NArg returns the number of the command line arguments.
+func (c *Context) NArg() int {
+	return len(c.Args())
+}
+
+// Get returns the nth argument, or else a blank string
 func (a Args) Get(n int) string {
 	if len(a) > n {
 		return a[n]
@@ -205,12 +250,12 @@ func (a Args) Get(n int) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// Returns the first argument, or else a blank string
+// First returns the first argument, or else a blank string
 func (a Args) First() string {
 	return a.Get(0)
 }
 
-// Return the rest of the arguments (not the first one)
+// Tail returns the rest of the arguments (not the first one)
 // or else an empty string slice
 func (a Args) Tail() []string {
 	if len(a) >= 2 {
@@ -219,12 +264,12 @@ func (a Args) Tail() []string {
 	return []string{}
 }
 
-// Checks if there are any arguments present
+// Present checks if there are any arguments present
 func (a Args) Present() bool {
 	return len(a) != 0
 }
 
-// Swaps arguments at the given indexes
+// Swap swaps arguments at the given indexes
 func (a Args) Swap(from, to int) error {
 	if from >= len(a) || to >= len(a) {
 		return errors.New("index out of range")
@@ -233,6 +278,19 @@ func (a Args) Swap(from, to int) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func globalContext(ctx *Context) *Context {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for {
+		if ctx.parentContext == nil {
+			return ctx
+		}
+		ctx = ctx.parentContext
+	}
+}
+
 func lookupGlobalFlagSet(name string, ctx *Context) *flag.FlagSet {
 	if ctx.parentContext != nil {
 		ctx = ctx.parentContext

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// OsExiter is the function used when the app exits. If not set defaults to os.Exit.
+var OsExiter = os.Exit
+
+// ErrWriter is used to write errors to the user. This can be anything
+// implementing the io.Writer interface and defaults to os.Stderr.
+var ErrWriter io.Writer = os.Stderr
+
+// MultiError is an error that wraps multiple errors.
+type MultiError struct {
+	Errors []error
+}
+
+// NewMultiError creates a new MultiError. Pass in one or more errors.
+func NewMultiError(err ...error) MultiError {
+	return MultiError{Errors: err}
+}
+
+// Error implents the error interface.
+func (m MultiError) Error() string {
+	errs := make([]string, len(m.Errors))
+	for i, err := range m.Errors {
+		errs[i] = err.Error()
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(errs, "\n")
+}
+
+// ExitCoder is the interface checked by `App` and `Command` for a custom exit
+// code
+type ExitCoder interface {
+	error
+	ExitCode() int
+}
+
+// ExitError fulfills both the builtin `error` interface and `ExitCoder`
+type ExitError struct {
+	exitCode int
+	message  string
+}
+
+// NewExitError makes a new *ExitError
+func NewExitError(message string, exitCode int) *ExitError {
+	return &ExitError{
+		exitCode: exitCode,
+		message:  message,
+	}
+}
+
+// Error returns the string message, fulfilling the interface required by
+// `error`
+func (ee *ExitError) Error() string {
+	return ee.message
+}
+
+// ExitCode returns the exit code, fulfilling the interface required by
+// `ExitCoder`
+func (ee *ExitError) ExitCode() int {
+	return ee.exitCode
+}
+
+// HandleExitCoder checks if the error fulfills the ExitCoder interface, and if
+// so prints the error to stderr (if it is non-empty) and calls OsExiter with the
+// given exit code.  If the given error is a MultiError, then this func is
+// called on all members of the Errors slice.
+func HandleExitCoder(err error) {
+	if err == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if exitErr, ok := err.(ExitCoder); ok {
+		if err.Error() != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintln(ErrWriter, err)
+		}
+		OsExiter(exitErr.ExitCode())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if multiErr, ok := err.(MultiError); ok {
+		for _, merr := range multiErr.Errors {
+			HandleExitCoder(merr)
+		}
+	}
+}

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/flag.go

@@ -4,24 +4,28 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 )
 
-// This flag enables bash-completion for all commands and subcommands
+const defaultPlaceholder = "value"
+
+// BashCompletionFlag enables bash-completion for all commands and subcommands
 var BashCompletionFlag = BoolFlag{
-	Name: "generate-bash-completion",
+	Name:   "generate-bash-completion",
+	Hidden: true,
 }
 
-// This flag prints the version for the application
+// VersionFlag prints the version for the application
 var VersionFlag = BoolFlag{
 	Name:  "version, v",
 	Usage: "print the version",
 }
 
-// This flag prints the help for all commands and subcommands
+// HelpFlag prints the help for all commands and subcommands
 // Set to the zero value (BoolFlag{}) to disable flag -- keeps subcommand
 // unless HideHelp is set to true)
 var HelpFlag = BoolFlag{
@@ -29,6 +33,10 @@ var HelpFlag = BoolFlag{
 	Usage: "show help",
 }
 
+// FlagStringer converts a flag definition to a string. This is used by help
+// to display a flag.
+var FlagStringer FlagStringFunc = stringifyFlag
+
 // Flag is a common interface related to parsing flags in cli.
 // For more advanced flag parsing techniques, it is recommended that
 // this interface be implemented.
@@ -68,24 +76,14 @@ type GenericFlag struct {
 	Value  Generic
 	Usage  string
 	EnvVar string
+	Hidden bool
 }
 
 // String returns the string representation of the generic flag to display the
 // help text to the user (uses the String() method of the generic flag to show
 // the value)
 func (f GenericFlag) String() string {
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s %v\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), f.FormatValueHelp(), f.Usage))
-}
-
-func (f GenericFlag) FormatValueHelp() string {
-	if f.Value == nil {
-		return ""
-	}
-	s := f.Value.String()
-	if len(s) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", s)
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply takes the flagset and calls Set on the generic flag with the value
@@ -107,6 +105,7 @@ func (f GenericFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of a flag.
 func (f GenericFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
@@ -130,20 +129,19 @@ func (f *StringSlice) Value() []string {
 	return *f
 }
 
-// StringSlice is a string flag that can be specified multiple times on the
+// StringSliceFlag is a string flag that can be specified multiple times on the
 // command-line
 type StringSliceFlag struct {
 	Name   string
 	Value  *StringSlice
 	Usage  string
 	EnvVar string
+	Hidden bool
 }
 
 // String returns the usage
 func (f StringSliceFlag) String() string {
-	firstName := strings.Trim(strings.Split(f.Name, ",")[0], " ")
-	pref := prefixFor(firstName)
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s [%v]\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), pref+firstName+" option "+pref+firstName+" option", f.Usage))
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -171,11 +169,12 @@ func (f StringSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of a flag.
 func (f StringSliceFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
 
-// StringSlice is an opaque type for []int to satisfy flag.Value
+// IntSlice is an opaque type for []int to satisfy flag.Value
 type IntSlice []int
 
 // Set parses the value into an integer and appends it to the list of values
@@ -183,9 +182,8 @@ func (f *IntSlice) Set(value string) error {
 	tmp, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else {
-		*f = append(*f, tmp)
 	}
+	*f = append(*f, tmp)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -206,13 +204,12 @@ type IntSliceFlag struct {
 	Value  *IntSlice
 	Usage  string
 	EnvVar string
+	Hidden bool
 }
 
 // String returns the usage
 func (f IntSliceFlag) String() string {
-	firstName := strings.Trim(strings.Split(f.Name, ",")[0], " ")
-	pref := prefixFor(firstName)
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s [%v]\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), pref+firstName+" option "+pref+firstName+" option", f.Usage))
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -226,7 +223,7 @@ func (f IntSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 					s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
 					err := newVal.Set(s)
 					if err != nil {
-						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+						fmt.Fprintf(ErrWriter, err.Error())
 					}
 				}
 				f.Value = newVal
@@ -243,6 +240,7 @@ func (f IntSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of the flag.
 func (f IntSliceFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
@@ -253,11 +251,12 @@ type BoolFlag struct {
 	Usage       string
 	EnvVar      string
 	Destination *bool
+	Hidden      bool
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value (for usage defaults)
 func (f BoolFlag) String() string {
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), f.Usage))
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -285,6 +284,7 @@ func (f BoolFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of the flag.
 func (f BoolFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
@@ -296,11 +296,12 @@ type BoolTFlag struct {
 	Usage       string
 	EnvVar      string
 	Destination *bool
+	Hidden      bool
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value (for usage defaults)
 func (f BoolTFlag) String() string {
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), f.Usage))
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -328,6 +329,7 @@ func (f BoolTFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of the flag.
 func (f BoolTFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
@@ -339,19 +341,12 @@ type StringFlag struct {
 	Usage       string
 	EnvVar      string
 	Destination *string
+	Hidden      bool
 }
 
 // String returns the usage
 func (f StringFlag) String() string {
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s %v\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), f.FormatValueHelp(), f.Usage))
-}
-
-func (f StringFlag) FormatValueHelp() string {
-	s := f.Value
-	if len(s) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", s)
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -375,6 +370,7 @@ func (f StringFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of the flag.
 func (f StringFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
@@ -387,11 +383,12 @@ type IntFlag struct {
 	Usage       string
 	EnvVar      string
 	Destination *int
+	Hidden      bool
 }
 
 // String returns the usage
 func (f IntFlag) String() string {
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s \"%v\"\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), f.Value, f.Usage))
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -418,6 +415,7 @@ func (f IntFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of the flag.
 func (f IntFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
@@ -430,11 +428,12 @@ type DurationFlag struct {
 	Usage       string
 	EnvVar      string
 	Destination *time.Duration
+	Hidden      bool
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value (for usage defaults)
 func (f DurationFlag) String() string {
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s \"%v\"\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), f.Value, f.Usage))
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -461,6 +460,7 @@ func (f DurationFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of the flag.
 func (f DurationFlag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
@@ -473,11 +473,12 @@ type Float64Flag struct {
 	Usage       string
 	EnvVar      string
 	Destination *float64
+	Hidden      bool
 }
 
 // String returns the usage
 func (f Float64Flag) String() string {
-	return withEnvHint(f.EnvVar, fmt.Sprintf("%s \"%v\"\t%v", prefixedNames(f.Name), f.Value, f.Usage))
+	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
@@ -503,10 +504,21 @@ func (f Float64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	})
 }
 
+// GetName returns the name of the flag.
 func (f Float64Flag) GetName() string {
 	return f.Name
 }
 
+func visibleFlags(fl []Flag) []Flag {
+	visible := []Flag{}
+	for _, flag := range fl {
+		if !reflect.ValueOf(flag).FieldByName("Hidden").Bool() {
+			visible = append(visible, flag)
+		}
+	}
+	return visible
+}
+
 func prefixFor(name string) (prefix string) {
 	if len(name) == 1 {
 		prefix = "-"
@@ -517,16 +529,37 @@ func prefixFor(name string) (prefix string) {
 	return
 }
 
-func prefixedNames(fullName string) (prefixed string) {
+// Returns the placeholder, if any, and the unquoted usage string.
+func unquoteUsage(usage string) (string, string) {
+	for i := 0; i < len(usage); i++ {
+		if usage[i] == '`' {
+			for j := i + 1; j < len(usage); j++ {
+				if usage[j] == '`' {
+					name := usage[i+1 : j]
+					usage = usage[:i] + name + usage[j+1:]
+					return name, usage
+				}
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return "", usage
+}
+
+func prefixedNames(fullName, placeholder string) string {
+	var prefixed string
 	parts := strings.Split(fullName, ",")
 	for i, name := range parts {
 		name = strings.Trim(name, " ")
 		prefixed += prefixFor(name) + name
+		if placeholder != "" {
+			prefixed += " " + placeholder
+		}
 		if i < len(parts)-1 {
 			prefixed += ", "
 		}
 	}
-	return
+	return prefixed
 }
 
 func withEnvHint(envVar, str string) string {
@@ -544,3 +577,83 @@ func withEnvHint(envVar, str string) string {
 	}
 	return str + envText
 }
+
+func stringifyFlag(f Flag) string {
+	fv := reflect.ValueOf(f)
+
+	switch f.(type) {
+	case IntSliceFlag:
+		return withEnvHint(fv.FieldByName("EnvVar").String(),
+			stringifyIntSliceFlag(f.(IntSliceFlag)))
+	case StringSliceFlag:
+		return withEnvHint(fv.FieldByName("EnvVar").String(),
+			stringifyStringSliceFlag(f.(StringSliceFlag)))
+	}
+
+	placeholder, usage := unquoteUsage(fv.FieldByName("Usage").String())
+
+	needsPlaceholder := false
+	defaultValueString := ""
+	val := fv.FieldByName("Value")
+
+	if val.IsValid() {
+		needsPlaceholder = true
+		defaultValueString = fmt.Sprintf(" (default: %v)", val.Interface())
+
+		if val.Kind() == reflect.String && val.String() != "" {
+			defaultValueString = fmt.Sprintf(" (default: %q)", val.String())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if defaultValueString == " (default: )" {
+		defaultValueString = ""
+	}
+
+	if needsPlaceholder && placeholder == "" {
+		placeholder = defaultPlaceholder
+	}
+
+	usageWithDefault := strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", usage, defaultValueString))
+
+	return withEnvHint(fv.FieldByName("EnvVar").String(),
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", prefixedNames(fv.FieldByName("Name").String(), placeholder), usageWithDefault))
+}
+
+func stringifyIntSliceFlag(f IntSliceFlag) string {
+	defaultVals := []string{}
+	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
+		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
+			defaultVals = append(defaultVals, fmt.Sprintf("%d", i))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Name, defaultVals)
+}
+
+func stringifyStringSliceFlag(f StringSliceFlag) string {
+	defaultVals := []string{}
+	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
+		for _, s := range f.Value.Value() {
+			if len(s) > 0 {
+				defaultVals = append(defaultVals, fmt.Sprintf("%q", s))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Name, defaultVals)
+}
+
+func stringifySliceFlag(usage, name string, defaultVals []string) string {
+	placeholder, usage := unquoteUsage(usage)
+	if placeholder == "" {
+		placeholder = defaultPlaceholder
+	}
+
+	defaultVal := ""
+	if len(defaultVals) > 0 {
+		defaultVal = fmt.Sprintf(" (default: %s)", strings.Join(defaultVals, ", "))
+	}
+
+	usageWithDefault := strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", usage, defaultVal))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", prefixedNames(name, placeholder), usageWithDefault)
+}

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/funcs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package cli
+
+// BashCompleteFunc is an action to execute when the bash-completion flag is set
+type BashCompleteFunc func(*Context)
+
+// BeforeFunc is an action to execute before any subcommands are run, but after
+// the context is ready if a non-nil error is returned, no subcommands are run
+type BeforeFunc func(*Context) error
+
+// AfterFunc is an action to execute after any subcommands are run, but after the
+// subcommand has finished it is run even if Action() panics
+type AfterFunc func(*Context) error
+
+// ActionFunc is the action to execute when no subcommands are specified
+type ActionFunc func(*Context) error
+
+// CommandNotFoundFunc is executed if the proper command cannot be found
+type CommandNotFoundFunc func(*Context, string)
+
+// OnUsageErrorFunc is executed if an usage error occurs. This is useful for displaying
+// customized usage error messages.  This function is able to replace the
+// original error messages.  If this function is not set, the "Incorrect usage"
+// is displayed and the execution is interrupted.
+type OnUsageErrorFunc func(context *Context, err error, isSubcommand bool) error
+
+// FlagStringFunc is used by the help generation to display a flag, which is
+// expected to be a single line.
+type FlagStringFunc func(Flag) string

Godeps/_workspace/src/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1/help.go

@@ -3,68 +3,74 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"text/template"
 )
 
-// The text template for the Default help topic.
+// AppHelpTemplate is the text template for the Default help topic.
 // cli.go uses text/template to render templates. You can
 // render custom help text by setting this variable.
 var AppHelpTemplate = `NAME:
    {{.Name}} - {{.Usage}}
 
 USAGE:
-   {{if .UsageText}}{{.UsageText}}{{else}}{{.HelpName}} {{if .Flags}}[global options]{{end}}{{if .Commands}} command [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}{{end}}
-   {{if .Version}}
+   {{if .UsageText}}{{.UsageText}}{{else}}{{.HelpName}} {{if .VisibleFlags}}[global options]{{end}}{{if .Commands}} command [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}{{end}}
+   {{if .Version}}{{if not .HideVersion}}
 VERSION:
    {{.Version}}
-   {{end}}{{if len .Authors}}
+   {{end}}{{end}}{{if len .Authors}}
 AUTHOR(S):
-   {{range .Authors}}{{ . }}{{end}}
-   {{end}}{{if .Commands}}
-COMMANDS:
-   {{range .Commands}}{{join .Names ", "}}{{ "\t" }}{{.Usage}}
-   {{end}}{{end}}{{if .Flags}}
+   {{range .Authors}}{{.}}{{end}}
+   {{end}}{{if .VisibleCommands}}
+COMMANDS:{{range .VisibleCategories}}{{if .Name}}
+   {{.Name}}:{{end}}{{range .VisibleCommands}}
+     {{.Name}}{{with .ShortName}}, {{.}}{{end}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}
+{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
 GLOBAL OPTIONS:
-   {{range .Flags}}{{.}}
-   {{end}}{{end}}{{if .Copyright }}
+   {{range .VisibleFlags}}{{.}}
+   {{end}}{{end}}{{if .Copyright}}
 COPYRIGHT:
    {{.Copyright}}
    {{end}}
 `
 
-// The text template for the command help topic.
+// CommandHelpTemplate is the text template for the command help topic.
 // cli.go uses text/template to render templates. You can
 // render custom help text by setting this variable.
 var CommandHelpTemplate = `NAME:
    {{.HelpName}} - {{.Usage}}
 
 USAGE:
-   {{.HelpName}}{{if .Flags}} [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}{{if .Description}}
+   {{.HelpName}}{{if .VisibleFlags}} [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}{{if .Category}}
+
+CATEGORY:
+   {{.Category}}{{end}}{{if .Description}}
 
 DESCRIPTION:
-   {{.Description}}{{end}}{{if .Flags}}
+   {{.Description}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
 
 OPTIONS:
-   {{range .Flags}}{{.}}
-   {{end}}{{ end }}
+   {{range .VisibleFlags}}{{.}}
+   {{end}}{{end}}
 `
 
-// The text template for the subcommand help topic.
+// SubcommandHelpTemplate is the text template for the subcommand help topic.
 // cli.go uses text/template to render templates. You can
 // render custom help text by setting this variable.
 var SubcommandHelpTemplate = `NAME:
    {{.HelpName}} - {{.Usage}}
 
 USAGE:
-   {{.HelpName}} command{{if .Flags}} [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}
+   {{.HelpName}} command{{if .VisibleFlags}} [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}
 
-COMMANDS:
-   {{range .Commands}}{{join .Names ", "}}{{ "\t" }}{{.Usage}}
-   {{end}}{{if .Flags}}
+COMMANDS:{{range .VisibleCategories}}{{if .Name}}
+   {{.Name}}:{{end}}{{range .VisibleCommands}}
+     {{.Name}}{{with .ShortName}}, {{.}}{{end}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}
+{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
 OPTIONS:
-   {{range .Flags}}{{.}}
+   {{range .VisibleFlags}}{{.}}
    {{end}}{{end}}
 `
 
@@ -73,13 +79,14 @@ var helpCommand = Command{
 	Aliases:   []string{"h"},
 	Usage:     "Shows a list of commands or help for one command",
 	ArgsUsage: "[command]",
-	Action: func(c *Context) {
+	Action: func(c *Context) error {
 		args := c.Args()
 		if args.Present() {
-			ShowCommandHelp(c, args.First())
-		} else {
-			ShowAppHelp(c)
+			return ShowCommandHelp(c, args.First())
 		}
+
+		ShowAppHelp(c)
+		return nil
 	},
 }
 
@@ -88,65 +95,73 @@ var helpSubcommand = Command{
 	Aliases:   []string{"h"},
 	Usage:     "Shows a list of commands or help for one command",
 	ArgsUsage: "[command]",
-	Action: func(c *Context) {
+	Action: func(c *Context) error {
 		args := c.Args()
 		if args.Present() {
-			ShowCommandHelp(c, args.First())
-		} else {
-			ShowSubcommandHelp(c)
+			return ShowCommandHelp(c, args.First())
 		}
+
+		return ShowSubcommandHelp(c)
 	},
 }
 
 // Prints help for the App or Command
 type helpPrinter func(w io.Writer, templ string, data interface{})
 
+// HelpPrinter is a function that writes the help output. If not set a default
+// is used. The function signature is:
+// func(w io.Writer, templ string, data interface{})
 var HelpPrinter helpPrinter = printHelp
 
-// Prints version for the App
+// VersionPrinter prints the version for the App
 var VersionPrinter = printVersion
 
+// ShowAppHelp is an action that displays the help.
 func ShowAppHelp(c *Context) {
 	HelpPrinter(c.App.Writer, AppHelpTemplate, c.App)
 }
 
-// Prints the list of subcommands as the default app completion method
+// DefaultAppComplete prints the list of subcommands as the default app completion method
 func DefaultAppComplete(c *Context) {
 	for _, command := range c.App.Commands {
+		if command.Hidden {
+			continue
+		}
 		for _, name := range command.Names() {
 			fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, name)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// Prints help for the given command
-func ShowCommandHelp(ctx *Context, command string) {
+// ShowCommandHelp prints help for the given command
+func ShowCommandHelp(ctx *Context, command string) error {
 	// show the subcommand help for a command with subcommands
 	if command == "" {
 		HelpPrinter(ctx.App.Writer, SubcommandHelpTemplate, ctx.App)
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range ctx.App.Commands {
 		if c.HasName(command) {
 			HelpPrinter(ctx.App.Writer, CommandHelpTemplate, c)
-			return
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
-	if ctx.App.CommandNotFound != nil {
-		ctx.App.CommandNotFound(ctx, command)
-	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(ctx.App.Writer, "No help topic for '%v'\n", command)
+	if ctx.App.CommandNotFound == nil {
+		return NewExitError(fmt.Sprintf("No help topic for '%v'", command), 3)
 	}
+
+	ctx.App.CommandNotFound(ctx, command)
+	return nil
 }
 
-// Prints help for the given subcommand
-func ShowSubcommandHelp(c *Context) {
-	ShowCommandHelp(c, c.Command.Name)
+// ShowSubcommandHelp prints help for the given subcommand
+func ShowSubcommandHelp(c *Context) error {
+	return ShowCommandHelp(c, c.Command.Name)
 }
 
-// Prints the version number of the App
+// ShowVersion prints the version number of the App
 func ShowVersion(c *Context) {
 	VersionPrinter(c)
 }
@@ -155,7 +170,7 @@ func printVersion(c *Context) {
 	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "%v version %v\n", c.App.Name, c.App.Version)
 }
 
-// Prints the lists of commands within a given context
+// ShowCompletions prints the lists of commands within a given context
 func ShowCompletions(c *Context) {
 	a := c.App
 	if a != nil && a.BashComplete != nil {
@@ -163,7 +178,7 @@ func ShowCompletions(c *Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Prints the custom completions for a given command
+// ShowCommandCompletions prints the custom completions for a given command
 func ShowCommandCompletions(ctx *Context, command string) {
 	c := ctx.App.Command(command)
 	if c != nil && c.BashComplete != nil {
@@ -181,7 +196,10 @@ func printHelp(out io.Writer, templ string, data interface{}) {
 	err := t.Execute(w, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		// If the writer is closed, t.Execute will fail, and there's nothing
-		// we can do to recover. We could send this to os.Stderr if we need.
+		// we can do to recover.
+		if os.Getenv("CLI_TEMPLATE_ERROR_DEBUG") != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(ErrWriter, "CLI TEMPLATE ERROR: %#v\n", err)
+		}
 		return
 	}
 	w.Flush()

Makefile

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # with Go source code. If you know what GOPATH is then you probably
 # don't need to bother with make.
 
-.PHONY: geth geth-cross evm all test travis-test-with-coverage xgo clean
-.PHONY: geth-linux geth-linux-386 geth-linux-amd64
+.PHONY: geth geth-cross evm all test clean
+.PHONY: geth-linux geth-linux-386 geth-linux-amd64 geth-linux-mips64 geth-linux-mips64le
 .PHONY: geth-linux-arm geth-linux-arm-5 geth-linux-arm-6 geth-linux-arm-7 geth-linux-arm64
 .PHONY: geth-darwin geth-darwin-386 geth-darwin-amd64
 .PHONY: geth-windows geth-windows-386 geth-windows-amd64
@@ -13,25 +13,41 @@ GOBIN = build/bin
 GO ?= latest
 
 geth:
-	build/env.sh go build -i -v $(shell build/flags.sh) -o $(GOBIN)/geth ./cmd/geth
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Done building."
 	@echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/geth\" to launch geth."
 
+evm:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install ./cmd/evm
+	@echo "Done building."
+	@echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/evm to start the evm."
+
+all:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install
+
+test: all
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go test
+
+clean:
+	rm -fr build/_workspace/pkg/ Godeps/_workspace/pkg $(GOBIN)/*
+
+# Cross Compilation Targets (xgo)
+
 geth-cross: geth-linux geth-darwin geth-windows geth-android geth-ios
 	@echo "Full cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-*
 
-geth-linux: geth-linux-386 geth-linux-amd64 geth-linux-arm
+geth-linux: geth-linux-386 geth-linux-amd64 geth-linux-arm geth-linux-mips64 geth-linux-mips64le
 	@echo "Linux cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-*
 
-geth-linux-386: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/386 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-linux-386:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/386 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Linux 386 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep 386
 
-geth-linux-amd64: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/amd64 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-linux-amd64:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/amd64 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Linux amd64 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep amd64
 
@@ -39,37 +55,47 @@ geth-linux-arm: geth-linux-arm-5 geth-linux-arm-6 geth-linux-arm-7 geth-linux-ar
 	@echo "Linux ARM cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm
 
-geth-linux-arm-5: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm-5 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-linux-arm-5:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm-5 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Linux ARMv5 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm-5
 
-geth-linux-arm-6: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm-6 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-linux-arm-6:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm-6 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Linux ARMv6 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm-6
 
-geth-linux-arm-7: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm-7 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-linux-arm-7:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm-7 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Linux ARMv7 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm-7
 
-geth-linux-arm64: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm64 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-linux-arm64:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/arm64 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Linux ARM64 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm64
 
+geth-linux-mips64:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/mips64 -v ./cmd/geth
+	@echo "Linux MIPS64 cross compilation done:"
+	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep mips64
+
+geth-linux-mips64le:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=linux/mips64le -v ./cmd/geth
+	@echo "Linux MIPS64le cross compilation done:"
+	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep mips64le
+
 geth-darwin: geth-darwin-386 geth-darwin-amd64
 	@echo "Darwin cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-darwin-*
 
-geth-darwin-386: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=darwin/386 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-darwin-386:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=darwin/386 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Darwin 386 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-darwin-* | grep 386
 
-geth-darwin-amd64: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=darwin/amd64 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-darwin-amd64:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=darwin/amd64 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Darwin amd64 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-darwin-* | grep amd64
 
@@ -77,45 +103,22 @@ geth-windows: geth-windows-386 geth-windows-amd64
 	@echo "Windows cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-windows-*
 
-geth-windows-386: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=windows/386 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-windows-386:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=windows/386 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Windows 386 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-windows-* | grep 386
 
-geth-windows-amd64: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=windows/amd64 -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-windows-amd64:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=windows/amd64 -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Windows amd64 cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-windows-* | grep amd64
 
-geth-android: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=android-21/aar -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-android:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=android-21/aar -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Android cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-android-*
 
-geth-ios: xgo
-	build/env.sh $(GOBIN)/xgo --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=ios-7.0/framework -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/geth
+geth-ios:
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --dest=$(GOBIN) --targets=ios-7.0/framework -v ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "iOS framework cross compilation done:"
 	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-ios-*
-
-evm:
-	build/env.sh $(GOROOT)/bin/go install -v $(shell build/flags.sh) ./cmd/evm
-	@echo "Done building."
-	@echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/evm to start the evm."
-
-all:
-	for cmd in `ls ./cmd/`; do \
-		 build/env.sh go build -i -v $(shell build/flags.sh) -o $(GOBIN)/$$cmd ./cmd/$$cmd; \
-	done
-
-test: all
-	build/env.sh go test ./...
-
-travis-test-with-coverage: all
-	build/env.sh go vet ./...
-	build/env.sh build/test-global-coverage.sh
-
-xgo:
-	build/env.sh go get github.com/karalabe/xgo
-
-clean:
-	rm -fr build/_workspace/pkg/ Godeps/_workspace/pkg $(GOBIN)/*

README.md

@@ -54,6 +54,197 @@ The go-ethereum project comes with several wrappers/executables found in the `cm
 | `gethrpctest` | Developer utility tool to support our [ethereum/rpc-test](https://github.com/ethereum/rpc-tests) test suite which validates baseline conformity to the [Ethereum JSON RPC](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC) specs. Please see the [test suite's readme](https://github.com/ethereum/rpc-tests/blob/master/README.md) for details. |
 | `rlpdump` | Developer utility tool to convert binary RLP ([Recursive Length Prefix](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/RLP)) dumps (data encoding used by the Ethereum protocol both network as well as consensus wise) to user friendlier hierarchical representation (e.g. `rlpdump --hex CE0183FFFFFFC4C304050583616263`). |
 
+## Running geth
+
+Going through all the possible command line flags is out of scope here (please consult our
+[CLI Wiki page](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Command-Line-Options)), but we've
+enumerated a few common parameter combos to get you up to speed quickly on how you can run your
+own Geth instance.
+
+### Full node on the main Ethereum network
+
+By far the most common scenario is people wanting to simply interact with the Ethereum network:
+create accounts; transfer funds; deploy and interact with contracts. For this particular use-case
+the user doesn't care about years-old historical data, so we can fast-sync quickly to the current
+state of the network. To do so:
+
+```
+$ geth --fast --cache=512 console
+```
+
+This command will:
+
+ * Start geth in fast sync mode (`--fast`), causing it to download more data in exchange for avoiding
+   processing the entire history of the Ethereum network, which is very CPU intensive.
+ * Bump the memory allowance of the database to 512MB (`--cache=512`), which can help significantly in
+   sync times especially for HDD users. This flag is optional and you can set it as high or as low as
+   you'd like, though we'd recommend the 512MB - 2GB range.
+ * Start up Geth's built-in interactive [JavaScript console](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/JavaScript-Console),
+   (via the trailing `console` subcommand) through which you can invoke all official [`web3` methods](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JavaScript-API)
+   as well as Geth's own [management APIs](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Management-APIs).
+   This too is optional and if you leave it out you can always attach to an already running Geth instance
+   with `geth --attach`.
+
+### Full node on the Ethereum test network
+
+Transitioning towards developers, if you'd like to play around with creating Ethereum contracts, you
+almost certainly would like to do that without any real money involved until you get the hang of the
+entire system. In other words, instead of attaching to the main network, you want to join the **test**
+network with your node, which is fully equivalent to the main network, but with play-Ether only.
+
+```
+$ geth --testnet --fast --cache=512 console
+```
+
+The `--fast`, `--cache` flags and `console` subcommand have the exact same meaning as above and they
+are equially useful on the testnet too. Please see above for their explanations if you've skipped to
+here.
+
+Specifying the `--testnet` flag however will reconfigure your Geth instance a bit:
+
+ * Instead of using the default data directory (`~/.ethereum` on Linux for example), Geth will nest
+   itself one level deeper into a `testnet` subfolder (`~/.ethereum/testnet` on Linux).
+ * Instead of connecting the main Ethereum network, the client will connect to the test network,
+   which uses different P2P bootnodes, different network IDs and genesis states.
+
+*Note: Although there are some internal protective measures to prevent transactions from crossing
+over between the main network and test network (different starting nonces), you should make sure to
+always use separate accounts for play-money and real-money. Unless you manually move accounts, Geth
+will by default correctly separate the two networks and will not make any accounts available between
+them.*
+
+### Programatically interfacing Geth nodes
+
+As a developer, sooner rather than later you'll want to start interacting with Geth and the Ethereum
+network via your own programs and not manually through the console. To aid this, Geth has built in
+support for a JSON-RPC based APIs ([standard APIs](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC) and
+[Geth specific APIs](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Management-APIs)). These can be
+exposed via HTTP, WebSockets and IPC (unix sockets on unix based platroms, and named pipes on Windows).
+
+The IPC interface is enabled by default and exposes all the APIs supported by Geth, whereas the HTTP
+and WS interfaces need to manually be enabled and only expose a subset of APIs due to security reasons.
+These can be turned on/off and configured as you'd expect.
+
+HTTP based JSON-RPC API options:
+
+  * `--rpc` Enable the HTTP-RPC server
+  * `--rpcaddr` HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
+  * `--rpcport` HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
+  * `--rpcapi` API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface (default: "eth,net,web3")
+  * `--rpccorsdomain` Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
+  * `--ws` Enable the WS-RPC server
+  * `--wsaddr` WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
+  * `--wsport` WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
+  * `--wsapi` API's offered over the WS-RPC interface (default: "eth,net,web3")
+  * `--wsorigins` Origins from which to accept websockets requests
+  * `--ipcdisable` Disable the IPC-RPC server
+  * `--ipcapi` API's offered over the IPC-RPC interface (default: "admin,debug,eth,miner,net,personal,shh,txpool,web3")
+  * `--ipcpath` Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
+
+You'll need to use your own programming environments' capabilities (libraries, tools, etc) to connect
+via HTTP, WS or IPC to a Geth node configured with the above flags and you'll need to speak [JSON-RPC](http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification)
+on all transports. You can reuse the same connection for multiple requests!
+
+**Note: Please understand the security implications of opening up an HTTP/WS based transport before
+doing so! Hackers on the internet are actively trying to subvert Ethereum nodes with exposed APIs!
+Further, all browser tabs can access locally running webservers, so malicious webpages could try to
+subvert locally available APIs!**
+
+### Operating a private network
+
+Maintaining your own private network is more involved as a lot of configurations taken for granted in
+the official networks need to be manually set up.
+
+#### Defining the private genesis state
+
+First, you'll need to create the genesis state of your networks, which all nodes need to be aware of
+and agree upon. This consists of a small JSON file (e.g. call it `genesis.json`):
+
+```json
+{
+  "alloc"      : {},
+  "coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+  "difficulty" : "0x20000",
+  "extraData"  : "",
+  "gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
+  "nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
+  "mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+  "parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+  "timestamp"  : "0x00"
+}
+```
+
+The above fields should be fine for most purposes, although we'd recommend changing the `nonce` to
+some random value so you prevent unknown remote nodes from being able to connect to you. If you'd
+like to pre-fund some accounts for easier testing, you can populate the `alloc` field with account
+configs:
+
+```json
+"alloc": {
+  "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {"balance": "111111111"},
+  "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {"balance": "222222222"}
+}
+```
+
+With the genesis state defined in the above JSON file, you'll need to initialize **every** Geth node
+with it prior to starting it up to ensure all blockchain parameters are correctly set:
+
+```
+$ geth init path/to/genesis.json
+```
+
+#### Creating the rendezvous point
+
+With all nodes that you want to run initialized to the desired genesis state, you'll need to start a
+bootstrap node that others can use to find each other in your network and/or over the internet. The
+clean way is to configure and run a dedicated bootnode:
+
+```
+$ bootnode --genkey=boot.key
+$ bootnode --nodekey=boot.key
+```
+
+With the bootnode online, it will display an [`enode` URL](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/enode-url-format)
+that other nodes can use to connect to it and exchange peer information. Make sure to replace the
+displayed IP address information (most probably `[::]`) with your externally accessible IP to get the
+actual `enode` URL.
+
+*Note: You could also use a full fledged Geth node as a bootnode, but it's the less recommended way.*
+
+#### Starting up your member nodes
+
+With the bootnode operational and externally reachable (you can try `telnet <ip> <port>` to ensure
+it's indeed reachable), start every subsequent Geth node pointed to the bootnode for peer discovery
+via the `--bootnodes` flag. It will probably also be desirable to keep the data directory of your
+private network separated, so do also specify a custom `--datadir` flag.
+
+```
+$ geth --datadir=path/to/custom/data/folder --bootnodes=<bootnode-enode-url-from-above>
+```
+
+*Note: Since your network will be completely cut off from the main and test networks, you'll also
+need to configure a miner to process transactions and create new blocks for you.*
+
+#### Running a private miner
+
+Mining on the public Ethereum network is a complex task as it's only feasible using GPUs, requiring
+an OpenCL or CUDA enabled `ethminer` instance. For information on such a setup, please consult the
+[EtherMining subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/EtherMining/) and the [Genoil miner](https://github.com/Genoil/cpp-ethereum)
+repository.
+
+In a private network setting however, a single CPU miner instance is more than enough for practical
+purposes as it can produce a stable stream of blocks at the correct intervals without needing heavy
+resources (consider running on a single thread, no need for multiple ones either). To start a Geth
+instance for mining, run it with all your usual flags, extended by:
+
+```
+$ geth <usual-flags> --mine --minerthreads=1 --etherbase=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+```
+
+Which will start mining bocks and transactions on a single CPU thread, crediting all proceedings to
+the account specified by `--etherbase`. You can further tune the mining by changing the default gas
+limit blocks converge to (`--targetgaslimit`) and the price transactions are accepted at (`--gasprice`).
+
 ## Contribution
 
 Thank you for considering to help out with the source code! We welcome contributions from

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.4.6
+1.4.16

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) Commit() {
 
 // Rollback aborts all pending transactions, reverting to the last committed state.
 func (b *SimulatedBackend) Rollback() {
-	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), b.database, 1, func(int, *core.BlockGen) {})
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(nil, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), b.database, 1, func(int, *core.BlockGen) {})
 
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
 	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), b.database)
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) ContractCall(contract common.Address, data []byte, pe
 		statedb *state.StateDB
 	)
 	if pending {
-		block, statedb = b.pendingBlock, b.pendingState.Copy()
+		block, statedb = b.pendingBlock, b.pendingState
+		defer statedb.RevertToSnapshot(statedb.Snapshot())
 	} else {
 		block = b.blockchain.CurrentBlock()
 		statedb, _ = b.blockchain.State()
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) ContractCall(contract common.Address, data []byte, pe
 		value:    new(big.Int),
 		data:     data,
 	}
+
 	// Execute the call and return
 	vmenv := core.NewEnv(statedb, chainConfig, b.blockchain, msg, block.Header(), vm.Config{})
 	gaspool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(common.MaxBig)
@@ -146,8 +148,10 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) EstimateGasLimit(sender common.Address, contract *com
 	// Create a copy of the currently pending state db to screw around with
 	var (
 		block   = b.pendingBlock
-		statedb = b.pendingState.Copy()
+		statedb = b.pendingState
 	)
+	defer statedb.RevertToSnapshot(statedb.Snapshot())
+
 	// If there's no code to interact with, respond with an appropriate error
 	if contract != nil {
 		if code := statedb.GetCode(*contract); len(code) == 0 {
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) EstimateGasLimit(sender common.Address, contract *com
 // SendTransaction implements ContractTransactor.SendTransaction, delegating the raw
 // transaction injection to the remote node.
 func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(tx *types.Transaction) error {
-	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(nil, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
 		for _, tx := range b.pendingBlock.Transactions() {
 			block.AddTx(tx)
 		}

accounts/abi/method.go

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (m Method) pack(method Method, args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 			// calculate the offset
 			offset := len(method.Inputs)*32 + len(variableInput)
 			// set the offset
-			ret = append(ret, packNum(reflect.ValueOf(offset), UintTy)...)
+			ret = append(ret, packNum(reflect.ValueOf(offset))...)
 			// Append the packed output to the variable input. The variable input
 			// will be appended at the end of the input.
 			variableInput = append(variableInput, packed...)

accounts/abi/numbers.go

@@ -56,61 +56,21 @@ var (
 	big_ts   = reflect.TypeOf([]*big.Int(nil))
 )
 
-// U256 will ensure unsigned 256bit on big nums
+// U256 converts a big Int into a 256bit EVM number.
 func U256(n *big.Int) []byte {
 	return common.LeftPadBytes(common.U256(n).Bytes(), 32)
 }
 
-func S256(n *big.Int) []byte {
-	sint := common.S256(n)
-	ret := common.LeftPadBytes(sint.Bytes(), 32)
-	if sint.Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {
-		for i, b := range ret {
-			if b == 0 {
-				ret[i] = 1
-				continue
-			}
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ret
-}
-
-// S256 will ensure signed 256bit on big nums
-func U2U256(n uint64) []byte {
-	return U256(big.NewInt(int64(n)))
-}
-
-func S2S256(n int64) []byte {
-	return S256(big.NewInt(n))
-}
-
 // packNum packs the given number (using the reflect value) and will cast it to appropriate number representation
-func packNum(value reflect.Value, to byte) []byte {
+func packNum(value reflect.Value) []byte {
 	switch kind := value.Kind(); kind {
 	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
-		if to == UintTy {
-			return U2U256(value.Uint())
-		} else {
-			return S2S256(int64(value.Uint()))
-		}
+		return U256(new(big.Int).SetUint64(value.Uint()))
 	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-		if to == UintTy {
-			return U2U256(uint64(value.Int()))
-		} else {
-			return S2S256(value.Int())
-		}
+		return U256(big.NewInt(value.Int()))
 	case reflect.Ptr:
-		// This only takes care of packing and casting. No type checking is done here. It should be done prior to using this function.
-		if to == UintTy {
-			return U256(value.Interface().(*big.Int))
-		} else {
-			return S256(value.Interface().(*big.Int))
-		}
-
+		return U256(value.Interface().(*big.Int))
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 

accounts/abi/numbers_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package abi
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"math"
 	"math/big"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
@@ -26,49 +27,46 @@ import (
 func TestNumberTypes(t *testing.T) {
 	ubytes := make([]byte, 32)
 	ubytes[31] = 1
-	sbytesmin := []byte{1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
 
 	unsigned := U256(big.NewInt(1))
 	if !bytes.Equal(unsigned, ubytes) {
 		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", ubytes, unsigned)
 	}
-
-	signed := S256(big.NewInt(1))
-	if !bytes.Equal(signed, ubytes) {
-		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", ubytes, unsigned)
-	}
-
-	signed = S256(big.NewInt(-1))
-	if !bytes.Equal(signed, sbytesmin) {
-		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", ubytes, unsigned)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestPackNumber(t *testing.T) {
-	ubytes := make([]byte, 32)
-	ubytes[31] = 1
-	sbytesmin := []byte{1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
-	maxunsigned := []byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255}
+	tests := []struct {
+		value  reflect.Value
+		packed []byte
+	}{
+		// Protocol limits
+		{reflect.ValueOf(0), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(1), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(-1), []byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255}},
 
-	packed := packNum(reflect.ValueOf(1), IntTy)
-	if !bytes.Equal(packed, ubytes) {
-		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", ubytes, packed)
-	}
-	packed = packNum(reflect.ValueOf(-1), IntTy)
-	if !bytes.Equal(packed, sbytesmin) {
-		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", ubytes, packed)
-	}
-	packed = packNum(reflect.ValueOf(1), UintTy)
-	if !bytes.Equal(packed, ubytes) {
-		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", ubytes, packed)
-	}
-	packed = packNum(reflect.ValueOf(-1), UintTy)
-	if !bytes.Equal(packed, maxunsigned) {
-		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", maxunsigned, packed)
-	}
+		// Type corner cases
+		{reflect.ValueOf(uint8(math.MaxUint8)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(uint16(math.MaxUint16)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 255}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(uint32(math.MaxUint32)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(uint64(math.MaxUint64)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255}},
 
-	packed = packNum(reflect.ValueOf("string"), UintTy)
-	if packed != nil {
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int8(math.MaxInt8)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 127}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int16(math.MaxInt16)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 127, 255}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int32(math.MaxInt32)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 127, 255, 255, 255}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int64(math.MaxInt64)), []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 127, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255}},
+
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int8(math.MinInt8)), []byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 128}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int16(math.MinInt16)), []byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 128, 0}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int32(math.MinInt32)), []byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 128, 0, 0, 0}},
+		{reflect.ValueOf(int64(math.MinInt64)), []byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}},
+	}
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		packed := packNum(tt.value)
+		if !bytes.Equal(packed, tt.packed) {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: pack mismatch: have %x, want %x", i, packed, tt.packed)
+		}
+	}
+	if packed := packNum(reflect.ValueOf("string")); packed != nil {
 		t.Errorf("expected 'string' to pack to nil. got %x instead", packed)
 	}
 }

accounts/abi/packing.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 // packBytesSlice packs the given bytes as [L, V] as the canonical representation
 // bytes slice
 func packBytesSlice(bytes []byte, l int) []byte {
-	len := packNum(reflect.ValueOf(l), UintTy)
+	len := packNum(reflect.ValueOf(l))
 	return append(len, common.RightPadBytes(bytes, (l+31)/32*32)...)
 }
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func packBytesSlice(bytes []byte, l int) []byte {
 func packElement(t Type, reflectValue reflect.Value) []byte {
 	switch t.T {
 	case IntTy, UintTy:
-		return packNum(reflectValue, t.T)
+		return packNum(reflectValue)
 	case StringTy:
 		return packBytesSlice([]byte(reflectValue.String()), reflectValue.Len())
 	case AddressTy:

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+os: Visual Studio 2015
+
+# Clone directly into GOPATH.
+clone_folder: c:\gopath\src\github.com\ethereum\go-ethereum
+clone_depth: 5
+version: "{branch}.{build}"
+environment:
+  global:
+    # Go stuff
+    GOPATH: c:\gopath
+    GO: c:\go\bin\go
+    GOROOT: c:\go
+    CC: C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe
+    # MSYS2 stuff
+    MSYS2_ARCH: x86_64
+    MSYSTEM: MINGW64
+    PATH: C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\;%PATH%
+
+install:
+  - "%GO% version"
+  - "%CC% --version"
+
+build_script:
+  - "%GO% run build\\ci.go install"
+
+test_script:
+  - "%GO% run build\\ci.go test -vet -coverage"
+
+after_build:
+  - "%GO% run build\\ci.go archive -type zip"
+
+artifacts:
+  - path: geth-*.zip

build/ci-notes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Debian Packaging
+
+Tagged releases and develop branch commits are available as installable Debian packages
+for Ubuntu. Packages are built for the all Ubuntu versions which are supported by
+Canonical:
+
+- Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)
+- Wily Werewolf (15.10)
+- Xenial Xerus (16.04 LTS)
+- Yakkety Yak (16.10)
+
+Packages of develop branch commits have suffix -unstable and cannot be installed alongside
+the stable version. Switching between release streams requires user intervention.
+
+The packages are built and served by launchpad.net. We generate a Debian source package
+for each distribution and upload it. Their builder picks up the source package, builds it
+and installs the new version into the PPA repository. Launchpad requires a valid signature
+by a team member for source package uploads. The signing key is stored in an environment
+variable which Travis CI makes available to certain builds.
+
+We want to build go-ethereum with the most recent version of Go, irrespective of the Go
+version that is available in the main Ubuntu repository. In order to make this possible,
+our PPA depends on the ~gophers/ubuntu/archive PPA. Our source package build-depends on
+golang-1.7, which is co-installable alongside the regular golang package. PPA dependencies
+can be edited at https://launchpad.net/%7Elp-fjl/+archive/ubuntu/geth-ci-testing/+edit-dependencies
+
+## Building Packages Locally (for testing)
+
+You need to run Ubuntu to do test packaging.
+
+Add the gophers PPA and install Go 1.7 and Debian packaging tools:
+
+    $ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:gophers/ubuntu/archive
+    $ sudo apt-get update
+    $ sudo apt-get install build-essential golang-1.7 devscripts debhelper
+
+Create the source packages:
+
+    $ go run build/ci.go debsrc -workdir dist
+
+Then go into the source package directory for your running distribution and build the package:
+
+    $ cd dist/ethereum-unstable-1.5.0+xenial
+    $ dpkg-buildpackage
+
+Built packages are placed in the dist/ directory.
+
+    $ cd ..
+    $ dpkg-deb -c geth-unstable_1.5.0+xenial_amd64.deb

build/ci.go

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// +build none
+
+/*
+The ci command is called from Continuous Integration scripts.
+
+Usage: go run ci.go <command> <command flags/arguments>
+
+Available commands are:
+
+   install    [ packages... ]                          -- builds packages and executables
+   test       [ -coverage ] [ -vet ] [ packages... ]   -- runs the tests
+   archive    [ -type zip|tar ]                        -- archives build artefacts
+   importkeys                                          -- imports signing keys from env
+   debsrc     [ -sign key-id ] [ -upload dest ]        -- creates a debian source package
+   xgo        [ options ]                              -- cross builds according to options
+
+For all commands, -n prevents execution of external programs (dry run mode).
+
+*/
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"../internal/build"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Files that end up in the geth*.zip archive.
+	gethArchiveFiles = []string{
+		"COPYING",
+		executablePath("geth"),
+	}
+
+	// Files that end up in the geth-alltools*.zip archive.
+	allToolsArchiveFiles = []string{
+		"COPYING",
+		executablePath("abigen"),
+		executablePath("evm"),
+		executablePath("geth"),
+		executablePath("rlpdump"),
+	}
+
+	// A debian package is created for all executables listed here.
+	debExecutables = []debExecutable{
+		{
+			Name:        "geth",
+			Description: "Ethereum CLI client.",
+		},
+		{
+			Name:        "rlpdump",
+			Description: "Developer utility tool that prints RLP structures.",
+		},
+		{
+			Name:        "evm",
+			Description: "Developer utility version of the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) that is capable of running bytecode snippets within a configurable environment and execution mode.",
+		},
+		{
+			Name:        "abigen",
+			Description: "Source code generator to convert Ethereum contract definitions into easy to use, compile-time type-safe Go packages.",
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Distros for which packages are created.
+	// Note: vivid is unsupported because there is no golang-1.6 package for it.
+	debDistros = []string{"trusty", "wily", "xenial", "yakkety"}
+)
+
+var GOBIN, _ = filepath.Abs(filepath.Join("build", "bin"))
+
+func executablePath(name string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		name += ".exe"
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(GOBIN, name)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	log.SetFlags(log.Lshortfile)
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join("build", "ci.go")); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		log.Fatal("this script must be run from the root of the repository")
+	}
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
+		log.Fatal("need subcommand as first argument")
+	}
+	switch os.Args[1] {
+	case "install":
+		doInstall(os.Args[2:])
+	case "test":
+		doTest(os.Args[2:])
+	case "archive":
+		doArchive(os.Args[2:])
+	case "debsrc":
+		doDebianSource(os.Args[2:])
+	case "xgo":
+		doXgo(os.Args[2:])
+	default:
+		log.Fatal("unknown command ", os.Args[1])
+	}
+}
+
+// Compiling
+
+func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
+	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
+	env := build.Env()
+
+	// Check Go version. People regularly open issues about compilation
+	// failure with outdated Go. This should save them the trouble.
+	if runtime.Version() < "go1.4" && !strings.HasPrefix(runtime.Version(), "devel") {
+		log.Println("You have Go version", runtime.Version())
+		log.Println("go-ethereum requires at least Go version 1.4 and cannot")
+		log.Println("be compiled with an earlier version. Please upgrade your Go installation.")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	// Compile packages given as arguments, or everything if there are no arguments.
+	packages := []string{"./..."}
+	if flag.NArg() > 0 {
+		packages = flag.Args()
+	}
+
+	goinstall := goTool("install", buildFlags(env)...)
+	goinstall.Args = append(goinstall.Args, "-v")
+	goinstall.Args = append(goinstall.Args, packages...)
+	build.MustRun(goinstall)
+}
+
+func buildFlags(env build.Environment) (flags []string) {
+	if os.Getenv("GO_OPENCL") != "" {
+		flags = append(flags, "-tags", "opencl")
+	}
+
+	// Since Go 1.5, the separator char for link time assignments
+	// is '=' and using ' ' prints a warning. However, Go < 1.5 does
+	// not support using '='.
+	sep := " "
+	if runtime.Version() > "go1.5" || strings.Contains(runtime.Version(), "devel") {
+		sep = "="
+	}
+	// Set gitCommit constant via link-time assignment.
+	if env.Commit != "" {
+		flags = append(flags, "-ldflags", "-X main.gitCommit"+sep+env.Commit)
+	}
+	return flags
+}
+
+func goTool(subcmd string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
+	gocmd := filepath.Join(runtime.GOROOT(), "bin", "go")
+	cmd := exec.Command(gocmd, subcmd)
+	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, args...)
+	cmd.Env = []string{
+		"GOPATH=" + build.GOPATH(),
+		"GOBIN=" + GOBIN,
+	}
+	for _, e := range os.Environ() {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOPATH=") || strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOBIN=") {
+			continue
+		}
+		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, e)
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// Running The Tests
+//
+// "tests" also includes static analysis tools such as vet.
+
+func doTest(cmdline []string) {
+	var (
+		vet      = flag.Bool("vet", false, "Whether to run go vet")
+		coverage = flag.Bool("coverage", false, "Whether to record code coverage")
+	)
+	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
+	packages := []string{"./..."}
+	if len(flag.CommandLine.Args()) > 0 {
+		packages = flag.CommandLine.Args()
+	}
+
+	// Run analysis tools before the tests.
+	if *vet {
+		build.MustRun(goTool("vet", packages...))
+	}
+
+	// Run the actual tests.
+	gotest := goTool("test")
+	// Test a single package at a time. CI builders are slow
+	// and some tests run into timeouts under load.
+	gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, "-p", "1")
+	if *coverage {
+		gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, "-covermode=atomic", "-cover")
+	}
+	gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, packages...)
+	build.MustRun(gotest)
+}
+
+// Release Packaging
+
+func doArchive(cmdline []string) {
+	var (
+		atype = flag.String("type", "zip", "Type of archive to write (zip|tar)")
+		ext   string
+	)
+	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
+	switch *atype {
+	case "zip":
+		ext = ".zip"
+	case "tar":
+		ext = ".tar.gz"
+	default:
+		log.Fatal("unknown archive type: ", atype)
+	}
+
+	env := build.Env()
+	maybeSkipArchive(env)
+
+	base := archiveBasename(env)
+	if err := build.WriteArchive("geth-"+base, ext, gethArchiveFiles); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := build.WriteArchive("geth-alltools-"+base, ext, allToolsArchiveFiles); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func archiveBasename(env build.Environment) string {
+	// date := time.Now().UTC().Format("200601021504")
+	platform := runtime.GOOS + "-" + runtime.GOARCH
+	archive := platform + "-" + build.VERSION()
+	if env.Commit != "" {
+		archive += "-" + env.Commit[:8]
+	}
+	return archive
+}
+
+// skips archiving for some build configurations.
+func maybeSkipArchive(env build.Environment) {
+	if env.IsPullRequest {
+		log.Printf("skipping because this is a PR build")
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+	if env.Branch != "develop" && !strings.HasPrefix(env.Tag, "v1.") {
+		log.Printf("skipping because branch %q, tag %q is not on the whitelist", env.Branch, env.Tag)
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+}
+
+// Debian Packaging
+
+func doDebianSource(cmdline []string) {
+	var (
+		signer  = flag.String("signer", "", `Signing key name, also used as package author`)
+		upload  = flag.String("upload", "", `Where to upload the source package (usually "ppa:ethereum/ethereum")`)
+		workdir = flag.String("workdir", "", `Output directory for packages (uses temp dir if unset)`)
+		now     = time.Now()
+	)
+	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
+	*workdir = makeWorkdir(*workdir)
+	env := build.Env()
+	maybeSkipArchive(env)
+
+	// Import the signing key.
+	if b64key := os.Getenv("PPA_SIGNING_KEY"); b64key != "" {
+		key, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(b64key)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("invalid base64 PPA_SIGNING_KEY")
+		}
+		gpg := exec.Command("gpg", "--import")
+		gpg.Stdin = bytes.NewReader(key)
+		build.MustRun(gpg)
+	}
+
+	// Create the packages.
+	for _, distro := range debDistros {
+		meta := newDebMetadata(distro, *signer, env, now)
+		pkgdir := stageDebianSource(*workdir, meta)
+		debuild := exec.Command("debuild", "-S", "-sa", "-us", "-uc")
+		debuild.Dir = pkgdir
+		build.MustRun(debuild)
+
+		changes := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_source.changes", meta.Name(), meta.VersionString())
+		changes = filepath.Join(*workdir, changes)
+		if *signer != "" {
+			build.MustRunCommand("debsign", changes)
+		}
+		if *upload != "" {
+			build.MustRunCommand("dput", *upload, changes)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func makeWorkdir(wdflag string) string {
+	var err error
+	if wdflag != "" {
+		err = os.MkdirAll(wdflag, 0744)
+	} else {
+		wdflag, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "eth-deb-build-")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return wdflag
+}
+
+func isUnstableBuild(env build.Environment) bool {
+	if env.Branch != "develop" && env.Tag != "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+type debMetadata struct {
+	Env build.Environment
+
+	// go-ethereum version being built. Note that this
+	// is not the debian package version. The package version
+	// is constructed by VersionString.
+	Version string
+
+	Author       string // "name <email>", also selects signing key
+	Distro, Time string
+	Executables  []debExecutable
+}
+
+type debExecutable struct {
+	Name, Description string
+}
+
+func newDebMetadata(distro, author string, env build.Environment, t time.Time) debMetadata {
+	if author == "" {
+		// No signing key, use default author.
+		author = "Ethereum Builds <fjl@ethereum.org>"
+	}
+	return debMetadata{
+		Env:         env,
+		Author:      author,
+		Distro:      distro,
+		Version:     build.VERSION(),
+		Time:        t.Format(time.RFC1123Z),
+		Executables: debExecutables,
+	}
+}
+
+// Name returns the name of the metapackage that depends
+// on all executable packages.
+func (meta debMetadata) Name() string {
+	if isUnstableBuild(meta.Env) {
+		return "ethereum-unstable"
+	}
+	return "ethereum"
+}
+
+// VersionString returns the debian version of the packages.
+func (meta debMetadata) VersionString() string {
+	vsn := meta.Version
+	if meta.Env.Buildnum != "" {
+		vsn += "+build" + meta.Env.Buildnum
+	}
+	if meta.Distro != "" {
+		vsn += "+" + meta.Distro
+	}
+	return vsn
+}
+
+// ExeList returns the list of all executable packages.
+func (meta debMetadata) ExeList() string {
+	names := make([]string, len(meta.Executables))
+	for i, e := range meta.Executables {
+		names[i] = meta.ExeName(e)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(names, ", ")
+}
+
+// ExeName returns the package name of an executable package.
+func (meta debMetadata) ExeName(exe debExecutable) string {
+	if isUnstableBuild(meta.Env) {
+		return exe.Name + "-unstable"
+	}
+	return exe.Name
+}
+
+// ExeConflicts returns the content of the Conflicts field
+// for executable packages.
+func (meta debMetadata) ExeConflicts(exe debExecutable) string {
+	if isUnstableBuild(meta.Env) {
+		// Set up the conflicts list so that the *-unstable packages
+		// cannot be installed alongside the regular version.
+		//
+		// https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships.html
+		// is very explicit about Conflicts: and says that Breaks: should
+		// be preferred and the conflicting files should be handled via
+		// alternates. We might do this eventually but using a conflict is
+		// easier now.
+		return "ethereum, " + exe.Name
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func stageDebianSource(tmpdir string, meta debMetadata) (pkgdir string) {
+	pkg := meta.Name() + "-" + meta.VersionString()
+	pkgdir = filepath.Join(tmpdir, pkg)
+	if err := os.Mkdir(pkgdir, 0755); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Copy the source code.
+	build.MustRunCommand("git", "checkout-index", "-a", "--prefix", pkgdir+string(filepath.Separator))
+
+	// Put the debian build files in place.
+	debian := filepath.Join(pkgdir, "debian")
+	build.Render("build/deb.rules", filepath.Join(debian, "rules"), 0755, meta)
+	build.Render("build/deb.changelog", filepath.Join(debian, "changelog"), 0644, meta)
+	build.Render("build/deb.control", filepath.Join(debian, "control"), 0644, meta)
+	build.Render("build/deb.copyright", filepath.Join(debian, "copyright"), 0644, meta)
+	build.RenderString("8\n", filepath.Join(debian, "compat"), 0644, meta)
+	build.RenderString("3.0 (native)\n", filepath.Join(debian, "source/format"), 0644, meta)
+	for _, exe := range meta.Executables {
+		install := filepath.Join(debian, meta.ExeName(exe)+".install")
+		docs := filepath.Join(debian, meta.ExeName(exe)+".docs")
+		build.Render("build/deb.install", install, 0644, exe)
+		build.Render("build/deb.docs", docs, 0644, exe)
+	}
+
+	return pkgdir
+}
+
+// Cross compilation
+
+func doXgo(cmdline []string) {
+	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
+	env := build.Env()
+
+	// Make sure xgo is available for cross compilation
+	gogetxgo := goTool("get", "github.com/karalabe/xgo")
+	build.MustRun(gogetxgo)
+
+	// Execute the actual cross compilation
+	xgo := xgoTool(append(buildFlags(env), flag.Args()...))
+	build.MustRun(xgo)
+}
+
+func xgoTool(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := exec.Command(filepath.Join(GOBIN, "xgo"), args...)
+	cmd.Env = []string{
+		"GOPATH=" + build.GOPATH(),
+		"GOBIN=" + GOBIN,
+	}
+	for _, e := range os.Environ() {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOPATH=") || strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOBIN=") {
+			continue
+		}
+		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, e)
+	}
+	return cmd
+}

build/deb.changelog

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{{.Name}} ({{.VersionString}}) {{.Distro}}; urgency=low
+
+  * git build of {{.Env.Commit}}
+
+ -- {{.Author}}  {{.Time}}

build/deb.control

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Source: {{.Name}}
+Section: science
+Priority: extra
+Maintainer: {{.Author}}
+Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 8.0.0), golang-1.7
+Standards-Version: 3.9.5
+Homepage: https://ethereum.org
+Vcs-Git: git://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git
+Vcs-Browser: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
+
+Package: {{.Name}}
+Architecture: any
+Depends: ${misc:Depends}, {{.ExeList}}
+Description: Meta-package to install geth and other tools
+ Meta-package to install geth and other tools
+ 
+{{range .Executables}}
+Package: {{$.ExeName .}}
+Conflicts: {{$.ExeConflicts .}}
+Architecture: any
+Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}
+Built-Using: ${misc:Built-Using}
+Description: {{.Description}}
+ {{.Description}}
+{{end}}

build/deb.copyright

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+
+go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

build/deb.docs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+AUTHORS

build/deb.install

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+build/bin/{{.Name}} usr/bin

build/deb.rules

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/make -f
+# -*- makefile -*-
+
+# Uncomment this to turn on verbose mode.
+#export DH_VERBOSE=1
+
+override_dh_auto_build:
+	build/env.sh /usr/lib/go-1.7/bin/go run build/ci.go install -git-commit={{.Env.Commit}} -git-branch={{.Env.Branch}} -git-tag={{.Env.Tag}} -buildnum={{.Env.Buildnum}} -pull-request={{.Env.IsPullRequest}}
+
+override_dh_auto_test:
+
+%:
+	dh $@

build/env.sh

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ fi
 
 # Set up the environment to use the workspace.
 # Also add Godeps workspace so we build using canned dependencies.
-GOPATH="$ethdir/go-ethereum/Godeps/_workspace:$workspace"
-GOBIN="$PWD/build/bin"
-export GOPATH GOBIN
+GOPATH="$workspace"
+export GOPATH
 
 # Run the command inside the workspace.
 cd "$ethdir/go-ethereum"

build/flags.sh

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-set -e
-
-if [ ! -f "build/env.sh" ]; then
-    echo "$0 must be run from the root of the repository."
-    exit 2
-fi
-
-# Since Go 1.5, the separator char for link time assignments
-# is '=' and using ' ' prints a warning. However, Go < 1.5 does
-# not support using '='.
-sep=$(go version | awk '{ if ($3 >= "go1.5" || index($3, "devel")) print "="; else print " "; }' -)
-
-# set gitCommit when running from a Git checkout.
-if [ -f ".git/HEAD" ]; then
-    echo "-ldflags '-X main.gitCommit$sep$(git rev-parse HEAD)'"
-fi
-
-if [ ! -z "$GO_OPENCL" ]; then
-   echo "-tags opencl"
-fi

build/test-global-coverage.sh

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -e
-echo "" > coverage.txt
-
-for d in $(find ./* -maxdepth 10 -type d -not -path "./build" -not -path "./Godeps/*" ); do
-    if ls $d/*.go &> /dev/null; then
-        go test  -coverprofile=profile.out -covermode=atomic $d
-        if [ -f profile.out ]; then
-            cat profile.out >> coverage.txt
-            echo '<<<<<< EOF' >> coverage.txt
-            rm profile.out
-        fi
-    fi
-done

build/update-license.go

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ var (
 		// don't relicense vendored sources
 		"crypto/sha3/", "crypto/ecies/", "logger/glog/",
 		"crypto/secp256k1/curve.go",
-		"trie/arc.go",
 	}
 
 	// paths with this prefix are licensed as GPL. all other files are LGPL.

build/win-ci-compile.bat

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-if not exist .\build\win-ci-compile.bat (
-   echo This script must be run from the root of the repository.
-   exit /b
-)
-if not defined GOPATH (
-   echo GOPATH is not set.
-   exit /b
-)
-
-set GOPATH=%GOPATH%;%cd%\Godeps\_workspace
-set GOBIN=%cd%\build\bin
-
-rem set gitCommit when running from a Git checkout.
-set goLinkFlags=""
-if exist ".git\HEAD" (
-   where /q git
-   if not errorlevel 1 (
-      for /f %%h in ('git rev-parse HEAD') do (
-          set goLinkFlags="-X main.gitCommit=%%h"
-      )
-   )
-)
-
-@echo on
-go install -v -ldflags %goLinkFlags% ./...

build/win-ci-test.bat

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-if not exist .\build\win-ci-test.bat (
-   echo This script must be run from the root of the repository.
-   exit /b
-)
-if not defined GOPATH (
-   echo GOPATH is not set.
-   exit /b
-)
-
-set GOPATH=%GOPATH%;%cd%\Godeps\_workspace
-set GOBIN=%cd%\build\bin
-
-@echo on
-go test ./...

circle.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+machine:
+  services:
+    - docker
+
+dependencies:
+  cache_directories:
+    - "~/.ethash" # Cache the ethash DAG generated by hive for consecutive builds
+    - "~/.docker" # Cache all docker images manually to avoid lengthy rebuilds
+  override:
+    # Restore all previously cached docker images
+    - mkdir -p ~/.docker
+    - for img in `ls ~/.docker`; do docker load -i ~/.docker/$img; done
+
+    # Pull in and hive, restore cached ethash DAGs and do a dry run
+    - go get -u github.com/karalabe/hive
+    - (cd ~/.go_workspace/src/github.com/karalabe/hive && mkdir -p workspace/ethash/ ~/.ethash)
+    - (cd ~/.go_workspace/src/github.com/karalabe/hive && cp -r ~/.ethash/. workspace/ethash/)
+    - (cd ~/.go_workspace/src/github.com/karalabe/hive && hive --docker-noshell --client=NONE --test=. --sim=. --loglevel=6)
+
+    # Cache all the docker images and the ethash DAGs
+    - for img in `docker images | grep -v "^<none>" | tail -n +2 | awk '{print $1}'`; do docker save $img > ~/.docker/`echo $img | tr '/' ':'`.tar; done
+    - cp -r ~/.go_workspace/src/github.com/karalabe/hive/workspace/ethash/. ~/.ethash
+
+test:
+  override:
+    # Build Geth and move into a known folder
+    - make geth
+    - cp ./build/bin/geth $HOME/geth
+
+    # Run hive and move all generated logs into the public artifacts folder
+    - (cd ~/.go_workspace/src/github.com/karalabe/hive && hive --docker-noshell --client=go-ethereum:local --override=$HOME/geth --test=. --sim=.)
+    - cp -r ~/.go_workspace/src/github.com/karalabe/hive/workspace/logs/* $CIRCLE_ARTIFACTS

cmd/ethtest/main.go

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ func runTestWithReader(test string, r io.Reader) error {
 	var err error
 	switch strings.ToLower(test) {
 	case "bk", "block", "blocktest", "blockchaintest", "blocktests", "blockchaintests":
-		err = tests.RunBlockTestWithReader(params.MainNetHomesteadBlock, r, skipTests)
+		err = tests.RunBlockTestWithReader(params.MainNetHomesteadBlock, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, r, skipTests)
 	case "st", "state", "statetest", "statetests":
-		rs := tests.RuleSet{HomesteadBlock: params.MainNetHomesteadBlock}
+		rs := tests.RuleSet{HomesteadBlock: params.MainNetHomesteadBlock, DAOForkBlock: params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, DAOForkSupport: true}
 		err = tests.RunStateTestWithReader(rs, r, skipTests)
 	case "tx", "transactiontest", "transactiontests":
 		err = tests.RunTransactionTestsWithReader(r, skipTests)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ func runSuite(test, file string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func setupApp(c *cli.Context) {
+func setupApp(c *cli.Context) error {
 	flagTest := c.GlobalString(TestFlag.Name)
 	flagFile := c.GlobalString(FileFlag.Name)
 	continueOnError = c.GlobalBool(ContinueOnErrorFlag.Name)
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ func setupApp(c *cli.Context) {
 		if err := runTestWithReader(flagTest, os.Stdin); err != nil {
 			glog.Fatalln(err)
 		}
-
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func main() {

cmd/evm/main.go

@@ -24,15 +24,16 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -84,11 +85,16 @@ var (
 		Name:  "verbosity",
 		Usage: "sets the verbosity level",
 	}
+	CreateFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "create",
+		Usage: "indicates the action should be create rather than call",
+	}
 )
 
 func init() {
 	app = utils.NewApp("0.2", "the evm command line interface")
 	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		CreateFlag,
 		DebugFlag,
 		VerbosityFlag,
 		ForceJitFlag,
@@ -104,15 +110,13 @@ func init() {
 	app.Action = run
 }
 
-func run(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func run(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	glog.SetToStderr(true)
 	glog.SetV(ctx.GlobalInt(VerbosityFlag.Name))
 
 	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
 	sender := statedb.CreateAccount(common.StringToAddress("sender"))
-	receiver := statedb.CreateAccount(common.StringToAddress("receiver"))
-	receiver.SetCode(common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(CodeFlag.Name)))
 
 	vmenv := NewEnv(statedb, common.StringToAddress("evmuser"), common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)), vm.Config{
 		Debug:     ctx.GlobalBool(DebugFlag.Name),
@@ -121,17 +125,39 @@ func run(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	})
 
 	tstart := time.Now()
-	ret, e := vmenv.Call(
-		sender,
-		receiver.Address(),
-		common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(InputFlag.Name)),
-		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(GasFlag.Name)),
-		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(PriceFlag.Name)),
-		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)),
+
+	var (
+		ret []byte
+		err error
 	)
+
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(CreateFlag.Name) {
+		input := append(common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(CodeFlag.Name)), common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(InputFlag.Name))...)
+		ret, _, err = vmenv.Create(
+			sender,
+			input,
+			common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(GasFlag.Name)),
+			common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(PriceFlag.Name)),
+			common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)),
+		)
+	} else {
+		receiver := statedb.CreateAccount(common.StringToAddress("receiver"))
+
+		code := common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(CodeFlag.Name))
+		receiver.SetCode(crypto.Keccak256Hash(code), code)
+		ret, err = vmenv.Call(
+			sender,
+			receiver.Address(),
+			common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(InputFlag.Name)),
+			common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(GasFlag.Name)),
+			common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(PriceFlag.Name)),
+			common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)),
+		)
+	}
 	vmdone := time.Since(tstart)
 
 	if ctx.GlobalBool(DumpFlag.Name) {
+		statedb.Commit()
 		fmt.Println(string(statedb.Dump()))
 	}
 	vm.StdErrFormat(vmenv.StructLogs())
@@ -150,10 +176,11 @@ num gc:     %d
 	}
 
 	fmt.Printf("OUT: 0x%x", ret)
-	if e != nil {
-		fmt.Printf(" error: %v", e)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf(" error: %v", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Println()
+	return nil
 }
 
 func main() {
@@ -196,22 +223,22 @@ type ruleSet struct{}
 
 func (ruleSet) IsHomestead(*big.Int) bool { return true }
 
-func (self *VMEnv) RuleSet() vm.RuleSet        { return ruleSet{} }
-func (self *VMEnv) Vm() vm.Vm                  { return self.evm }
-func (self *VMEnv) Db() vm.Database            { return self.state }
-func (self *VMEnv) MakeSnapshot() vm.Database  { return self.state.Copy() }
-func (self *VMEnv) SetSnapshot(db vm.Database) { self.state.Set(db.(*state.StateDB)) }
-func (self *VMEnv) Origin() common.Address     { return *self.transactor }
-func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int      { return common.Big0 }
-func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() common.Address   { return *self.transactor }
-func (self *VMEnv) Time() *big.Int             { return self.time }
-func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int       { return common.Big1 }
-func (self *VMEnv) BlockHash() []byte          { return make([]byte, 32) }
-func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int            { return self.value }
-func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int         { return big.NewInt(1000000000) }
-func (self *VMEnv) VmType() vm.Type            { return vm.StdVmTy }
-func (self *VMEnv) Depth() int                 { return 0 }
-func (self *VMEnv) SetDepth(i int)             { self.depth = i }
+func (self *VMEnv) RuleSet() vm.RuleSet       { return ruleSet{} }
+func (self *VMEnv) Vm() vm.Vm                 { return self.evm }
+func (self *VMEnv) Db() vm.Database           { return self.state }
+func (self *VMEnv) SnapshotDatabase() int     { return self.state.Snapshot() }
+func (self *VMEnv) RevertToSnapshot(snap int) { self.state.RevertToSnapshot(snap) }
+func (self *VMEnv) Origin() common.Address    { return *self.transactor }
+func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int     { return common.Big0 }
+func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() common.Address  { return *self.transactor }
+func (self *VMEnv) Time() *big.Int            { return self.time }
+func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int      { return common.Big1 }
+func (self *VMEnv) BlockHash() []byte         { return make([]byte, 32) }
+func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int           { return self.value }
+func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int        { return big.NewInt(1000000000) }
+func (self *VMEnv) VmType() vm.Type           { return vm.StdVmTy }
+func (self *VMEnv) Depth() int                { return 0 }
+func (self *VMEnv) SetDepth(i int)            { self.depth = i }
 func (self *VMEnv) GetHash(n uint64) common.Hash {
 	if self.block.Number().Cmp(big.NewInt(int64(n))) == 0 {
 		return self.block.Hash()

cmd/geth/accountcmd.go

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ either new or import). Without it you are not able to unlock your account.
 
 Note that exporting your key in unencrypted format is NOT supported.
 
-Keys are stored under <DATADIR>/keys.
+Keys are stored under <DATADIR>/keystore.
 It is safe to transfer the entire directory or the individual keys therein
 between ethereum nodes by simply copying.
 Make sure you backup your keys regularly.
@@ -167,11 +167,12 @@ nodes.
 	}
 )
 
-func accountList(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func accountList(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	accman := utils.MakeAccountManager(ctx)
 	for i, acct := range accman.Accounts() {
 		fmt.Printf("Account #%d: {%x} %s\n", i, acct.Address, acct.File)
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // tries unlocking the specified account a few times.
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ func ambiguousAddrRecovery(am *accounts.Manager, err *accounts.AmbiguousAddrErro
 }
 
 // accountCreate creates a new account into the keystore defined by the CLI flags.
-func accountCreate(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func accountCreate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	accman := utils.MakeAccountManager(ctx)
 	password := getPassPhrase("Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.", true, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
 
@@ -268,11 +269,12 @@ func accountCreate(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to create account: %v", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("Address: {%x}\n", account.Address)
+	return nil
 }
 
 // accountUpdate transitions an account from a previous format to the current
 // one, also providing the possibility to change the pass-phrase.
-func accountUpdate(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func accountUpdate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if len(ctx.Args()) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("No accounts specified to update")
 	}
@@ -283,9 +285,10 @@ func accountUpdate(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	if err := accman.Update(account, oldPassword, newPassword); err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Could not update the account: %v", err)
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func importWallet(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func importWallet(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	keyfile := ctx.Args().First()
 	if len(keyfile) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("keyfile must be given as argument")
@@ -303,9 +306,10 @@ func importWallet(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("Address: {%x}\n", acct.Address)
+	return nil
 }
 
-func accountImport(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func accountImport(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	keyfile := ctx.Args().First()
 	if len(keyfile) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("keyfile must be given as argument")
@@ -321,4 +325,5 @@ func accountImport(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		utils.Fatalf("Could not create the account: %v", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("Address: {%x}\n", acct.Address)
+	return nil
 }

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Use "ethereum dump 0" to dump the genesis block.
 	}
 )
 
-func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if len(ctx.Args()) != 1 {
 		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
 	}
@@ -84,9 +84,10 @@ func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		utils.Fatalf("Import error: %v", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v", time.Since(start))
+	return nil
 }
 
-func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
 		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
 	}
@@ -114,9 +115,10 @@ func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v", time.Since(start))
+	return nil
 }
 
-func removeDB(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func removeDB(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	confirm, err := console.Stdin.PromptConfirm("Remove local database?")
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
@@ -132,9 +134,10 @@ func removeDB(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	} else {
 		fmt.Println("Operation aborted")
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func upgradeDB(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func upgradeDB(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	glog.Infoln("Upgrading blockchain database")
 
 	chain, chainDb := utils.MakeChain(ctx)
@@ -163,9 +166,10 @@ func upgradeDB(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		os.Remove(exportFile)
 		glog.Infoln("Import finished")
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func dump(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func dump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	chain, chainDb := utils.MakeChain(ctx)
 	for _, arg := range ctx.Args() {
 		var block *types.Block
@@ -182,12 +186,12 @@ func dump(ctx *cli.Context) {
 			state, err := state.New(block.Root(), chainDb)
 			if err != nil {
 				utils.Fatalf("could not create new state: %v", err)
-				return
 			}
 			fmt.Printf("%s\n", state.Dump())
 		}
 	}
 	chainDb.Close()
+	return nil
 }
 
 // hashish returns true for strings that look like hashes.

cmd/geth/consolecmd.go

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ JavaScript API. See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Conso
 
 // localConsole starts a new geth node, attaching a JavaScript console to it at the
 // same time.
-func localConsole(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func localConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// Create and start the node based on the CLI flags
 	node := utils.MakeSystemNode(clientIdentifier, verString, relConfig, makeDefaultExtra(), ctx)
 	startNode(ctx, node)
@@ -86,16 +86,18 @@ func localConsole(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	// If only a short execution was requested, evaluate and return
 	if script := ctx.GlobalString(utils.ExecFlag.Name); script != "" {
 		console.Evaluate(script)
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 	// Otherwise print the welcome screen and enter interactive mode
 	console.Welcome()
 	console.Interactive()
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // remoteConsole will connect to a remote geth instance, attaching a JavaScript
 // console to it.
-func remoteConsole(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func remoteConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// Attach to a remotely running geth instance and start the JavaScript console
 	client, err := utils.NewRemoteRPCClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -116,17 +118,19 @@ func remoteConsole(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	// If only a short execution was requested, evaluate and return
 	if script := ctx.GlobalString(utils.ExecFlag.Name); script != "" {
 		console.Evaluate(script)
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 	// Otherwise print the welcome screen and enter interactive mode
 	console.Welcome()
 	console.Interactive()
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // ephemeralConsole starts a new geth node, attaches an ephemeral JavaScript
 // console to it, and each of the files specified as arguments and tears the
 // everything down.
-func ephemeralConsole(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func ephemeralConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// Create and start the node based on the CLI flags
 	node := utils.MakeSystemNode(clientIdentifier, verString, relConfig, makeDefaultExtra(), ctx)
 	startNode(ctx, node)
@@ -164,4 +168,6 @@ func ephemeralConsole(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}()
 	console.Stop(true)
+
+	return nil
 }

cmd/geth/consolecmd_test.go

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"math/rand"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ func TestIPCAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 	coinbase := "0x8605cdbbdb6d264aa742e77020dcbc58fcdce182"
 	var ipc string
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		ipc = `\\.\pipe\geth` + strconv.Itoa(rand.Int())
+		ipc = `\\.\pipe\geth` + strconv.Itoa(trulyRandInt(100000, 999999))
 	} else {
 		ws := tmpdir(t)
 		defer os.RemoveAll(ws)
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ func TestIPCAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestHTTPAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 	coinbase := "0x8605cdbbdb6d264aa742e77020dcbc58fcdce182"
-	port := strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(65535-1024) + 1024) // Yeah, sometimes this will fail, sorry :P
+	port := strconv.Itoa(trulyRandInt(1024, 65536)) // Yeah, sometimes this will fail, sorry :P
 	geth := runGeth(t,
 		"--port", "0", "--maxpeers", "0", "--nodiscover", "--nat", "none",
 		"--etherbase", coinbase, "--rpc", "--rpcport", port)
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ func TestHTTPAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestWSAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 	coinbase := "0x8605cdbbdb6d264aa742e77020dcbc58fcdce182"
-	port := strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(65535-1024) + 1024) // Yeah, sometimes this will fail, sorry :P
+	port := strconv.Itoa(trulyRandInt(1024, 65536)) // Yeah, sometimes this will fail, sorry :P
 
 	geth := runGeth(t,
 		"--port", "0", "--maxpeers", "0", "--nodiscover", "--nat", "none",
@@ -160,3 +161,10 @@ at block: 0 ({{niltime}}){{if ipc}}
 `)
 	attach.expectExit()
 }
+
+// trulyRandInt generates a crypto random integer used by the console tests to
+// not clash network ports with other tests running cocurrently.
+func trulyRandInt(lo, hi int) int {
+	num, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(int64(hi-lo)))
+	return int(num.Int64()) + lo
+}

cmd/geth/dao_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+// Genesis block for nodes which don't care about the DAO fork (i.e. not configured)
+var daoOldGenesis = `{
+	"alloc"      : {},
+	"coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"difficulty" : "0x20000",
+	"extraData"  : "",
+	"gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
+	"nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
+	"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"timestamp"  : "0x00",
+	"config"     : {}
+}`
+
+// Genesis block for nodes which actively oppose the DAO fork
+var daoNoForkGenesis = `{
+	"alloc"      : {},
+	"coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"difficulty" : "0x20000",
+	"extraData"  : "",
+	"gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
+	"nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
+	"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"timestamp"  : "0x00",
+	"config"     : {
+		"daoForkBlock"   : 314,
+		"daoForkSupport" : false
+	}
+}`
+
+// Genesis block for nodes which actively support the DAO fork
+var daoProForkGenesis = `{
+	"alloc"      : {},
+	"coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"difficulty" : "0x20000",
+	"extraData"  : "",
+	"gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
+	"nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
+	"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+	"timestamp"  : "0x00",
+	"config"     : {
+		"daoForkBlock"   : 314,
+		"daoForkSupport" : true
+	}
+}`
+
+var daoGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("5e1fc79cb4ffa4739177b5408045cd5d51c6cf766133f23f7cd72ee1f8d790e0")
+var daoGenesisForkBlock = big.NewInt(314)
+
+// Tests that the DAO hard-fork number and the nodes support/opposition is correctly
+// set in the database after various initialization procedures and invocations.
+func TestDAODefaultMainnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, "", [][2]bool{{false, false}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSupportMainnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, "", [][2]bool{{true, false}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOOpposeMainnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, "", [][2]bool{{false, true}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToSupportMainnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, "", [][2]bool{{false, true}, {true, false}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToOpposeMainnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, "", [][2]bool{{true, false}, {false, true}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAODefaultTestnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, true, "", [][2]bool{{false, false}}, params.TestNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSupportTestnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, true, "", [][2]bool{{true, false}}, params.TestNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOOpposeTestnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, true, "", [][2]bool{{false, true}}, params.TestNetDAOForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToSupportTestnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, true, "", [][2]bool{{false, true}, {true, false}}, params.TestNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToOpposeTestnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, true, "", [][2]bool{{true, false}, {false, true}}, params.TestNetDAOForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOInitOldPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoOldGenesis, [][2]bool{}, nil, false)
+}
+func TestDAODefaultOldPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoOldGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, false}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSupportOldPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoOldGenesis, [][2]bool{{true, false}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOOpposeOldPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoOldGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, true}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToSupportOldPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoOldGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, true}, {true, false}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToOpposeOldPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoOldGenesis, [][2]bool{{true, false}, {false, true}}, params.MainNetDAOForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOInitNoForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoNoForkGenesis, [][2]bool{}, daoGenesisForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAODefaultNoForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoNoForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, false}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOSupportNoForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoNoForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{true, false}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOOpposeNoForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoNoForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, true}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToSupportNoForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoNoForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, true}, {true, false}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToOpposeNoForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoNoForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{true, false}, {false, true}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOInitProForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoProForkGenesis, [][2]bool{}, daoGenesisForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAODefaultProForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoProForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, false}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSupportProForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoProForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{true, false}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOOpposeProForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoProForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, true}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, false)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToSupportProForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoProForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{false, true}, {true, false}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, true)
+}
+func TestDAOSwitchToOpposeProForkPrivnet(t *testing.T) {
+	testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t, false, daoProForkGenesis, [][2]bool{{true, false}, {false, true}}, daoGenesisForkBlock, false)
+}
+
+func testDAOForkBlockNewChain(t *testing.T, testnet bool, genesis string, votes [][2]bool, expectBlock *big.Int, expectVote bool) {
+	// Create a temporary data directory to use and inspect later
+	datadir := tmpdir(t)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(datadir)
+
+	// Start a Geth instance with the requested flags set and immediately terminate
+	if genesis != "" {
+		json := filepath.Join(datadir, "genesis.json")
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(json, []byte(genesis), 0600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to write genesis file: %v", err)
+		}
+		runGeth(t, "--datadir", datadir, "init", json).cmd.Wait()
+	}
+	for _, vote := range votes {
+		args := []string{"--port", "0", "--maxpeers", "0", "--nodiscover", "--nat", "none", "--ipcdisable", "--datadir", datadir}
+		if testnet {
+			args = append(args, "--testnet")
+		}
+		if vote[0] {
+			args = append(args, "--support-dao-fork")
+		}
+		if vote[1] {
+			args = append(args, "--oppose-dao-fork")
+		}
+		geth := runGeth(t, append(args, []string{"--exec", "2+2", "console"}...)...)
+		geth.cmd.Wait()
+	}
+	// Retrieve the DAO config flag from the database
+	path := filepath.Join(datadir, "chaindata")
+	if testnet && genesis == "" {
+		path = filepath.Join(datadir, "testnet", "chaindata")
+	}
+	db, err := ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(path, 0, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to open test database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	genesisHash := common.HexToHash("0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3")
+	if testnet {
+		genesisHash = common.HexToHash("0x0cd786a2425d16f152c658316c423e6ce1181e15c3295826d7c9904cba9ce303")
+	}
+	if genesis != "" {
+		genesisHash = daoGenesisHash
+	}
+	config, err := core.GetChainConfig(db, genesisHash)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve chain config: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Validate the DAO hard-fork block number against the expected value
+	if config.DAOForkBlock == nil {
+		if expectBlock != nil {
+			t.Errorf("dao hard-fork block mismatch: have nil, want %v", expectBlock)
+		}
+	} else if expectBlock == nil {
+		t.Errorf("dao hard-fork block mismatch: have %v, want nil", config.DAOForkBlock)
+	} else if config.DAOForkBlock.Cmp(expectBlock) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("dao hard-fork block mismatch: have %v, want %v", config.DAOForkBlock, expectBlock)
+	}
+	if config.DAOForkSupport != expectVote {
+		t.Errorf("dao hard-fork support mismatch: have %v, want %v", config.DAOForkSupport, expectVote)
+	}
+}

cmd/geth/genesis_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var customGenesisTests = []struct {
+	genesis string
+	query   string
+	result  string
+}{
+	// Plain genesis file without anything extra
+	{
+		genesis: `{
+			"alloc"      : {},
+			"coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"difficulty" : "0x20000",
+			"extraData"  : "",
+			"gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
+			"nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
+			"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"timestamp"  : "0x00"
+		}`,
+		query:  "eth.getBlock(0).nonce",
+		result: "0x0000000000000042",
+	},
+	// Genesis file with an empty chain configuration (ensure missing fields work)
+	{
+		genesis: `{
+			"alloc"      : {},
+			"coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"difficulty" : "0x20000",
+			"extraData"  : "",
+			"gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
+			"nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
+			"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"timestamp"  : "0x00",
+			"config"     : {}
+		}`,
+		query:  "eth.getBlock(0).nonce",
+		result: "0x0000000000000042",
+	},
+	// Genesis file with specific chain configurations
+	{
+		genesis: `{
+			"alloc"      : {},
+			"coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"difficulty" : "0x20000",
+			"extraData"  : "",
+			"gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
+			"nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
+			"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"timestamp"  : "0x00",
+			"config"     : {
+				"homesteadBlock" : 314,
+				"daoForkBlock"   : 141,
+				"daoForkSupport" : true
+			},
+		}`,
+		query:  "eth.getBlock(0).nonce",
+		result: "0x0000000000000042",
+	},
+}
+
+// Tests that initializing Geth with a custom genesis block and chain definitions
+// work properly.
+func TestCustomGenesis(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tt := range customGenesisTests {
+		// Create a temporary data directory to use and inspect later
+		datadir := tmpdir(t)
+		defer os.RemoveAll(datadir)
+
+		// Initialize the data directory with the custom genesis block
+		json := filepath.Join(datadir, "genesis.json")
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(json, []byte(tt.genesis), 0600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("test %d: failed to write genesis file: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		runGeth(t, "--datadir", datadir, "init", json).cmd.Wait()
+
+		// Query the custom genesis block
+		geth := runGeth(t, "--datadir", datadir, "--maxpeers", "0", "--nodiscover", "--nat", "none", "--ipcdisable", "--exec", tt.query, "console")
+		geth.expectRegexp(tt.result)
+		geth.expectExit()
+	}
+}

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -44,13 +43,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/release"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 const (
 	clientIdentifier = "Geth"   // Client identifier to advertise over the network
 	versionMajor     = 1        // Major version component of the current release
 	versionMinor     = 4        // Minor version component of the current release
-	versionPatch     = 6        // Patch version component of the current release
+	versionPatch     = 16       // Patch version component of the current release
 	versionMeta      = "stable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 
 	versionOracle = "0xfa7b9770ca4cb04296cac84f37736d4041251cdf" // Ethereum address of the Geth release oracle
@@ -149,7 +149,6 @@ participating.
 		utils.IdentityFlag,
 		utils.UnlockedAccountFlag,
 		utils.PasswordFileFlag,
-		utils.GenesisFileFlag,
 		utils.BootnodesFlag,
 		utils.DataDirFlag,
 		utils.KeyStoreDirFlag,
@@ -164,6 +163,8 @@ participating.
 		utils.MaxPendingPeersFlag,
 		utils.EtherbaseFlag,
 		utils.GasPriceFlag,
+		utils.SupportDAOFork,
+		utils.OpposeDAOFork,
 		utils.MinerThreadsFlag,
 		utils.MiningEnabledFlag,
 		utils.MiningGPUFlag,
@@ -224,12 +225,6 @@ participating.
 		eth.EnableBadBlockReporting = true
 
 		utils.SetupNetwork(ctx)
-
-		// Deprecation warning.
-		if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.GenesisFileFlag.Name) {
-			common.PrintDepricationWarning("--genesis is deprecated. Switch to use 'geth init /path/to/file'")
-		}
-
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -271,15 +266,17 @@ func makeDefaultExtra() []byte {
 // geth is the main entry point into the system if no special subcommand is ran.
 // It creates a default node based on the command line arguments and runs it in
 // blocking mode, waiting for it to be shut down.
-func geth(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func geth(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	node := utils.MakeSystemNode(clientIdentifier, verString, relConfig, makeDefaultExtra(), ctx)
 	startNode(ctx, node)
 	node.Wait()
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // initGenesis will initialise the given JSON format genesis file and writes it as
 // the zero'd block (i.e. genesis) or will fail hard if it can't succeed.
-func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	genesisPath := ctx.Args().First()
 	if len(genesisPath) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("must supply path to genesis JSON file")
@@ -300,6 +297,7 @@ func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		utils.Fatalf("failed to write genesis block: %v", err)
 	}
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("successfully wrote genesis block and/or chain rule set: %x", block.Hash())
+	return nil
 }
 
 // startNode boots up the system node and all registered protocols, after which
@@ -331,7 +329,7 @@ func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) {
 	}
 }
 
-func makedag(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func makedag(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	args := ctx.Args()
 	wrongArgs := func() {
 		utils.Fatalf(`Usage: geth makedag <block number> <outputdir>`)
@@ -358,13 +356,15 @@ func makedag(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	default:
 		wrongArgs()
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func gpuinfo(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func gpuinfo(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	eth.PrintOpenCLDevices()
+	return nil
 }
 
-func gpubench(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func gpubench(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	args := ctx.Args()
 	wrongArgs := func() {
 		utils.Fatalf(`Usage: geth gpubench <gpu number>`)
@@ -381,9 +381,10 @@ func gpubench(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	default:
 		wrongArgs()
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func version(c *cli.Context) {
+func version(c *cli.Context) error {
 	fmt.Println(clientIdentifier)
 	fmt.Println("Version:", verString)
 	fmt.Println("Protocol Versions:", eth.ProtocolVersions)
@@ -392,4 +393,6 @@ func version(c *cli.Context) {
 	fmt.Println("OS:", runtime.GOOS)
 	fmt.Printf("GOPATH=%s\n", os.Getenv("GOPATH"))
 	fmt.Printf("GOROOT=%s\n", runtime.GOROOT())
+
+	return nil
 }

cmd/geth/monitorcmd.go

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ import (
 
 	"sort"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 	"github.com/gizak/termui"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ to display multiple metrics simultaneously.
 )
 
 // monitor starts a terminal UI based monitoring tool for the requested metrics.
-func monitor(ctx *cli.Context) {
+func monitor(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	var (
 		client rpc.Client
 		err    error
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ func monitor(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		}
 	}()
 	termui.Loop()
+	return nil
 }
 
 // retrieveMetrics contacts the attached geth node and retrieves the entire set

cmd/geth/run_test.go

@@ -58,7 +58,10 @@ type testgeth struct {
 func init() {
 	// Run the app if we're the child process for runGeth.
 	if os.Getenv("GETH_TEST_CHILD") != "" {
-		app.RunAndExitOnError()
+		if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}
 }

cmd/geth/usage.go

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ package main
 import (
 	"io"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 // AppHelpTemplate is the test template for the default, global app help topic.
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 			utils.OlympicFlag,
 			utils.TestNetFlag,
 			utils.DevModeFlag,
-			utils.GenesisFileFlag,
 			utils.IdentityFlag,
 			utils.FastSyncFlag,
 			utils.LightKDFFlag,

cmd/utils/client.go

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 // NewRemoteRPCClient returns a RPC client which connects to a running geth instance.

cmd/utils/cmd.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
@@ -52,10 +53,16 @@ func openLogFile(Datadir string, filename string) *os.File {
 // is redirected to a different file.
 func Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
 	w := io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, os.Stderr)
-	outf, _ := os.Stdout.Stat()
-	errf, _ := os.Stderr.Stat()
-	if outf != nil && errf != nil && os.SameFile(outf, errf) {
-		w = os.Stderr
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// The SameFile check below doesn't work on Windows.
+		// stdout is unlikely to get redirected though, so just print there.
+		w = os.Stdout
+	} else {
+		outf, _ := os.Stdout.Stat()
+		errf, _ := os.Stderr.Stat()
+		if outf != nil && errf != nil && os.SameFile(outf, errf) {
+			w = os.Stderr
+		}
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Fatal: "+format+"\n", args...)
 	logger.Flush()
@@ -120,7 +127,7 @@ func ImportChain(chain *core.BlockChain, fn string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	glog.Infoln("Importing blockchain", fn)
+	glog.Infoln("Importing blockchain ", fn)
 	fh, err := os.Open(fn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -182,7 +189,7 @@ func hasAllBlocks(chain *core.BlockChain, bs []*types.Block) bool {
 }
 
 func ExportChain(blockchain *core.BlockChain, fn string) error {
-	glog.Infoln("Exporting blockchain to", fn)
+	glog.Infoln("Exporting blockchain to ", fn)
 	fh, err := os.OpenFile(fn, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -191,12 +198,12 @@ func ExportChain(blockchain *core.BlockChain, fn string) error {
 	if err := blockchain.Export(fh); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	glog.Infoln("Exported blockchain to", fn)
+	glog.Infoln("Exported blockchain to ", fn)
 	return nil
 }
 
 func ExportAppendChain(blockchain *core.BlockChain, fn string, first uint64, last uint64) error {
-	glog.Infoln("Exporting blockchain to", fn)
+	glog.Infoln("Exporting blockchain to ", fn)
 	// TODO verify mode perms
 	fh, err := os.OpenFile(fn, os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -206,6 +213,6 @@ func ExportAppendChain(blockchain *core.BlockChain, fn string, first uint64, las
 	if err := blockchain.ExportN(fh, first, last); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	glog.Infoln("Exported blockchain to", fn)
+	glog.Infoln("Exported blockchain to ", fn)
 	return nil
 }

cmd/utils/customflags.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 // Custom type which is registered in the flags library which cli uses for

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -22,15 +22,12 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
-	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -51,6 +48,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/release"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/whisper"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -126,10 +124,6 @@ var (
 		Name:  "dev",
 		Usage: "Developer mode: pre-configured private network with several debugging flags",
 	}
-	GenesisFileFlag = cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "genesis",
-		Usage: "Insert/overwrite the genesis block (JSON format)",
-	}
 	IdentityFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "identity",
 		Usage: "Custom node name",
@@ -161,6 +155,15 @@ var (
 		Name:  "lightkdf",
 		Usage: "Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength",
 	}
+	// Fork settings
+	SupportDAOFork = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "support-dao-fork",
+		Usage: "Updates the chain rules to support the DAO hard-fork",
+	}
+	OpposeDAOFork = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "oppose-dao-fork",
+		Usage: "Updates the chain rules to oppose the DAO hard-fork",
+	}
 	// Miner settings
 	// TODO: refactor CPU vs GPU mining flags
 	MiningEnabledFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
@@ -534,20 +537,6 @@ func MakeWSRpcHost(ctx *cli.Context) string {
 	return ctx.GlobalString(WSListenAddrFlag.Name)
 }
 
-// MakeGenesisBlock loads up a genesis block from an input file specified in the
-// command line, or returns the empty string if none set.
-func MakeGenesisBlock(ctx *cli.Context) string {
-	genesis := ctx.GlobalString(GenesisFileFlag.Name)
-	if genesis == "" {
-		return ""
-	}
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(genesis)
-	if err != nil {
-		Fatalf("Failed to load custom genesis file: %v", err)
-	}
-	return string(data)
-}
-
 // MakeDatabaseHandles raises out the number of allowed file handles per process
 // for Geth and returns half of the allowance to assign to the database.
 func MakeDatabaseHandles() int {
@@ -676,20 +665,9 @@ func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte,
 	}
 	// Configure the Ethereum service
 	accman := MakeAccountManager(ctx)
-
-	// initialise new random number generator
-	rand := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
-	// get enabled jit flag
 	jitEnabled := ctx.GlobalBool(VMEnableJitFlag.Name)
-	// if the jit is not enabled enable it for 10 pct of the people
-	if !jitEnabled && rand.Float64() < 0.1 {
-		jitEnabled = true
-		glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("You're one of the lucky few that will try out the JIT VM (random). If you get a consensus failure please be so kind to report this incident with the block hash that failed. You can switch to the regular VM by setting --jitvm=false")
-	}
-
 	ethConf := &eth.Config{
 		ChainConfig:             MustMakeChainConfig(ctx),
-		Genesis:                 MakeGenesisBlock(ctx),
 		FastSync:                ctx.GlobalBool(FastSyncFlag.Name),
 		BlockChainVersion:       ctx.GlobalInt(BlockchainVersionFlag.Name),
 		DatabaseCache:           ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name),
@@ -722,17 +700,13 @@ func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte,
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 			ethConf.NetworkId = 1
 		}
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(GenesisFileFlag.Name) {
-			ethConf.Genesis = core.OlympicGenesisBlock()
-		}
+		ethConf.Genesis = core.OlympicGenesisBlock()
 
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(TestNetFlag.Name):
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 			ethConf.NetworkId = 2
 		}
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(GenesisFileFlag.Name) {
-			ethConf.Genesis = core.TestNetGenesisBlock()
-		}
+		ethConf.Genesis = core.TestNetGenesisBlock()
 		state.StartingNonce = 1048576 // (2**20)
 
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(DevModeFlag.Name):
@@ -747,9 +721,7 @@ func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte,
 			stackConf.ListenAddr = ":0"
 		}
 		// Override the Ethereum protocol configs
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(GenesisFileFlag.Name) {
-			ethConf.Genesis = core.OlympicGenesisBlock()
-		}
+		ethConf.Genesis = core.OlympicGenesisBlock()
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(GasPriceFlag.Name) {
 			ethConf.GasPrice = new(big.Int)
 		}
@@ -806,24 +778,62 @@ func MustMakeChainConfig(ctx *cli.Context) *core.ChainConfig {
 
 // MustMakeChainConfigFromDb reads the chain configuration from the given database.
 func MustMakeChainConfigFromDb(ctx *cli.Context, db ethdb.Database) *core.ChainConfig {
-	genesis := core.GetBlock(db, core.GetCanonicalHash(db, 0))
+	// If the chain is already initialized, use any existing chain configs
+	config := new(core.ChainConfig)
 
+	genesis := core.GetBlock(db, core.GetCanonicalHash(db, 0))
 	if genesis != nil {
-		// Existing genesis block, use stored config if available.
 		storedConfig, err := core.GetChainConfig(db, genesis.Hash())
-		if err == nil {
-			return storedConfig
-		} else if err != core.ChainConfigNotFoundErr {
+		switch err {
+		case nil:
+			config = storedConfig
+		case core.ChainConfigNotFoundErr:
+			// No configs found, use empty, will populate below
+		default:
 			Fatalf("Could not make chain configuration: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-	var homesteadBlockNo *big.Int
-	if ctx.GlobalBool(TestNetFlag.Name) {
-		homesteadBlockNo = params.TestNetHomesteadBlock
-	} else {
-		homesteadBlockNo = params.MainNetHomesteadBlock
+	// Set any missing fields due to them being unset or system upgrade
+	if config.HomesteadBlock == nil {
+		if ctx.GlobalBool(TestNetFlag.Name) {
+			config.HomesteadBlock = params.TestNetHomesteadBlock
+		} else {
+			config.HomesteadBlock = params.MainNetHomesteadBlock
+		}
 	}
-	return &core.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: homesteadBlockNo}
+	if config.DAOForkBlock == nil {
+		if ctx.GlobalBool(TestNetFlag.Name) {
+			config.DAOForkBlock = params.TestNetDAOForkBlock
+		} else {
+			config.DAOForkBlock = params.MainNetDAOForkBlock
+		}
+		config.DAOForkSupport = true
+	}
+	// Force override any existing configs if explicitly requested
+	switch {
+	case ctx.GlobalBool(SupportDAOFork.Name):
+		config.DAOForkSupport = true
+	case ctx.GlobalBool(OpposeDAOFork.Name):
+		config.DAOForkSupport = false
+	}
+	// Temporarilly display a proper message so the user knows which fork its on
+	if !ctx.GlobalBool(TestNetFlag.Name) && (genesis == nil || genesis.Hash() == common.HexToHash("0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3")) {
+		choice := "SUPPORT"
+		if !config.DAOForkSupport {
+			choice = "OPPOSE"
+		}
+		current := fmt.Sprintf("Geth is currently configured to %s the DAO hard-fork!", choice)
+		howtoswap := fmt.Sprintf("You can change your choice prior to block #%v with --support-dao-fork or --oppose-dao-fork.", config.DAOForkBlock)
+		howtosync := fmt.Sprintf("After the hard-fork block #%v passed, changing chains requires a resync from scratch!", config.DAOForkBlock)
+		separator := strings.Repeat("-", len(howtoswap))
+
+		glog.V(logger.Warn).Info(separator)
+		glog.V(logger.Warn).Info(current)
+		glog.V(logger.Warn).Info(howtoswap)
+		glog.V(logger.Warn).Info(howtosync)
+		glog.V(logger.Warn).Info(separator)
+	}
+	return config
 }
 
 // MakeChainDatabase open an LevelDB using the flags passed to the client and will hard crash if it fails.

console/console.go

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/jsre"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/web3ext"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
 	"github.com/peterh/liner"
 	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 )
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ func New(config Config) (*Console, error) {
 		config.Prompt = DefaultPrompt
 	}
 	if config.Printer == nil {
-		config.Printer = os.Stdout
+		config.Printer = colorable.NewColorableStdout()
 	}
 	// Initialize the console and return
 	console := &Console{
@@ -330,11 +331,11 @@ func (c *Console) Interactive() {
 			// Append the line to the input and check for multi-line interpretation
 			input += line + "\n"
 
-			indents = strings.Count(input, "{") + strings.Count(input, "(") - strings.Count(input, "}") - strings.Count(input, ")")
+			indents = countIndents(input)
 			if indents <= 0 {
 				prompt = c.prompt
 			} else {
-				prompt = strings.Repeat("..", indents*2) + " "
+				prompt = strings.Repeat(".", indents*3) + " "
 			}
 			// If all the needed lines are present, save the command and run
 			if indents <= 0 {
@@ -353,6 +354,49 @@ func (c *Console) Interactive() {
 	}
 }
 
+// countIndents returns the number of identations for the given input.
+// In case of invalid input such as var a = } the result can be negative.
+func countIndents(input string) int {
+	var (
+		indents     = 0
+		inString    = false
+		strOpenChar = ' '   // keep track of the string open char to allow var str = "I'm ....";
+		charEscaped = false // keep track if the previous char was the '\' char, allow var str = "abc\"def";
+	)
+
+	for _, c := range input {
+		switch c {
+		case '\\':
+			// indicate next char as escaped when in string and previous char isn't escaping this backslash
+			if !charEscaped && inString {
+				charEscaped = true
+			}
+		case '\'', '"':
+			if inString && !charEscaped && strOpenChar == c { // end string
+				inString = false
+			} else if !inString && !charEscaped { // begin string
+				inString = true
+				strOpenChar = c
+			}
+			charEscaped = false
+		case '{', '(':
+			if !inString { // ignore brackets when in string, allow var str = "a{"; without indenting
+				indents++
+			}
+			charEscaped = false
+		case '}', ')':
+			if !inString {
+				indents--
+			}
+			charEscaped = false
+		default:
+			charEscaped = false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return indents
+}
+
 // Execute runs the JavaScript file specified as the argument.
 func (c *Console) Execute(path string) error {
 	return c.jsre.Exec(path)

console/console_test.go

@@ -294,3 +294,49 @@ func TestPrettyError(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("pretty error mismatch: have %s, want %s", output, want)
 	}
 }
+
+// Tests that tests if the number of indents for JS input is calculated correct.
+func TestIndenting(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		input               string
+		expectedIndentCount int
+	}{
+		{`var a = 1;`, 0},
+		{`"some string"`, 0},
+		{`"some string with (parentesis`, 0},
+		{`"some string with newline
+		("`, 0},
+		{`function v(a,b) {}`, 0},
+		{`function f(a,b) { var str = "asd("; };`, 0},
+		{`function f(a) {`, 1},
+		{`function f(a, function(b) {`, 2},
+		{`function f(a, function(b) {
+		     var str = "a)}";
+		  });`, 0},
+		{`function f(a,b) {
+		   var str = "a{b(" + a, ", " + b;
+		   }`, 0},
+		{`var str = "\"{"`, 0},
+		{`var str = "'("`, 0},
+		{`var str = "\\{"`, 0},
+		{`var str = "\\\\{"`, 0},
+		{`var str = 'a"{`, 0},
+		{`var obj = {`, 1},
+		{`var obj = { {a:1`, 2},
+		{`var obj = { {a:1}`, 1},
+		{`var obj = { {a:1}, b:2}`, 0},
+		{`var obj = {}`, 0},
+		{`var obj = {
+			a: 1, b: 2
+		}`, 0},
+		{`var test = }`, -1},
+		{`var str = "a\""; var obj = {`, 1},
+	}
+
+	for i, tt := range testCases {
+		counted := countIndents(tt.input)
+		if counted != tt.expectedIndentCount {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: invalid indenting: have %d, want %d", i, counted, tt.expectedIndentCount)
+		}
+	}
+}

containers/docker/master-alpine/Dockerfile

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 FROM alpine:3.3
 
 RUN \
-  apk add --update go git make gcc musl-dev gmp-dev gmp && \
-  git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum     && \
-  (cd go-ethereum && make geth)                         && \
-  cp go-ethereum/build/bin/geth /geth                   && \
-  apk del go git make gcc musl-dev gmp-dev              && \
+  apk add --update go git make gcc musl-dev         && \
+  git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum && \
+  (cd go-ethereum && make geth)                     && \
+  cp go-ethereum/build/bin/geth /geth               && \
+  apk del go git make gcc musl-dev                  && \
   rm -rf /go-ethereum && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
 
 EXPOSE 8545

core/bench_test.go

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func benchInsertChain(b *testing.B, disk bool, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) {
 	// Generate a chain of b.N blocks using the supplied block
 	// generator function.
 	genesis := WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, GenesisAccount{benchRootAddr, benchRootFunds})
-	chain, _ := GenerateChain(genesis, db, b.N, gen)
+	chain, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, b.N, gen)
 
 	// Time the insertion of the new chain.
 	// State and blocks are stored in the same DB.

core/block_validator.go

@@ -247,7 +247,8 @@ func ValidateHeader(config *ChainConfig, pow pow.PoW, header *types.Header, pare
 			return &BlockNonceErr{header.Number, header.Hash(), header.Nonce.Uint64()}
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+	// If all checks passed, validate the extra-data field for hard forks
+	return ValidateDAOHeaderExtraData(config, header)
 }
 
 // CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns

core/blockchain.go

@@ -95,10 +95,11 @@ type BlockChain struct {
 	currentBlock     *types.Block // Current head of the block chain
 	currentFastBlock *types.Block // Current head of the fast-sync chain (may be above the block chain!)
 
-	bodyCache    *lru.Cache // Cache for the most recent block bodies
-	bodyRLPCache *lru.Cache // Cache for the most recent block bodies in RLP encoded format
-	blockCache   *lru.Cache // Cache for the most recent entire blocks
-	futureBlocks *lru.Cache // future blocks are blocks added for later processing
+	stateCache   *state.StateDB // State database to reuse between imports (contains state cache)
+	bodyCache    *lru.Cache     // Cache for the most recent block bodies
+	bodyRLPCache *lru.Cache     // Cache for the most recent block bodies in RLP encoded format
+	blockCache   *lru.Cache     // Cache for the most recent entire blocks
+	futureBlocks *lru.Cache     // future blocks are blocks added for later processing
 
 	quit    chan struct{} // blockchain quit channel
 	running int32         // running must be called atomically
@@ -198,11 +199,18 @@ func (self *BlockChain) loadLastState() error {
 			self.currentFastBlock = block
 		}
 	}
+	// Initialize a statedb cache to ensure singleton account bloom filter generation
+	statedb, err := state.New(self.currentBlock.Root(), self.chainDb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	self.stateCache = statedb
+	self.stateCache.GetAccount(common.Address{})
+
 	// Issue a status log and return
 	headerTd := self.GetTd(self.hc.CurrentHeader().Hash())
 	blockTd := self.GetTd(self.currentBlock.Hash())
 	fastTd := self.GetTd(self.currentFastBlock.Hash())
-
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Last header: #%d [%x…] TD=%v", self.hc.CurrentHeader().Number, self.hc.CurrentHeader().Hash().Bytes()[:4], headerTd)
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Last block: #%d [%x…] TD=%v", self.currentBlock.Number(), self.currentBlock.Hash().Bytes()[:4], blockTd)
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Fast block: #%d [%x…] TD=%v", self.currentFastBlock.Number(), self.currentFastBlock.Hash().Bytes()[:4], fastTd)
@@ -349,7 +357,12 @@ func (self *BlockChain) AuxValidator() pow.PoW { return self.pow }
 
 // State returns a new mutable state based on the current HEAD block.
 func (self *BlockChain) State() (*state.StateDB, error) {
-	return state.New(self.CurrentBlock().Root(), self.chainDb)
+	return self.StateAt(self.CurrentBlock().Root())
+}
+
+// StateAt returns a new mutable state based on a particular point in time.
+func (self *BlockChain) StateAt(root common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error) {
+	return self.stateCache.New(root)
 }
 
 // Reset purges the entire blockchain, restoring it to its genesis state.
@@ -763,13 +776,20 @@ func (self *BlockChain) WriteBlock(block *types.Block) (status WriteStatus, err
 	if ptd == nil {
 		return NonStatTy, ParentError(block.ParentHash())
 	}
+	// Make sure no inconsistent state is leaked during insertion
+	self.mu.Lock()
+	defer self.mu.Unlock()
 
 	localTd := self.GetTd(self.currentBlock.Hash())
 	externTd := new(big.Int).Add(block.Difficulty(), ptd)
 
-	// Make sure no inconsistent state is leaked during insertion
-	self.mu.Lock()
-	defer self.mu.Unlock()
+	// Irrelevant of the canonical status, write the block itself to the database
+	if err := self.hc.WriteTd(block.Hash(), externTd); err != nil {
+		glog.Fatalf("failed to write block total difficulty: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := WriteBlock(self.chainDb, block); err != nil {
+		glog.Fatalf("failed to write block contents: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	// If the total difficulty is higher than our known, add it to the canonical chain
 	// Second clause in the if statement reduces the vulnerability to selfish mining.
@@ -781,20 +801,11 @@ func (self *BlockChain) WriteBlock(block *types.Block) (status WriteStatus, err
 				return NonStatTy, err
 			}
 		}
-		// Insert the block as the new head of the chain
-		self.insert(block)
+		self.insert(block) // Insert the block as the new head of the chain
 		status = CanonStatTy
 	} else {
 		status = SideStatTy
 	}
-	// Irrelevant of the canonical status, write the block itself to the database
-	if err := self.hc.WriteTd(block.Hash(), externTd); err != nil {
-		glog.Fatalf("failed to write block total difficulty: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := WriteBlock(self.chainDb, block); err != nil {
-		glog.Fatalf("failed to write block contents: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	self.futureBlocks.Remove(block.Hash())
 
 	return
@@ -819,7 +830,6 @@ func (self *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 		tstart        = time.Now()
 
 		nonceChecked = make([]bool, len(chain))
-		statedb      *state.StateDB
 	)
 
 	// Start the parallel nonce verifier.
@@ -886,29 +896,30 @@ func (self *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 
 		// Create a new statedb using the parent block and report an
 		// error if it fails.
-		if statedb == nil {
-			statedb, err = state.New(self.GetBlock(block.ParentHash()).Root(), self.chainDb)
-		} else {
-			err = statedb.Reset(chain[i-1].Root())
+		switch {
+		case i == 0:
+			err = self.stateCache.Reset(self.GetBlock(block.ParentHash()).Root())
+		default:
+			err = self.stateCache.Reset(chain[i-1].Root())
 		}
 		if err != nil {
 			reportBlock(block, err)
 			return i, err
 		}
 		// Process block using the parent state as reference point.
-		receipts, logs, usedGas, err := self.processor.Process(block, statedb, self.config.VmConfig)
+		receipts, logs, usedGas, err := self.processor.Process(block, self.stateCache, self.config.VmConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			reportBlock(block, err)
 			return i, err
 		}
 		// Validate the state using the default validator
-		err = self.Validator().ValidateState(block, self.GetBlock(block.ParentHash()), statedb, receipts, usedGas)
+		err = self.Validator().ValidateState(block, self.GetBlock(block.ParentHash()), self.stateCache, receipts, usedGas)
 		if err != nil {
 			reportBlock(block, err)
 			return i, err
 		}
 		// Write state changes to database
-		_, err = statedb.Commit()
+		_, err = self.stateCache.Commit()
 		if err != nil {
 			return i, err
 		}

core/blockchain_test.go

@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) {
 		funds    = big.NewInt(1000000000)
 		genesis  = GenesisBlockForTesting(gendb, address, funds)
 	)
-	blocks, receipts := GenerateChain(genesis, gendb, 1024, func(i int, block *BlockGen) {
+	blocks, receipts := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, gendb, 1024, func(i int, block *BlockGen) {
 		block.SetCoinbase(common.Address{0x00})
 
 		// If the block number is multiple of 3, send a few bonus transactions to the miner
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) {
 		genesis  = GenesisBlockForTesting(gendb, address, funds)
 	)
 	height := uint64(1024)
-	blocks, receipts := GenerateChain(genesis, gendb, int(height), nil)
+	blocks, receipts := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, gendb, int(height), nil)
 
 	// Configure a subchain to roll back
 	remove := []common.Hash{}
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ func TestChainTxReorgs(t *testing.T) {
 	//  - futureAdd: transaction added after the reorg has already finished
 	var pastAdd, freshAdd, futureAdd *types.Transaction
 
-	chain, _ := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
+	chain, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		switch i {
 		case 0:
 			pastDrop, _ = types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr2), addr2, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key2)
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ func TestChainTxReorgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// overwrite the old chain
-	chain, _ = GenerateChain(genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
+	chain, _ = GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		switch i {
 		case 0:
 			pastAdd, _ = types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr3), addr3, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key3)
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ func TestLogReorgs(t *testing.T) {
 	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux)
 
 	subs := evmux.Subscribe(RemovedLogsEvent{})
-	chain, _ := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 2, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
+	chain, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 2, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		if i == 1 {
 			tx, err := types.NewContractCreation(gen.TxNonce(addr1), new(big.Int), big.NewInt(1000000), new(big.Int), code).SignECDSA(key1)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ func TestLogReorgs(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert chain: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	chain, _ = GenerateChain(genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+	chain, _ = GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
 	if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert forked chain: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1025,12 +1025,12 @@ func TestReorgSideEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
 	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux)
 
-	chain, _ := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+	chain, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
 	if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert chain: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	replacementBlocks, _ := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 4, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
+	replacementBlocks, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 4, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		tx, err := types.NewContractCreation(gen.TxNonce(addr1), new(big.Int), big.NewInt(1000000), new(big.Int), nil).SignECDSA(key1)
 		if i == 2 {
 			gen.OffsetTime(-1)
@@ -1090,3 +1090,41 @@ done:
 	}
 
 }
+
+// Tests if the canonical block can be fetched from the database during chain insertion.
+func TestCanonicalBlockRetrieval(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		db, _   = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+		genesis = WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db)
+	)
+
+	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
+	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux)
+
+	chain, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 10, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+
+	for i, _ := range chain {
+		go func(block *types.Block) {
+			// try to retrieve a block by its canonical hash and see if the block data can be retrieved.
+			for {
+				ch := GetCanonicalHash(db, block.NumberU64())
+				if ch == (common.Hash{}) {
+					continue // busy wait for canonical hash to be written
+				}
+				if ch != block.Hash() {
+					t.Fatalf("unknown canonical hash, want %s, got %s", block.Hash().Hex(), ch.Hex())
+				}
+				fb := GetBlock(db, ch)
+				if fb == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("unable to retrieve block %d for canonical hash: %s", block.NumberU64(), ch.Hex())
+				}
+				if fb.Hash() != block.Hash() {
+					t.Fatalf("invalid block hash for block %d, want %s, got %s", block.NumberU64(), block.Hash().Hex(), fb.Hash().Hex())
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}(chain[i])
+
+		blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{chain[i]})
+	}
+}

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
 )
 
@@ -35,7 +36,11 @@ import (
 
 // MakeChainConfig returns a new ChainConfig with the ethereum default chain settings.
 func MakeChainConfig() *ChainConfig {
-	return &ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0)}
+	return &ChainConfig{
+		HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0),
+		DAOForkBlock:   nil,
+		DAOForkSupport: true,
+	}
 }
 
 // FakePow is a non-validating proof of work implementation.
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ func (b *BlockGen) AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt *types.Receipt) {
 // TxNonce returns the next valid transaction nonce for the
 // account at addr. It panics if the account does not exist.
 func (b *BlockGen) TxNonce(addr common.Address) uint64 {
-	if !b.statedb.HasAccount(addr) {
+	if !b.statedb.Exist(addr) {
 		panic("account does not exist")
 	}
 	return b.statedb.GetNonce(addr)
@@ -173,10 +178,27 @@ func (b *BlockGen) OffsetTime(seconds int64) {
 // Blocks created by GenerateChain do not contain valid proof of work
 // values. Inserting them into BlockChain requires use of FakePow or
 // a similar non-validating proof of work implementation.
-func GenerateChain(parent *types.Block, db ethdb.Database, n int, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) ([]*types.Block, []types.Receipts) {
+func GenerateChain(config *ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, db ethdb.Database, n int, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) ([]*types.Block, []types.Receipts) {
 	blocks, receipts := make(types.Blocks, n), make([]types.Receipts, n)
 	genblock := func(i int, h *types.Header, statedb *state.StateDB) (*types.Block, types.Receipts) {
 		b := &BlockGen{parent: parent, i: i, chain: blocks, header: h, statedb: statedb}
+
+		// Mutate the state and block according to any hard-fork specs
+		if config == nil {
+			config = MakeChainConfig()
+		}
+		if daoBlock := config.DAOForkBlock; daoBlock != nil {
+			limit := new(big.Int).Add(daoBlock, params.DAOForkExtraRange)
+			if h.Number.Cmp(daoBlock) >= 0 && h.Number.Cmp(limit) < 0 {
+				if config.DAOForkSupport {
+					h.Extra = common.CopyBytes(params.DAOForkBlockExtra)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if config.DAOForkSupport && config.DAOForkBlock != nil && config.DAOForkBlock.Cmp(h.Number) == 0 {
+			ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb)
+		}
+		// Execute any user modifications to the block and finalize it
 		if gen != nil {
 			gen(i, b)
 		}
@@ -261,7 +283,7 @@ func makeHeaderChain(parent *types.Header, n int, db ethdb.Database, seed int) [
 
 // makeBlockChain creates a deterministic chain of blocks rooted at parent.
 func makeBlockChain(parent *types.Block, n int, db ethdb.Database, seed int) []*types.Block {
-	blocks, _ := GenerateChain(parent, db, n, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {
+	blocks, _ := GenerateChain(nil, parent, db, n, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {
 		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{0: byte(seed), 19: byte(i)})
 	})
 	return blocks

core/chain_makers_test.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func ExampleGenerateChain() {
 	// This call generates a chain of 5 blocks. The function runs for
 	// each block and adds different features to gen based on the
 	// block index.
-	chain, _ := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
+	chain, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		switch i {
 		case 0:
 			// In block 1, addr1 sends addr2 some ether.
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func ExampleGenerateChain() {
 	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
 	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, MakeChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux)
 	if i, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", i, err)
+		fmt.Printf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", chain[i].NumberU64(), err)
 		return
 	}
 

core/chain_pow_test.go

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func TestPowVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		testdb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 		genesis   = GenesisBlockForTesting(testdb, common.Address{}, new(big.Int))
-		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(genesis, testdb, 8, nil)
+		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(nil, genesis, testdb, 8, nil)
 	)
 	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks))
 	for i, block := range blocks {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func testPowConcurrentVerification(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 	var (
 		testdb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 		genesis   = GenesisBlockForTesting(testdb, common.Address{}, new(big.Int))
-		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(genesis, testdb, 8, nil)
+		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(nil, genesis, testdb, 8, nil)
 	)
 	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks))
 	for i, block := range blocks {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func testPowConcurrentAbortion(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 	var (
 		testdb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 		genesis   = GenesisBlockForTesting(testdb, common.Address{}, new(big.Int))
-		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(genesis, testdb, 1024, nil)
+		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(nil, genesis, testdb, 1024, nil)
 	)
 	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks))
 	for i, block := range blocks {

core/config.go

@@ -31,16 +31,17 @@ var ChainConfigNotFoundErr = errors.New("ChainConfig not found") // general conf
 // that any network, identified by its genesis block, can have its own
 // set of configuration options.
 type ChainConfig struct {
-	HomesteadBlock *big.Int // homestead switch block
+	HomesteadBlock *big.Int `json:"homesteadBlock"` // Homestead switch block (nil = no fork, 0 = already homestead)
+	DAOForkBlock   *big.Int `json:"daoForkBlock"`   // TheDAO hard-fork switch block (nil = no fork)
+	DAOForkSupport bool     `json:"daoForkSupport"` // Whether the nodes supports or opposes the DAO hard-fork
 
 	VmConfig vm.Config `json:"-"`
 }
 
 // IsHomestead returns whether num is either equal to the homestead block or greater.
 func (c *ChainConfig) IsHomestead(num *big.Int) bool {
-	if num == nil {
+	if c.HomesteadBlock == nil || num == nil {
 		return false
 	}
-
 	return num.Cmp(c.HomesteadBlock) >= 0
 }

core/dao.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+// ValidateDAOHeaderExtraData validates the extra-data field of a block header to
+// ensure it conforms to DAO hard-fork rules.
+//
+// DAO hard-fork extension to the header validity:
+//   a) if the node is no-fork, do not accept blocks in the [fork, fork+10) range
+//      with the fork specific extra-data set
+//   b) if the node is pro-fork, require blocks in the specific range to have the
+//      unique extra-data set.
+func ValidateDAOHeaderExtraData(config *ChainConfig, header *types.Header) error {
+	// Short circuit validation if the node doesn't care about the DAO fork
+	if config.DAOForkBlock == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Make sure the block is within the fork's modified extra-data range
+	limit := new(big.Int).Add(config.DAOForkBlock, params.DAOForkExtraRange)
+	if header.Number.Cmp(config.DAOForkBlock) < 0 || header.Number.Cmp(limit) >= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Depending whether we support or oppose the fork, validate the extra-data contents
+	if config.DAOForkSupport {
+		if bytes.Compare(header.Extra, params.DAOForkBlockExtra) != 0 {
+			return ValidationError("DAO pro-fork bad block extra-data: 0x%x", header.Extra)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if bytes.Compare(header.Extra, params.DAOForkBlockExtra) == 0 {
+			return ValidationError("DAO no-fork bad block extra-data: 0x%x", header.Extra)
+		}
+	}
+	// All ok, header has the same extra-data we expect
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ApplyDAOHardFork modifies the state database according to the DAO hard-fork
+// rules, transferring all balances of a set of DAO accounts to a single refund
+// contract.
+func ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb *state.StateDB) {
+	// Retrieve the contract to refund balances into
+	refund := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(params.DAORefundContract)
+
+	// Move every DAO account and extra-balance account funds into the refund contract
+	for _, addr := range params.DAODrainList {
+		if account := statedb.GetStateObject(addr); account != nil {
+			refund.AddBalance(account.Balance())
+			account.SetBalance(new(big.Int))
+		}
+	}
+}

core/dao_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+// Tests that DAO-fork enabled clients can properly filter out fork-commencing
+// blocks based on their extradata fields.
+func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) {
+	forkBlock := big.NewInt(32)
+
+	// Generate a common prefix for both pro-forkers and non-forkers
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	genesis := WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db)
+	prefix, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, int(forkBlock.Int64()-1), func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+
+	// Create the concurrent, conflicting two nodes
+	proDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(proDb)
+	proConf := &ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0), DAOForkBlock: forkBlock, DAOForkSupport: true}
+	proBc, _ := NewBlockChain(proDb, proConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux))
+
+	conDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(conDb)
+	conConf := &ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0), DAOForkBlock: forkBlock, DAOForkSupport: false}
+	conBc, _ := NewBlockChain(conDb, conConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux))
+
+	if _, err := proBc.InsertChain(prefix); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("pro-fork: failed to import chain prefix: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := conBc.InsertChain(prefix); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("con-fork: failed to import chain prefix: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Try to expand both pro-fork and non-fork chains iteratively with other camp's blocks
+	for i := int64(0); i < params.DAOForkExtraRange.Int64(); i++ {
+		// Create a pro-fork block, and try to feed into the no-fork chain
+		db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+		WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db)
+		bc, _ := NewBlockChain(db, conConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux))
+
+		blocks := conBc.GetBlocksFromHash(conBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(conBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1))
+		for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ {
+			blocks[j], blocks[len(blocks)-1-j] = blocks[len(blocks)-1-j], blocks[j]
+		}
+		if _, err := bc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to import contra-fork chain for expansion: %v", err)
+		}
+		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(proConf, conBc.CurrentBlock(), db, 1, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+		if _, err := conBc.InsertChain(blocks); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("contra-fork chain accepted pro-fork block: %v", blocks[0])
+		}
+		// Create a proper no-fork block for the contra-forker
+		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(conConf, conBc.CurrentBlock(), db, 1, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+		if _, err := conBc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("contra-fork chain didn't accepted no-fork block: %v", err)
+		}
+		// Create a no-fork block, and try to feed into the pro-fork chain
+		db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+		WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db)
+		bc, _ = NewBlockChain(db, proConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux))
+
+		blocks = proBc.GetBlocksFromHash(proBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(proBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1))
+		for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ {
+			blocks[j], blocks[len(blocks)-1-j] = blocks[len(blocks)-1-j], blocks[j]
+		}
+		if _, err := bc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to import pro-fork chain for expansion: %v", err)
+		}
+		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(conConf, proBc.CurrentBlock(), db, 1, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+		if _, err := proBc.InsertChain(blocks); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("pro-fork chain accepted contra-fork block: %v", blocks[0])
+		}
+		// Create a proper pro-fork block for the pro-forker
+		blocks, _ = GenerateChain(proConf, proBc.CurrentBlock(), db, 1, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+		if _, err := proBc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("pro-fork chain didn't accepted pro-fork block: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Verify that contra-forkers accept pro-fork extra-datas after forking finishes
+	db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db)
+	bc, _ := NewBlockChain(db, conConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux))
+
+	blocks := conBc.GetBlocksFromHash(conBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(conBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1))
+	for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ {
+		blocks[j], blocks[len(blocks)-1-j] = blocks[len(blocks)-1-j], blocks[j]
+	}
+	if _, err := bc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to import contra-fork chain for expansion: %v", err)
+	}
+	blocks, _ = GenerateChain(proConf, conBc.CurrentBlock(), db, 1, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+	if _, err := conBc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("contra-fork chain didn't accept pro-fork block post-fork: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Verify that pro-forkers accept contra-fork extra-datas after forking finishes
+	db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db)
+	bc, _ = NewBlockChain(db, proConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux))
+
+	blocks = proBc.GetBlocksFromHash(proBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(proBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1))
+	for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ {
+		blocks[j], blocks[len(blocks)-1-j] = blocks[len(blocks)-1-j], blocks[j]
+	}
+	if _, err := bc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to import pro-fork chain for expansion: %v", err)
+	}
+	blocks, _ = GenerateChain(conConf, proBc.CurrentBlock(), db, 1, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
+	if _, err := proBc.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("pro-fork chain didn't accept contra-fork block post-fork: %v", err)
+	}
+}

core/database_util.go

@@ -157,7 +157,11 @@ func GetTd(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *big.Int {
 }
 
 // GetBlock retrieves an entire block corresponding to the hash, assembling it
-// back from the stored header and body.
+// back from the stored header and body. If either the header or body could not
+// be retrieved nil is returned.
+//
+// Note, due to concurrent download of header and block body the header and thus
+// canonical hash can be stored in the database but the body data not (yet).
 func GetBlock(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
 	// Retrieve the block header and body contents
 	header := GetHeader(db, hash)

core/database_util_test.go

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (d *diffTest) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) (err error) {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func TestDifficultyFrontier(t *testing.T) {
+func TestCalcDifficulty(t *testing.T) {
 	file, err := os.Open("../tests/files/BasicTests/difficulty.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@ func TestDifficultyFrontier(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
+	config := &ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(1150000)}
 	for name, test := range tests {
 		number := new(big.Int).Sub(test.CurrentBlocknumber, big.NewInt(1))
-		diff := calcDifficultyFrontier(test.CurrentTimestamp, test.ParentTimestamp, number, test.ParentDifficulty)
+		diff := CalcDifficulty(config, test.CurrentTimestamp, test.ParentTimestamp, number, test.ParentDifficulty)
 		if diff.Cmp(test.CurrentDifficulty) != 0 {
 			t.Error(name, "failed. Expected", test.CurrentDifficulty, "and calculated", diff)
 		}
@@ -561,7 +562,7 @@ func TestMipmapChain(t *testing.T) {
 	defer db.Close()
 
 	genesis := WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, GenesisAccount{addr, big.NewInt(1000000)})
-	chain, receipts := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 1010, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
+	chain, receipts := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 1010, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		var receipts types.Receipts
 		switch i {
 		case 1:

core/execution.go

@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ import (
 
 // Call executes within the given contract
 func Call(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, err error) {
-	ret, _, err = exec(env, caller, &addr, &addr, input, env.Db().GetCode(addr), gas, gasPrice, value)
+	ret, _, err = exec(env, caller, &addr, &addr, env.Db().GetCodeHash(addr), input, env.Db().GetCode(addr), gas, gasPrice, value)
 	return ret, err
 }
 
 // CallCode executes the given address' code as the given contract address
 func CallCode(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, err error) {
 	callerAddr := caller.Address()
-	ret, _, err = exec(env, caller, &callerAddr, &addr, input, env.Db().GetCode(addr), gas, gasPrice, value)
+	ret, _, err = exec(env, caller, &callerAddr, &addr, env.Db().GetCodeHash(addr), input, env.Db().GetCode(addr), gas, gasPrice, value)
 	return ret, err
 }
 
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ func DelegateCall(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, addr common.Address
 	callerAddr := caller.Address()
 	originAddr := env.Origin()
 	callerValue := caller.Value()
-	ret, _, err = execDelegateCall(env, caller, &originAddr, &callerAddr, &addr, input, env.Db().GetCode(addr), gas, gasPrice, callerValue)
+	ret, _, err = execDelegateCall(env, caller, &originAddr, &callerAddr, &addr, env.Db().GetCodeHash(addr), input, env.Db().GetCode(addr), gas, gasPrice, callerValue)
 	return ret, err
 }
 
 // Create creates a new contract with the given code
 func Create(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, code []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, address common.Address, err error) {
-	ret, address, err = exec(env, caller, nil, nil, nil, code, gas, gasPrice, value)
+	ret, address, err = exec(env, caller, nil, nil, crypto.Keccak256Hash(code), nil, code, gas, gasPrice, value)
 	// Here we get an error if we run into maximum stack depth,
 	// See: https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper/pull/131
 	// and YP definitions for CREATE instruction
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func Create(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, code []byte, gas, gasPric
 	return ret, address, err
 }
 
-func exec(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, address, codeAddr *common.Address, input, code []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, addr common.Address, err error) {
+func exec(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, address, codeAddr *common.Address, codeHash common.Hash, input, code []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, addr common.Address, err error) {
 	evm := env.Vm()
 	// Depth check execution. Fail if we're trying to execute above the
 	// limit.
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func exec(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, address, codeAddr *common.A
 		createAccount = true
 	}
 
-	snapshotPreTransfer := env.MakeSnapshot()
+	snapshotPreTransfer := env.SnapshotDatabase()
 	var (
 		from = env.Db().GetAccount(caller.Address())
 		to   vm.Account
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func exec(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, address, codeAddr *common.A
 	// EVM. The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context
 	// only.
 	contract := vm.NewContract(caller, to, value, gas, gasPrice)
-	contract.SetCallCode(codeAddr, code)
+	contract.SetCallCode(codeAddr, codeHash, code)
 	defer contract.Finalise()
 
 	ret, err = evm.Run(contract, input)
@@ -129,13 +129,13 @@ func exec(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, address, codeAddr *common.A
 	if err != nil && (env.RuleSet().IsHomestead(env.BlockNumber()) || err != vm.CodeStoreOutOfGasError) {
 		contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
 
-		env.SetSnapshot(snapshotPreTransfer)
+		env.RevertToSnapshot(snapshotPreTransfer)
 	}
 
 	return ret, addr, err
 }
 
-func execDelegateCall(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, originAddr, toAddr, codeAddr *common.Address, input, code []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, addr common.Address, err error) {
+func execDelegateCall(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, originAddr, toAddr, codeAddr *common.Address, codeHash common.Hash, input, code []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, addr common.Address, err error) {
 	evm := env.Vm()
 	// Depth check execution. Fail if we're trying to execute above the
 	// limit.
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func execDelegateCall(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, originAddr, toA
 		return nil, common.Address{}, vm.DepthError
 	}
 
-	snapshot := env.MakeSnapshot()
+	snapshot := env.SnapshotDatabase()
 
 	var to vm.Account
 	if !env.Db().Exist(*toAddr) {
@@ -155,14 +155,14 @@ func execDelegateCall(env vm.Environment, caller vm.ContractRef, originAddr, toA
 
 	// Iinitialise a new contract and make initialise the delegate values
 	contract := vm.NewContract(caller, to, value, gas, gasPrice).AsDelegate()
-	contract.SetCallCode(codeAddr, code)
+	contract.SetCallCode(codeAddr, codeHash, code)
 	defer contract.Finalise()
 
 	ret, err = evm.Run(contract, input)
 	if err != nil {
 		contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
 
-		env.SetSnapshot(snapshot)
+		env.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 	}
 
 	return ret, addr, err

core/headerchain.go

@@ -129,6 +129,14 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) WriteHeader(header *types.Header) (status WriteStatus, er
 	localTd := hc.GetTd(hc.currentHeaderHash)
 	externTd := new(big.Int).Add(header.Difficulty, ptd)
 
+	// Irrelevant of the canonical status, write the td and header to the database
+	if err := hc.WriteTd(hash, externTd); err != nil {
+		glog.Fatalf("failed to write header total difficulty: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := WriteHeader(hc.chainDb, header); err != nil {
+		glog.Fatalf("failed to write header contents: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	// If the total difficulty is higher than our known, add it to the canonical chain
 	// Second clause in the if statement reduces the vulnerability to selfish mining.
 	// Please refer to http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ie53/publications/btcProcFC.pdf
@@ -150,6 +158,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) WriteHeader(header *types.Header) (status WriteStatus, er
 			headHeader = hc.GetHeader(headHash)
 			headNumber = headHeader.Number.Uint64()
 		}
+
 		// Extend the canonical chain with the new header
 		if err := WriteCanonicalHash(hc.chainDb, hash, number); err != nil {
 			glog.Fatalf("failed to insert header number: %v", err)
@@ -157,19 +166,13 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) WriteHeader(header *types.Header) (status WriteStatus, er
 		if err := WriteHeadHeaderHash(hc.chainDb, hash); err != nil {
 			glog.Fatalf("failed to insert head header hash: %v", err)
 		}
+
 		hc.currentHeaderHash, hc.currentHeader = hash, types.CopyHeader(header)
 
 		status = CanonStatTy
 	} else {
 		status = SideStatTy
 	}
-	// Irrelevant of the canonical status, write the header itself to the database
-	if err := hc.WriteTd(hash, externTd); err != nil {
-		glog.Fatalf("failed to write header total difficulty: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := WriteHeader(hc.chainDb, header); err != nil {
-		glog.Fatalf("failed to write header contents: %v", err)
-	}
 	hc.headerCache.Add(hash, header)
 
 	return

core/state/dump.go

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
-type Account struct {
+type DumpAccount struct {
 	Balance  string            `json:"balance"`
 	Nonce    uint64            `json:"nonce"`
 	Root     string            `json:"root"`
@@ -32,40 +33,41 @@ type Account struct {
 	Storage  map[string]string `json:"storage"`
 }
 
-type World struct {
-	Root     string             `json:"root"`
-	Accounts map[string]Account `json:"accounts"`
+type Dump struct {
+	Root     string                 `json:"root"`
+	Accounts map[string]DumpAccount `json:"accounts"`
 }
 
-func (self *StateDB) RawDump() World {
-	world := World{
+func (self *StateDB) RawDump() Dump {
+	dump := Dump{
 		Root:     common.Bytes2Hex(self.trie.Root()),
-		Accounts: make(map[string]Account),
+		Accounts: make(map[string]DumpAccount),
 	}
 
 	it := self.trie.Iterator()
 	for it.Next() {
 		addr := self.trie.GetKey(it.Key)
-		stateObject, err := DecodeObject(common.BytesToAddress(addr), self.db, it.Value)
-		if err != nil {
+		var data Account
+		if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(it.Value, &data); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
 
-		account := Account{
-			Balance:  stateObject.balance.String(),
-			Nonce:    stateObject.nonce,
-			Root:     common.Bytes2Hex(stateObject.Root()),
-			CodeHash: common.Bytes2Hex(stateObject.codeHash),
-			Code:     common.Bytes2Hex(stateObject.Code()),
+		obj := newObject(nil, common.BytesToAddress(addr), data, nil)
+		account := DumpAccount{
+			Balance:  data.Balance.String(),
+			Nonce:    data.Nonce,
+			Root:     common.Bytes2Hex(data.Root[:]),
+			CodeHash: common.Bytes2Hex(data.CodeHash),
+			Code:     common.Bytes2Hex(obj.Code(self.db)),
 			Storage:  make(map[string]string),
 		}
-		storageIt := stateObject.trie.Iterator()
+		storageIt := obj.getTrie(self.db).Iterator()
 		for storageIt.Next() {
 			account.Storage[common.Bytes2Hex(self.trie.GetKey(storageIt.Key))] = common.Bytes2Hex(storageIt.Value)
 		}
-		world.Accounts[common.Bytes2Hex(addr)] = account
+		dump.Accounts[common.Bytes2Hex(addr)] = account
 	}
-	return world
+	return dump
 }
 
 func (self *StateDB) Dump() []byte {
@@ -76,12 +78,3 @@ func (self *StateDB) Dump() []byte {
 
 	return json
 }
-
-// Debug stuff
-func (self *StateObject) CreateOutputForDiff() {
-	fmt.Printf("%x %x %x %x\n", self.Address(), self.Root(), self.balance.Bytes(), self.nonce)
-	it := self.trie.Iterator()
-	for it.Next() {
-		fmt.Printf("%x %x\n", it.Key, it.Value)
-	}
-}

core/state/iterator.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func (it *NodeIterator) step() error {
 	}
 	// Initialize the iterator if we've just started
 	if it.stateIt == nil {
-		it.stateIt = trie.NewNodeIterator(it.state.trie.Trie)
+		it.stateIt = it.state.trie.NodeIterator()
 	}
 	// If we had data nodes previously, we surely have at least state nodes
 	if it.dataIt != nil {

core/state/journal.go

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package state
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+type journalEntry interface {
+	undo(*StateDB)
+}
+
+type journal []journalEntry
+
+type (
+	// Changes to the account trie.
+	createObjectChange struct {
+		account *common.Address
+	}
+	resetObjectChange struct {
+		prev *StateObject
+	}
+	suicideChange struct {
+		account     *common.Address
+		prev        bool // whether account had already suicided
+		prevbalance *big.Int
+	}
+
+	// Changes to individual accounts.
+	balanceChange struct {
+		account *common.Address
+		prev    *big.Int
+	}
+	nonceChange struct {
+		account *common.Address
+		prev    uint64
+	}
+	storageChange struct {
+		account       *common.Address
+		key, prevalue common.Hash
+	}
+	codeChange struct {
+		account            *common.Address
+		prevcode, prevhash []byte
+	}
+
+	// Changes to other state values.
+	refundChange struct {
+		prev *big.Int
+	}
+	addLogChange struct {
+		txhash common.Hash
+	}
+)
+
+func (ch createObjectChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	s.GetStateObject(*ch.account).deleted = true
+	delete(s.stateObjects, *ch.account)
+	delete(s.stateObjectsDirty, *ch.account)
+}
+
+func (ch resetObjectChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	s.setStateObject(ch.prev)
+}
+
+func (ch suicideChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	obj := s.GetStateObject(*ch.account)
+	if obj != nil {
+		obj.suicided = ch.prev
+		obj.setBalance(ch.prevbalance)
+	}
+}
+
+func (ch balanceChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	s.GetStateObject(*ch.account).setBalance(ch.prev)
+}
+
+func (ch nonceChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	s.GetStateObject(*ch.account).setNonce(ch.prev)
+}
+
+func (ch codeChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	s.GetStateObject(*ch.account).setCode(common.BytesToHash(ch.prevhash), ch.prevcode)
+}
+
+func (ch storageChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	s.GetStateObject(*ch.account).setState(ch.key, ch.prevalue)
+}
+
+func (ch refundChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	s.refund = ch.prev
+}
+
+func (ch addLogChange) undo(s *StateDB) {
+	logs := s.logs[ch.txhash]
+	if len(logs) == 1 {
+		delete(s.logs, ch.txhash)
+	} else {
+		s.logs[ch.txhash] = logs[:len(logs)-1]
+	}
+}

core/state/managed_state.go

@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ type ManagedState struct {
 
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 
-	accounts map[string]*account
+	accounts map[common.Address]*account
 }
 
 // ManagedState returns a new managed state with the statedb as it's backing layer
 func ManageState(statedb *StateDB) *ManagedState {
 	return &ManagedState{
 		StateDB:  statedb.Copy(),
-		accounts: make(map[string]*account),
+		accounts: make(map[common.Address]*account),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (ms *ManagedState) SetNonce(addr common.Address, nonce uint64) {
 	so := ms.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	so.SetNonce(nonce)
 
-	ms.accounts[addr.Str()] = newAccount(so)
+	ms.accounts[addr] = newAccount(so)
 }
 
 // HasAccount returns whether the given address is managed or not
@@ -114,29 +114,28 @@ func (ms *ManagedState) HasAccount(addr common.Address) bool {
 }
 
 func (ms *ManagedState) hasAccount(addr common.Address) bool {
-	_, ok := ms.accounts[addr.Str()]
+	_, ok := ms.accounts[addr]
 	return ok
 }
 
 // populate the managed state
 func (ms *ManagedState) getAccount(addr common.Address) *account {
-	straddr := addr.Str()
-	if account, ok := ms.accounts[straddr]; !ok {
+	if account, ok := ms.accounts[addr]; !ok {
 		so := ms.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
-		ms.accounts[straddr] = newAccount(so)
+		ms.accounts[addr] = newAccount(so)
 	} else {
 		// Always make sure the state account nonce isn't actually higher
 		// than the tracked one.
 		so := ms.StateDB.GetStateObject(addr)
-		if so != nil && uint64(len(account.nonces))+account.nstart < so.nonce {
-			ms.accounts[straddr] = newAccount(so)
+		if so != nil && uint64(len(account.nonces))+account.nstart < so.Nonce() {
+			ms.accounts[addr] = newAccount(so)
 		}
 
 	}
 
-	return ms.accounts[straddr]
+	return ms.accounts[addr]
 }
 
 func newAccount(so *StateObject) *account {
-	return &account{so, so.nonce, nil}
+	return &account{so, so.Nonce(), nil}
 }

core/state/managed_state_test.go

@@ -29,11 +29,9 @@ func create() (*ManagedState, *account) {
 	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 	statedb, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db)
 	ms := ManageState(statedb)
-	so := &StateObject{address: addr, nonce: 100}
-	ms.StateDB.stateObjects[addr.Str()] = so
-	ms.accounts[addr.Str()] = newAccount(so)
-
-	return ms, ms.accounts[addr.Str()]
+	ms.StateDB.SetNonce(addr, 100)
+	ms.accounts[addr] = newAccount(ms.StateDB.GetStateObject(addr))
+	return ms, ms.accounts[addr]
 }
 
 func TestNewNonce(t *testing.T) {
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ func TestRemoteNonceChange(t *testing.T) {
 	account.nonces = append(account.nonces, nn...)
 	nonce := ms.NewNonce(addr)
 
-	ms.StateDB.stateObjects[addr.Str()].nonce = 200
+	ms.StateDB.stateObjects[addr].data.Nonce = 200
 	nonce = ms.NewNonce(addr)
 	if nonce != 200 {
 		t.Error("expected nonce after remote update to be", 201, "got", nonce)
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ func TestRemoteNonceChange(t *testing.T) {
 	ms.NewNonce(addr)
 	ms.NewNonce(addr)
 	ms.NewNonce(addr)
-	ms.StateDB.stateObjects[addr.Str()].nonce = 200
+	ms.StateDB.stateObjects[addr].data.Nonce = 200
 	nonce = ms.NewNonce(addr)
 	if nonce != 204 {
 		t.Error("expected nonce after remote update to be", 201, "got", nonce)

core/state/state_object.go

@@ -57,143 +57,220 @@ func (self Storage) Copy() Storage {
 	return cpy
 }
 
+// StateObject represents an Ethereum account which is being modified.
+//
+// The usage pattern is as follows:
+// First you need to obtain a state object.
+// Account values can be accessed and modified through the object.
+// Finally, call CommitTrie to write the modified storage trie into a database.
 type StateObject struct {
-	db   trie.Database // State database for storing state changes
-	trie *trie.SecureTrie
+	address common.Address // Ethereum address of this account
+	data    Account
+	db      *StateDB
 
-	// Address belonging to this account
-	address common.Address
-	// The balance of the account
-	balance *big.Int
-	// The nonce of the account
-	nonce uint64
-	// The code hash if code is present (i.e. a contract)
-	codeHash []byte
-	// The code for this account
-	code Code
-	// Temporarily initialisation code
-	initCode Code
-	// Cached storage (flushed when updated)
-	storage Storage
+	// DB error.
+	// State objects are used by the consensus core and VM which are
+	// unable to deal with database-level errors. Any error that occurs
+	// during a database read is memoized here and will eventually be returned
+	// by StateDB.Commit.
+	dbErr error
 
-	// Mark for deletion
-	// When an object is marked for deletion it will be delete from the trie
-	// during the "update" phase of the state transition
-	remove  bool
-	deleted bool
-	dirty   bool
+	// Write caches.
+	trie *trie.SecureTrie // storage trie, which becomes non-nil on first access
+	code Code             // contract bytecode, which gets set when code is loaded
+
+	cachedStorage Storage // Storage entry cache to avoid duplicate reads
+	dirtyStorage  Storage // Storage entries that need to be flushed to disk
+
+	// Cache flags.
+	// When an object is marked suicided it will be delete from the trie
+	// during the "update" phase of the state transition.
+	dirtyCode bool // true if the code was updated
+	suicided  bool
+	deleted   bool
+	onDirty   func(addr common.Address) // Callback method to mark a state object newly dirty
 }
 
-func NewStateObject(address common.Address, db trie.Database) *StateObject {
-	object := &StateObject{
-		db:       db,
-		address:  address,
-		balance:  new(big.Int),
-		dirty:    true,
-		codeHash: emptyCodeHash,
-		storage:  make(Storage),
+// Account is the Ethereum consensus representation of accounts.
+// These objects are stored in the main account trie.
+type Account struct {
+	Nonce    uint64
+	Balance  *big.Int
+	Root     common.Hash // merkle root of the storage trie
+	CodeHash []byte
+}
+
+// newObject creates a state object.
+func newObject(db *StateDB, address common.Address, data Account, onDirty func(addr common.Address)) *StateObject {
+	if data.Balance == nil {
+		data.Balance = new(big.Int)
 	}
-	object.trie, _ = trie.NewSecure(common.Hash{}, db)
-	return object
+	if data.CodeHash == nil {
+		data.CodeHash = emptyCodeHash
+	}
+	return &StateObject{db: db, address: address, data: data, cachedStorage: make(Storage), dirtyStorage: make(Storage), onDirty: onDirty}
 }
 
-func (self *StateObject) MarkForDeletion() {
-	self.remove = true
-	self.dirty = true
+// EncodeRLP implements rlp.Encoder.
+func (c *StateObject) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
+	return rlp.Encode(w, c.data)
+}
 
+// setError remembers the first non-nil error it is called with.
+func (self *StateObject) setError(err error) {
+	if self.dbErr == nil {
+		self.dbErr = err
+	}
+}
+
+func (self *StateObject) markSuicided() {
+	self.suicided = true
+	if self.onDirty != nil {
+		self.onDirty(self.Address())
+		self.onDirty = nil
+	}
 	if glog.V(logger.Core) {
-		glog.Infof("%x: #%d %v X\n", self.Address(), self.nonce, self.balance)
+		glog.Infof("%x: #%d %v X\n", self.Address(), self.Nonce(), self.Balance())
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *StateObject) getAddr(addr common.Hash) common.Hash {
-	var ret []byte
-	rlp.DecodeBytes(c.trie.Get(addr[:]), &ret)
-	return common.BytesToHash(ret)
-}
-
-func (c *StateObject) setAddr(addr, value common.Hash) {
-	v, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(bytes.TrimLeft(value[:], "\x00"))
-	if err != nil {
-		// if RLPing failed we better panic and not fail silently. This would be considered a consensus issue
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	c.trie.Update(addr[:], v)
-}
-
-func (self *StateObject) Storage() Storage {
-	return self.storage
-}
-
-func (self *StateObject) GetState(key common.Hash) common.Hash {
-	value, exists := self.storage[key]
-	if !exists {
-		value = self.getAddr(key)
-		if (value != common.Hash{}) {
-			self.storage[key] = value
+func (c *StateObject) getTrie(db trie.Database) *trie.SecureTrie {
+	if c.trie == nil {
+		var err error
+		c.trie, err = trie.NewSecure(c.data.Root, db)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.trie, _ = trie.NewSecure(common.Hash{}, db)
+			c.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create storage trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
+	return c.trie
+}
 
+// GetState returns a value in account storage.
+func (self *StateObject) GetState(db trie.Database, key common.Hash) common.Hash {
+	value, exists := self.cachedStorage[key]
+	if exists {
+		return value
+	}
+	// Load from DB in case it is missing.
+	if enc := self.getTrie(db).Get(key[:]); len(enc) > 0 {
+		_, content, _, err := rlp.Split(enc)
+		if err != nil {
+			self.setError(err)
+		}
+		value.SetBytes(content)
+	}
+	if (value != common.Hash{}) {
+		self.cachedStorage[key] = value
+	}
 	return value
 }
 
-func (self *StateObject) SetState(key, value common.Hash) {
-	self.storage[key] = value
-	self.dirty = true
+// SetState updates a value in account storage.
+func (self *StateObject) SetState(db trie.Database, key, value common.Hash) {
+	self.db.journal = append(self.db.journal, storageChange{
+		account:  &self.address,
+		key:      key,
+		prevalue: self.GetState(db, key),
+	})
+	self.setState(key, value)
 }
 
-// Update updates the current cached storage to the trie
-func (self *StateObject) Update() {
-	for key, value := range self.storage {
-		if (value == common.Hash{}) {
-			self.trie.Delete(key[:])
-			continue
-		}
-		self.setAddr(key, value)
+func (self *StateObject) setState(key, value common.Hash) {
+	self.cachedStorage[key] = value
+	self.dirtyStorage[key] = value
+
+	if self.onDirty != nil {
+		self.onDirty(self.Address())
+		self.onDirty = nil
 	}
 }
 
+// updateTrie writes cached storage modifications into the object's storage trie.
+func (self *StateObject) updateTrie(db trie.Database) {
+	tr := self.getTrie(db)
+	for key, value := range self.dirtyStorage {
+		delete(self.dirtyStorage, key)
+		if (value == common.Hash{}) {
+			tr.Delete(key[:])
+			continue
+		}
+		// Encoding []byte cannot fail, ok to ignore the error.
+		v, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(bytes.TrimLeft(value[:], "\x00"))
+		tr.Update(key[:], v)
+	}
+}
+
+// UpdateRoot sets the trie root to the current root hash of
+func (self *StateObject) updateRoot(db trie.Database) {
+	self.updateTrie(db)
+	self.data.Root = self.trie.Hash()
+}
+
+// CommitTrie the storage trie of the object to dwb.
+// This updates the trie root.
+func (self *StateObject) CommitTrie(db trie.Database, dbw trie.DatabaseWriter) error {
+	self.updateTrie(db)
+	if self.dbErr != nil {
+		return self.dbErr
+	}
+	root, err := self.trie.CommitTo(dbw)
+	if err == nil {
+		self.data.Root = root
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
 func (c *StateObject) AddBalance(amount *big.Int) {
-	c.SetBalance(new(big.Int).Add(c.balance, amount))
+	if amount.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	c.SetBalance(new(big.Int).Add(c.Balance(), amount))
 
 	if glog.V(logger.Core) {
-		glog.Infof("%x: #%d %v (+ %v)\n", c.Address(), c.nonce, c.balance, amount)
+		glog.Infof("%x: #%d %v (+ %v)\n", c.Address(), c.Nonce(), c.Balance(), amount)
 	}
 }
 
 func (c *StateObject) SubBalance(amount *big.Int) {
-	c.SetBalance(new(big.Int).Sub(c.balance, amount))
+	if amount.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	c.SetBalance(new(big.Int).Sub(c.Balance(), amount))
 
 	if glog.V(logger.Core) {
-		glog.Infof("%x: #%d %v (- %v)\n", c.Address(), c.nonce, c.balance, amount)
+		glog.Infof("%x: #%d %v (- %v)\n", c.Address(), c.Nonce(), c.Balance(), amount)
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *StateObject) SetBalance(amount *big.Int) {
-	c.balance = amount
-	c.dirty = true
+func (self *StateObject) SetBalance(amount *big.Int) {
+	self.db.journal = append(self.db.journal, balanceChange{
+		account: &self.address,
+		prev:    new(big.Int).Set(self.data.Balance),
+	})
+	self.setBalance(amount)
 }
 
-func (c *StateObject) St() Storage {
-	return c.storage
+func (self *StateObject) setBalance(amount *big.Int) {
+	self.data.Balance = amount
+	if self.onDirty != nil {
+		self.onDirty(self.Address())
+		self.onDirty = nil
+	}
 }
 
 // Return the gas back to the origin. Used by the Virtual machine or Closures
 func (c *StateObject) ReturnGas(gas, price *big.Int) {}
 
-func (self *StateObject) Copy() *StateObject {
-	stateObject := NewStateObject(self.Address(), self.db)
-	stateObject.balance.Set(self.balance)
-	stateObject.codeHash = common.CopyBytes(self.codeHash)
-	stateObject.nonce = self.nonce
+func (self *StateObject) deepCopy(db *StateDB, onDirty func(addr common.Address)) *StateObject {
+	stateObject := newObject(db, self.address, self.data, onDirty)
 	stateObject.trie = self.trie
-	stateObject.code = common.CopyBytes(self.code)
-	stateObject.initCode = common.CopyBytes(self.initCode)
-	stateObject.storage = self.storage.Copy()
-	stateObject.remove = self.remove
-	stateObject.dirty = self.dirty
+	stateObject.code = self.code
+	stateObject.dirtyStorage = self.dirtyStorage.Copy()
+	stateObject.cachedStorage = self.dirtyStorage.Copy()
+	stateObject.suicided = self.suicided
+	stateObject.dirtyCode = self.dirtyCode
 	stateObject.deleted = self.deleted
-
 	return stateObject
 }
 
@@ -201,40 +278,73 @@ func (self *StateObject) Copy() *StateObject {
 // Attribute accessors
 //
 
-func (self *StateObject) Balance() *big.Int {
-	return self.balance
-}
-
 // Returns the address of the contract/account
 func (c *StateObject) Address() common.Address {
 	return c.address
 }
 
-func (self *StateObject) Trie() *trie.SecureTrie {
-	return self.trie
-}
-
-func (self *StateObject) Root() []byte {
-	return self.trie.Root()
-}
-
-func (self *StateObject) Code() []byte {
-	return self.code
-}
-
-func (self *StateObject) SetCode(code []byte) {
+// Code returns the contract code associated with this object, if any.
+func (self *StateObject) Code(db trie.Database) []byte {
+	if self.code != nil {
+		return self.code
+	}
+	if bytes.Equal(self.CodeHash(), emptyCodeHash) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	code, err := db.Get(self.CodeHash())
+	if err != nil {
+		self.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't load code hash %x: %v", self.CodeHash(), err))
+	}
 	self.code = code
-	self.codeHash = crypto.Keccak256(code)
-	self.dirty = true
+	return code
+}
+
+func (self *StateObject) SetCode(codeHash common.Hash, code []byte) {
+	prevcode := self.Code(self.db.db)
+	self.db.journal = append(self.db.journal, codeChange{
+		account:  &self.address,
+		prevhash: self.CodeHash(),
+		prevcode: prevcode,
+	})
+	self.setCode(codeHash, code)
+}
+
+func (self *StateObject) setCode(codeHash common.Hash, code []byte) {
+	self.code = code
+	self.data.CodeHash = codeHash[:]
+	self.dirtyCode = true
+	if self.onDirty != nil {
+		self.onDirty(self.Address())
+		self.onDirty = nil
+	}
 }
 
 func (self *StateObject) SetNonce(nonce uint64) {
-	self.nonce = nonce
-	self.dirty = true
+	self.db.journal = append(self.db.journal, nonceChange{
+		account: &self.address,
+		prev:    self.data.Nonce,
+	})
+	self.setNonce(nonce)
+}
+
+func (self *StateObject) setNonce(nonce uint64) {
+	self.data.Nonce = nonce
+	if self.onDirty != nil {
+		self.onDirty(self.Address())
+		self.onDirty = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (self *StateObject) CodeHash() []byte {
+	return self.data.CodeHash
+}
+
+func (self *StateObject) Balance() *big.Int {
+	return self.data.Balance
 }
 
 func (self *StateObject) Nonce() uint64 {
-	return self.nonce
+	return self.data.Nonce
 }
 
 // Never called, but must be present to allow StateObject to be used
@@ -246,52 +356,16 @@ func (self *StateObject) Value() *big.Int {
 
 func (self *StateObject) ForEachStorage(cb func(key, value common.Hash) bool) {
 	// When iterating over the storage check the cache first
-	for h, value := range self.storage {
+	for h, value := range self.cachedStorage {
 		cb(h, value)
 	}
 
-	it := self.trie.Iterator()
+	it := self.getTrie(self.db.db).Iterator()
 	for it.Next() {
 		// ignore cached values
 		key := common.BytesToHash(self.trie.GetKey(it.Key))
-		if _, ok := self.storage[key]; !ok {
+		if _, ok := self.cachedStorage[key]; !ok {
 			cb(key, common.BytesToHash(it.Value))
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-type extStateObject struct {
-	Nonce    uint64
-	Balance  *big.Int
-	Root     common.Hash
-	CodeHash []byte
-}
-
-// EncodeRLP implements rlp.Encoder.
-func (c *StateObject) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
-	return rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{c.nonce, c.balance, c.Root(), c.codeHash})
-}
-
-// DecodeObject decodes an RLP-encoded state object.
-func DecodeObject(address common.Address, db trie.Database, data []byte) (*StateObject, error) {
-	var (
-		obj = &StateObject{address: address, db: db, storage: make(Storage)}
-		ext extStateObject
-		err error
-	)
-	if err = rlp.DecodeBytes(data, &ext); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if obj.trie, err = trie.NewSecure(ext.Root, db); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(ext.CodeHash, emptyCodeHash) {
-		if obj.code, err = db.Get(ext.CodeHash); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't get code for hash %x: %v", ext.CodeHash, err)
-		}
-	}
-	obj.nonce = ext.Nonce
-	obj.balance = ext.Balance
-	obj.codeHash = ext.CodeHash
-	return obj, nil
-}

core/state/state_test.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	checker "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 )
 
@@ -40,13 +41,13 @@ func (s *StateSuite) TestDump(c *checker.C) {
 	obj1 := s.state.GetOrNewStateObject(toAddr([]byte{0x01}))
 	obj1.AddBalance(big.NewInt(22))
 	obj2 := s.state.GetOrNewStateObject(toAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x02}))
-	obj2.SetCode([]byte{3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3})
+	obj2.SetCode(crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte{3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3}), []byte{3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3})
 	obj3 := s.state.GetOrNewStateObject(toAddr([]byte{0x02}))
 	obj3.SetBalance(big.NewInt(44))
 
 	// write some of them to the trie
-	s.state.UpdateStateObject(obj1)
-	s.state.UpdateStateObject(obj2)
+	s.state.updateStateObject(obj1)
+	s.state.updateStateObject(obj2)
 	s.state.Commit()
 
 	// check that dump contains the state objects that are in trie
@@ -115,12 +116,12 @@ func (s *StateSuite) TestSnapshot(c *checker.C) {
 	// set initial state object value
 	s.state.SetState(stateobjaddr, storageaddr, data1)
 	// get snapshot of current state
-	snapshot := s.state.Copy()
+	snapshot := s.state.Snapshot()
 
 	// set new state object value
 	s.state.SetState(stateobjaddr, storageaddr, data2)
 	// restore snapshot
-	s.state.Set(snapshot)
+	s.state.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 
 	// get state storage value
 	res := s.state.GetState(stateobjaddr, storageaddr)
@@ -128,6 +129,12 @@ func (s *StateSuite) TestSnapshot(c *checker.C) {
 	c.Assert(data1, checker.DeepEquals, res)
 }
 
+func TestSnapshotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	state, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db)
+	state.RevertToSnapshot(state.Snapshot())
+}
+
 // use testing instead of checker because checker does not support
 // printing/logging in tests (-check.vv does not work)
 func TestSnapshot2(t *testing.T) {
@@ -146,80 +153,85 @@ func TestSnapshot2(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// db, trie are already non-empty values
 	so0 := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr0)
-	so0.balance = big.NewInt(42)
-	so0.nonce = 43
-	so0.SetCode([]byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e'})
-	so0.remove = true
+	so0.SetBalance(big.NewInt(42))
+	so0.SetNonce(43)
+	so0.SetCode(crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e'}), []byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e'})
+	so0.suicided = false
 	so0.deleted = false
-	so0.dirty = false
-	state.SetStateObject(so0)
+	state.setStateObject(so0)
+
+	root, _ := state.Commit()
+	state.Reset(root)
 
 	// and one with deleted == true
 	so1 := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr1)
-	so1.balance = big.NewInt(52)
-	so1.nonce = 53
-	so1.SetCode([]byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e', '2'})
-	so1.remove = true
+	so1.SetBalance(big.NewInt(52))
+	so1.SetNonce(53)
+	so1.SetCode(crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e', '2'}), []byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e', '2'})
+	so1.suicided = true
 	so1.deleted = true
-	so1.dirty = true
-	state.SetStateObject(so1)
+	state.setStateObject(so1)
 
 	so1 = state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr1)
 	if so1 != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("deleted object not nil when getting")
 	}
 
-	snapshot := state.Copy()
-	state.Set(snapshot)
+	snapshot := state.Snapshot()
+	state.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 
 	so0Restored := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr0)
-	so1Restored := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr1)
+	// Update lazily-loaded values before comparing.
+	so0Restored.GetState(db, storageaddr)
+	so0Restored.Code(db)
 	// non-deleted is equal (restored)
 	compareStateObjects(so0Restored, so0, t)
+
 	// deleted should be nil, both before and after restore of state copy
+	so1Restored := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr1)
 	if so1Restored != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("deleted object not nil after restoring snapshot")
+		t.Fatalf("deleted object not nil after restoring snapshot: %+v", so1Restored)
 	}
 }
 
 func compareStateObjects(so0, so1 *StateObject, t *testing.T) {
-	if so0.address != so1.address {
+	if so0.Address() != so1.Address() {
 		t.Fatalf("Address mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.address, so1.address)
 	}
-	if so0.balance.Cmp(so1.balance) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Balance mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.balance, so1.balance)
+	if so0.Balance().Cmp(so1.Balance()) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Balance mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.Balance(), so1.Balance())
 	}
-	if so0.nonce != so1.nonce {
-		t.Fatalf("Nonce mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.nonce, so1.nonce)
+	if so0.Nonce() != so1.Nonce() {
+		t.Fatalf("Nonce mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.Nonce(), so1.Nonce())
 	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(so0.codeHash, so1.codeHash) {
-		t.Fatalf("CodeHash mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.codeHash, so1.codeHash)
+	if so0.data.Root != so1.data.Root {
+		t.Errorf("Root mismatch: have %x, want %x", so0.data.Root[:], so1.data.Root[:])
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(so0.CodeHash(), so1.CodeHash()) {
+		t.Fatalf("CodeHash mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.CodeHash(), so1.CodeHash())
 	}
 	if !bytes.Equal(so0.code, so1.code) {
 		t.Fatalf("Code mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.code, so1.code)
 	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(so0.initCode, so1.initCode) {
-		t.Fatalf("InitCode mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.initCode, so1.initCode)
-	}
 
-	for k, v := range so1.storage {
-		if so0.storage[k] != v {
-			t.Fatalf("Storage key %s mismatch: have %v, want %v", k, so0.storage[k], v)
+	if len(so1.cachedStorage) != len(so0.cachedStorage) {
+		t.Errorf("Storage size mismatch: have %d, want %d", len(so1.cachedStorage), len(so0.cachedStorage))
+	}
+	for k, v := range so1.cachedStorage {
+		if so0.cachedStorage[k] != v {
+			t.Errorf("Storage key %x mismatch: have %v, want %v", k, so0.cachedStorage[k], v)
 		}
 	}
-	for k, v := range so0.storage {
-		if so1.storage[k] != v {
-			t.Fatalf("Storage key %s mismatch: have %v, want none.", k, v)
+	for k, v := range so0.cachedStorage {
+		if so1.cachedStorage[k] != v {
+			t.Errorf("Storage key %x mismatch: have %v, want none.", k, v)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if so0.remove != so1.remove {
-		t.Fatalf("Remove mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.remove, so1.remove)
+	if so0.suicided != so1.suicided {
+		t.Fatalf("suicided mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.suicided, so1.suicided)
 	}
 	if so0.deleted != so1.deleted {
 		t.Fatalf("Deleted mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.deleted, so1.deleted)
 	}
-	if so0.dirty != so1.dirty {
-		t.Fatalf("Dirty mismatch: have %v, want %v", so0.dirty, so1.dirty)
-	}
 }

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -20,37 +20,68 @@ package state
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
+	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
 )
 
 // The starting nonce determines the default nonce when new accounts are being
 // created.
 var StartingNonce uint64
 
+const (
+	// Number of past tries to keep. The arbitrarily chosen value here
+	// is max uncle depth + 1.
+	maxTrieCacheLength = 8
+
+	// Number of codehash->size associations to keep.
+	codeSizeCacheSize = 100000
+)
+
+type revision struct {
+	id           int
+	journalIndex int
+}
+
 // StateDBs within the ethereum protocol are used to store anything
 // within the merkle trie. StateDBs take care of caching and storing
 // nested states. It's the general query interface to retrieve:
 // * Contracts
 // * Accounts
 type StateDB struct {
-	db   ethdb.Database
-	trie *trie.SecureTrie
+	db            ethdb.Database
+	trie          *trie.SecureTrie
+	pastTries     []*trie.SecureTrie
+	codeSizeCache *lru.Cache
 
-	stateObjects map[string]*StateObject
+	// This map holds 'live' objects, which will get modified while processing a state transition.
+	stateObjects      map[common.Address]*StateObject
+	stateObjectsDirty map[common.Address]struct{}
 
+	// The refund counter, also used by state transitioning.
 	refund *big.Int
 
 	thash, bhash common.Hash
 	txIndex      int
 	logs         map[common.Hash]vm.Logs
 	logSize      uint
+
+	// Journal of state modifications. This is the backbone of
+	// Snapshot and RevertToSnapshot.
+	journal        journal
+	validRevisions []revision
+	nextRevisionId int
+
+	lock sync.Mutex
 }
 
 // Create a new state from a given trie
@@ -59,35 +90,84 @@ func New(root common.Hash, db ethdb.Database) (*StateDB, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	csc, _ := lru.New(codeSizeCacheSize)
 	return &StateDB{
-		db:           db,
-		trie:         tr,
-		stateObjects: make(map[string]*StateObject),
-		refund:       new(big.Int),
-		logs:         make(map[common.Hash]vm.Logs),
+		db:                db,
+		trie:              tr,
+		codeSizeCache:     csc,
+		stateObjects:      make(map[common.Address]*StateObject),
+		stateObjectsDirty: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
+		refund:            new(big.Int),
+		logs:              make(map[common.Hash]vm.Logs),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// New creates a new statedb by reusing any journalled tries to avoid costly
+// disk io.
+func (self *StateDB) New(root common.Hash) (*StateDB, error) {
+	self.lock.Lock()
+	defer self.lock.Unlock()
+
+	tr, err := self.openTrie(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &StateDB{
+		db:                self.db,
+		trie:              tr,
+		codeSizeCache:     self.codeSizeCache,
+		stateObjects:      make(map[common.Address]*StateObject),
+		stateObjectsDirty: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
+		refund:            new(big.Int),
+		logs:              make(map[common.Hash]vm.Logs),
 	}, nil
 }
 
 // Reset clears out all emphemeral state objects from the state db, but keeps
 // the underlying state trie to avoid reloading data for the next operations.
 func (self *StateDB) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
-	var (
-		err error
-		tr  = self.trie
-	)
-	if self.trie.Hash() != root {
-		if tr, err = trie.NewSecure(root, self.db); err != nil {
-			return err
+	self.lock.Lock()
+	defer self.lock.Unlock()
+
+	tr, err := self.openTrie(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	self.trie = tr
+	self.stateObjects = make(map[common.Address]*StateObject)
+	self.stateObjectsDirty = make(map[common.Address]struct{})
+	self.thash = common.Hash{}
+	self.bhash = common.Hash{}
+	self.txIndex = 0
+	self.logs = make(map[common.Hash]vm.Logs)
+	self.logSize = 0
+	self.clearJournalAndRefund()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// openTrie creates a trie. It uses an existing trie if one is available
+// from the journal if available.
+func (self *StateDB) openTrie(root common.Hash) (*trie.SecureTrie, error) {
+	for i := len(self.pastTries) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if self.pastTries[i].Hash() == root {
+			tr := *self.pastTries[i]
+			return &tr, nil
 		}
 	}
-	*self = StateDB{
-		db:           self.db,
-		trie:         tr,
-		stateObjects: make(map[string]*StateObject),
-		refund:       new(big.Int),
-		logs:         make(map[common.Hash]vm.Logs),
+	return trie.NewSecure(root, self.db)
+}
+
+func (self *StateDB) pushTrie(t *trie.SecureTrie) {
+	self.lock.Lock()
+	defer self.lock.Unlock()
+
+	if len(self.pastTries) >= maxTrieCacheLength {
+		copy(self.pastTries, self.pastTries[1:])
+		self.pastTries[len(self.pastTries)-1] = t
+	} else {
+		self.pastTries = append(self.pastTries, t)
 	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 func (self *StateDB) StartRecord(thash, bhash common.Hash, ti int) {
@@ -97,6 +177,8 @@ func (self *StateDB) StartRecord(thash, bhash common.Hash, ti int) {
 }
 
 func (self *StateDB) AddLog(log *vm.Log) {
+	self.journal = append(self.journal, addLogChange{txhash: self.thash})
+
 	log.TxHash = self.thash
 	log.BlockHash = self.bhash
 	log.TxIndex = uint(self.txIndex)
@@ -118,13 +200,12 @@ func (self *StateDB) Logs() vm.Logs {
 }
 
 func (self *StateDB) AddRefund(gas *big.Int) {
+	self.journal = append(self.journal, refundChange{prev: new(big.Int).Set(self.refund)})
 	self.refund.Add(self.refund, gas)
 }
 
-func (self *StateDB) HasAccount(addr common.Address) bool {
-	return self.GetStateObject(addr) != nil
-}
-
+// Exist reports whether the given account address exists in the state.
+// Notably this also returns true for suicided accounts.
 func (self *StateDB) Exist(addr common.Address) bool {
 	return self.GetStateObject(addr) != nil
 }
@@ -137,16 +218,15 @@ func (self *StateDB) GetAccount(addr common.Address) vm.Account {
 func (self *StateDB) GetBalance(addr common.Address) *big.Int {
 	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
-		return stateObject.balance
+		return stateObject.Balance()
 	}
-
 	return common.Big0
 }
 
 func (self *StateDB) GetNonce(addr common.Address) uint64 {
 	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
-		return stateObject.nonce
+		return stateObject.Nonce()
 	}
 
 	return StartingNonce
@@ -155,25 +235,50 @@ func (self *StateDB) GetNonce(addr common.Address) uint64 {
 func (self *StateDB) GetCode(addr common.Address) []byte {
 	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
-		return stateObject.code
+		code := stateObject.Code(self.db)
+		key := common.BytesToHash(stateObject.CodeHash())
+		self.codeSizeCache.Add(key, len(code))
+		return code
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (self *StateDB) GetCodeSize(addr common.Address) int {
+	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
+	if stateObject == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	key := common.BytesToHash(stateObject.CodeHash())
+	if cached, ok := self.codeSizeCache.Get(key); ok {
+		return cached.(int)
+	}
+	size := len(stateObject.Code(self.db))
+	if stateObject.dbErr == nil {
+		self.codeSizeCache.Add(key, size)
+	}
+	return size
+}
+
+func (self *StateDB) GetCodeHash(addr common.Address) common.Hash {
+	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
+	if stateObject == nil {
+		return common.Hash{}
+	}
+	return common.BytesToHash(stateObject.CodeHash())
+}
+
 func (self *StateDB) GetState(a common.Address, b common.Hash) common.Hash {
 	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(a)
 	if stateObject != nil {
-		return stateObject.GetState(b)
+		return stateObject.GetState(self.db, b)
 	}
-
 	return common.Hash{}
 }
 
-func (self *StateDB) IsDeleted(addr common.Address) bool {
+func (self *StateDB) HasSuicided(addr common.Address) bool {
 	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
-		return stateObject.remove
+		return stateObject.suicided
 	}
 	return false
 }
@@ -189,6 +294,13 @@ func (self *StateDB) AddBalance(addr common.Address, amount *big.Int) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (self *StateDB) SetBalance(addr common.Address, amount *big.Int) {
+	stateObject := self.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
+	if stateObject != nil {
+		stateObject.SetBalance(amount)
+	}
+}
+
 func (self *StateDB) SetNonce(addr common.Address, nonce uint64) {
 	stateObject := self.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
@@ -199,35 +311,43 @@ func (self *StateDB) SetNonce(addr common.Address, nonce uint64) {
 func (self *StateDB) SetCode(addr common.Address, code []byte) {
 	stateObject := self.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
-		stateObject.SetCode(code)
+		stateObject.SetCode(crypto.Keccak256Hash(code), code)
 	}
 }
 
 func (self *StateDB) SetState(addr common.Address, key common.Hash, value common.Hash) {
 	stateObject := self.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
-		stateObject.SetState(key, value)
+		stateObject.SetState(self.db, key, value)
 	}
 }
 
-func (self *StateDB) Delete(addr common.Address) bool {
+// Suicide marks the given account as suicided.
+// This clears the account balance.
+//
+// The account's state object is still available until the state is committed,
+// GetStateObject will return a non-nil account after Suicide.
+func (self *StateDB) Suicide(addr common.Address) bool {
 	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
-	if stateObject != nil {
-		stateObject.MarkForDeletion()
-		stateObject.balance = new(big.Int)
-
-		return true
+	if stateObject == nil {
+		return false
 	}
-
-	return false
+	self.journal = append(self.journal, suicideChange{
+		account:     &addr,
+		prev:        stateObject.suicided,
+		prevbalance: new(big.Int).Set(stateObject.Balance()),
+	})
+	stateObject.markSuicided()
+	stateObject.data.Balance = new(big.Int)
+	return true
 }
 
 //
 // Setting, updating & deleting state object methods
 //
 
-// Update the given state object and apply it to state trie
-func (self *StateDB) UpdateStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
+// updateStateObject writes the given object to the trie.
+func (self *StateDB) updateStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
 	addr := stateObject.Address()
 	data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(stateObject)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -236,117 +356,156 @@ func (self *StateDB) UpdateStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
 	self.trie.Update(addr[:], data)
 }
 
-// Delete the given state object and delete it from the state trie
-func (self *StateDB) DeleteStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
+// deleteStateObject removes the given object from the state trie.
+func (self *StateDB) deleteStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
 	stateObject.deleted = true
-
 	addr := stateObject.Address()
 	self.trie.Delete(addr[:])
-	//delete(self.stateObjects, addr.Str())
 }
 
-// Retrieve a state object given my the address. Nil if not found
+// Retrieve a state object given my the address. Returns nil if not found.
 func (self *StateDB) GetStateObject(addr common.Address) (stateObject *StateObject) {
-	stateObject = self.stateObjects[addr.Str()]
-	if stateObject != nil {
-		if stateObject.deleted {
-			stateObject = nil
+	// Prefer 'live' objects.
+	if obj := self.stateObjects[addr]; obj != nil {
+		if obj.deleted {
+			return nil
 		}
-
-		return stateObject
+		return obj
 	}
 
-	data := self.trie.Get(addr[:])
-	if len(data) == 0 {
+	// Load the object from the database.
+	enc := self.trie.Get(addr[:])
+	if len(enc) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	stateObject, err := DecodeObject(addr, self.db, data)
-	if err != nil {
+	var data Account
+	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(enc, &data); err != nil {
 		glog.Errorf("can't decode object at %x: %v", addr[:], err)
 		return nil
 	}
-	self.SetStateObject(stateObject)
-	return stateObject
+	// Insert into the live set.
+	obj := newObject(self, addr, data, self.MarkStateObjectDirty)
+	self.setStateObject(obj)
+	return obj
 }
 
-func (self *StateDB) SetStateObject(object *StateObject) {
-	self.stateObjects[object.Address().Str()] = object
+func (self *StateDB) setStateObject(object *StateObject) {
+	self.stateObjects[object.Address()] = object
 }
 
 // Retrieve a state object or create a new state object if nil
 func (self *StateDB) GetOrNewStateObject(addr common.Address) *StateObject {
 	stateObject := self.GetStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject == nil || stateObject.deleted {
-		stateObject = self.CreateStateObject(addr)
+		stateObject, _ = self.createObject(addr)
 	}
-
 	return stateObject
 }
 
-// NewStateObject create a state object whether it exist in the trie or not
-func (self *StateDB) newStateObject(addr common.Address) *StateObject {
-	if glog.V(logger.Core) {
-		glog.Infof("(+) %x\n", addr)
-	}
-
-	stateObject := NewStateObject(addr, self.db)
-	stateObject.SetNonce(StartingNonce)
-	self.stateObjects[addr.Str()] = stateObject
-
-	return stateObject
+// MarkStateObjectDirty adds the specified object to the dirty map to avoid costly
+// state object cache iteration to find a handful of modified ones.
+func (self *StateDB) MarkStateObjectDirty(addr common.Address) {
+	self.stateObjectsDirty[addr] = struct{}{}
 }
 
-// Creates creates a new state object and takes ownership. This is different from "NewStateObject"
-func (self *StateDB) CreateStateObject(addr common.Address) *StateObject {
-	// Get previous (if any)
-	so := self.GetStateObject(addr)
-	// Create a new one
-	newSo := self.newStateObject(addr)
-
-	// If it existed set the balance to the new account
-	if so != nil {
-		newSo.balance = so.balance
+// createObject creates a new state object. If there is an existing account with
+// the given address, it is overwritten and returned as the second return value.
+func (self *StateDB) createObject(addr common.Address) (newobj, prev *StateObject) {
+	prev = self.GetStateObject(addr)
+	newobj = newObject(self, addr, Account{}, self.MarkStateObjectDirty)
+	newobj.setNonce(StartingNonce) // sets the object to dirty
+	if prev == nil {
+		if glog.V(logger.Core) {
+			glog.Infof("(+) %x\n", addr)
+		}
+		self.journal = append(self.journal, createObjectChange{account: &addr})
+	} else {
+		self.journal = append(self.journal, resetObjectChange{prev: prev})
 	}
-
-	return newSo
+	self.setStateObject(newobj)
+	return newobj, prev
 }
 
+// CreateAccount explicitly creates a state object. If a state object with the address
+// already exists the balance is carried over to the new account.
+//
+// CreateAccount is called during the EVM CREATE operation. The situation might arise that
+// a contract does the following:
+//
+//   1. sends funds to sha(account ++ (nonce + 1))
+//   2. tx_create(sha(account ++ nonce)) (note that this gets the address of 1)
+//
+// Carrying over the balance ensures that Ether doesn't disappear.
 func (self *StateDB) CreateAccount(addr common.Address) vm.Account {
-	return self.CreateStateObject(addr)
+	new, prev := self.createObject(addr)
+	if prev != nil {
+		new.setBalance(prev.data.Balance)
+	}
+	return new
 }
 
-//
-// Setting, copying of the state methods
-//
-
+// Copy creates a deep, independent copy of the state.
+// Snapshots of the copied state cannot be applied to the copy.
 func (self *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
-	// ignore error - we assume state-to-be-copied always exists
-	state, _ := New(common.Hash{}, self.db)
-	state.trie = self.trie
-	for k, stateObject := range self.stateObjects {
-		state.stateObjects[k] = stateObject.Copy()
+	self.lock.Lock()
+	defer self.lock.Unlock()
+
+	// Copy all the basic fields, initialize the memory ones
+	state := &StateDB{
+		db:                self.db,
+		trie:              self.trie,
+		pastTries:         self.pastTries,
+		codeSizeCache:     self.codeSizeCache,
+		stateObjects:      make(map[common.Address]*StateObject, len(self.stateObjectsDirty)),
+		stateObjectsDirty: make(map[common.Address]struct{}, len(self.stateObjectsDirty)),
+		refund:            new(big.Int).Set(self.refund),
+		logs:              make(map[common.Hash]vm.Logs, len(self.logs)),
+		logSize:           self.logSize,
+	}
+	// Copy the dirty states and logs
+	for addr, _ := range self.stateObjectsDirty {
+		state.stateObjects[addr] = self.stateObjects[addr].deepCopy(state, state.MarkStateObjectDirty)
+		state.stateObjectsDirty[addr] = struct{}{}
 	}
-
-	state.refund.Set(self.refund)
-
 	for hash, logs := range self.logs {
 		state.logs[hash] = make(vm.Logs, len(logs))
 		copy(state.logs[hash], logs)
 	}
-	state.logSize = self.logSize
-
 	return state
 }
 
-func (self *StateDB) Set(state *StateDB) {
-	self.trie = state.trie
-	self.stateObjects = state.stateObjects
-
-	self.refund = state.refund
-	self.logs = state.logs
-	self.logSize = state.logSize
+// Snapshot returns an identifier for the current revision of the state.
+func (self *StateDB) Snapshot() int {
+	id := self.nextRevisionId
+	self.nextRevisionId++
+	self.validRevisions = append(self.validRevisions, revision{id, len(self.journal)})
+	return id
 }
 
+// RevertToSnapshot reverts all state changes made since the given revision.
+func (self *StateDB) RevertToSnapshot(revid int) {
+	// Find the snapshot in the stack of valid snapshots.
+	idx := sort.Search(len(self.validRevisions), func(i int) bool {
+		return self.validRevisions[i].id >= revid
+	})
+	if idx == len(self.validRevisions) || self.validRevisions[idx].id != revid {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("revision id %v cannot be reverted", revid))
+	}
+	snapshot := self.validRevisions[idx].journalIndex
+
+	// Replay the journal to undo changes.
+	for i := len(self.journal) - 1; i >= snapshot; i-- {
+		self.journal[i].undo(self)
+	}
+	self.journal = self.journal[:snapshot]
+
+	// Remove invalidated snapshots from the stack.
+	self.validRevisions = self.validRevisions[:idx]
+}
+
+// GetRefund returns the current value of the refund counter.
+// The return value must not be modified by the caller and will become
+// invalid at the next call to AddRefund.
 func (self *StateDB) GetRefund() *big.Int {
 	return self.refund
 }
@@ -355,21 +514,41 @@ func (self *StateDB) GetRefund() *big.Int {
 // It is called in between transactions to get the root hash that
 // goes into transaction receipts.
 func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot() common.Hash {
-	s.refund = new(big.Int)
-	for _, stateObject := range s.stateObjects {
-		if stateObject.dirty {
-			if stateObject.remove {
-				s.DeleteStateObject(stateObject)
-			} else {
-				stateObject.Update()
-				s.UpdateStateObject(stateObject)
-			}
-			stateObject.dirty = false
+	for addr, _ := range s.stateObjectsDirty {
+		stateObject := s.stateObjects[addr]
+		if stateObject.suicided {
+			s.deleteStateObject(stateObject)
+		} else {
+			stateObject.updateRoot(s.db)
+			s.updateStateObject(stateObject)
 		}
 	}
+	// Invalidate journal because reverting across transactions is not allowed.
+	s.clearJournalAndRefund()
 	return s.trie.Hash()
 }
 
+// DeleteSuicides flags the suicided objects for deletion so that it
+// won't be referenced again when called / queried up on.
+//
+// DeleteSuicides should not be used for consensus related updates
+// under any circumstances.
+func (s *StateDB) DeleteSuicides() {
+	// Reset refund so that any used-gas calculations can use this method.
+	s.clearJournalAndRefund()
+
+	for addr, _ := range s.stateObjectsDirty {
+		stateObject := s.stateObjects[addr]
+
+		// If the object has been removed by a suicide
+		// flag the object as deleted.
+		if stateObject.suicided {
+			stateObject.deleted = true
+		}
+		delete(s.stateObjectsDirty, addr)
+	}
+}
+
 // Commit commits all state changes to the database.
 func (s *StateDB) Commit() (root common.Hash, err error) {
 	root, batch := s.CommitBatch()
@@ -385,46 +564,42 @@ func (s *StateDB) CommitBatch() (root common.Hash, batch ethdb.Batch) {
 	return root, batch
 }
 
-func (s *StateDB) commit(db trie.DatabaseWriter) (common.Hash, error) {
+func (s *StateDB) clearJournalAndRefund() {
+	s.journal = nil
+	s.validRevisions = s.validRevisions[:0]
 	s.refund = new(big.Int)
+}
 
-	for _, stateObject := range s.stateObjects {
-		if stateObject.remove {
+func (s *StateDB) commit(dbw trie.DatabaseWriter) (root common.Hash, err error) {
+	defer s.clearJournalAndRefund()
+
+	// Commit objects to the trie.
+	for addr, stateObject := range s.stateObjects {
+		if stateObject.suicided {
 			// If the object has been removed, don't bother syncing it
 			// and just mark it for deletion in the trie.
-			s.DeleteStateObject(stateObject)
-		} else {
+			s.deleteStateObject(stateObject)
+		} else if _, ok := s.stateObjectsDirty[addr]; ok {
 			// Write any contract code associated with the state object
-			if len(stateObject.code) > 0 {
-				if err := db.Put(stateObject.codeHash, stateObject.code); err != nil {
+			if stateObject.code != nil && stateObject.dirtyCode {
+				if err := dbw.Put(stateObject.CodeHash(), stateObject.code); err != nil {
 					return common.Hash{}, err
 				}
+				stateObject.dirtyCode = false
 			}
-			// Write any storage changes in the state object to its trie.
-			stateObject.Update()
-
-			// Commit the trie of the object to the batch.
-			// This updates the trie root internally, so
-			// getting the root hash of the storage trie
-			// through UpdateStateObject is fast.
-			if _, err := stateObject.trie.CommitTo(db); err != nil {
+			// Write any storage changes in the state object to its storage trie.
+			if err := stateObject.CommitTrie(s.db, dbw); err != nil {
 				return common.Hash{}, err
 			}
-			// Update the object in the account trie.
-			s.UpdateStateObject(stateObject)
+			// Update the object in the main account trie.
+			s.updateStateObject(stateObject)
 		}
-		stateObject.dirty = false
+		delete(s.stateObjectsDirty, addr)
 	}
-	return s.trie.CommitTo(db)
-}
-
-func (self *StateDB) Refunds() *big.Int {
-	return self.refund
-}
-
-// Debug stuff
-func (self *StateDB) CreateOutputForDiff() {
-	for _, stateObject := range self.stateObjects {
-		stateObject.CreateOutputForDiff()
+	// Write trie changes.
+	root, err = s.trie.CommitTo(dbw)
+	if err == nil {
+		s.pushTrie(s.trie)
 	}
+	return root, err
 }

core/state/statedb_test.go

@@ -17,10 +17,19 @@
 package state
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"math/big"
+	"math/rand"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/quick"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 )
 
@@ -33,16 +42,16 @@ func TestUpdateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Update it with some accounts
 	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
-		obj := state.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))
-		obj.AddBalance(big.NewInt(int64(11 * i)))
-		obj.SetNonce(uint64(42 * i))
+		addr := common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i})
+		state.AddBalance(addr, big.NewInt(int64(11*i)))
+		state.SetNonce(addr, uint64(42*i))
 		if i%2 == 0 {
-			obj.SetState(common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i}), common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, i}))
+			state.SetState(addr, common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i}), common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, i}))
 		}
 		if i%3 == 0 {
-			obj.SetCode([]byte{i, i, i, i, i})
+			state.SetCode(addr, []byte{i, i, i, i, i})
 		}
-		state.UpdateStateObject(obj)
+		state.IntermediateRoot()
 	}
 	// Ensure that no data was leaked into the database
 	for _, key := range db.Keys() {
@@ -60,51 +69,38 @@ func TestIntermediateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 	transState, _ := New(common.Hash{}, transDb)
 	finalState, _ := New(common.Hash{}, finalDb)
 
-	// Update the states with some objects
-	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
-		// Create a new state object with some data into the transition database
-		obj := transState.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))
-		obj.SetBalance(big.NewInt(int64(11 * i)))
-		obj.SetNonce(uint64(42 * i))
+	modify := func(state *StateDB, addr common.Address, i, tweak byte) {
+		state.SetBalance(addr, big.NewInt(int64(11*i)+int64(tweak)))
+		state.SetNonce(addr, uint64(42*i+tweak))
 		if i%2 == 0 {
-			obj.SetState(common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, 0}), common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, i, 0}))
+			state.SetState(addr, common.Hash{i, i, i, 0}, common.Hash{})
+			state.SetState(addr, common.Hash{i, i, i, tweak}, common.Hash{i, i, i, i, tweak})
 		}
 		if i%3 == 0 {
-			obj.SetCode([]byte{i, i, i, i, i, 0})
+			state.SetCode(addr, []byte{i, i, i, i, i, tweak})
 		}
-		transState.UpdateStateObject(obj)
-
-		// Overwrite all the data with new values in the transition database
-		obj.SetBalance(big.NewInt(int64(11*i + 1)))
-		obj.SetNonce(uint64(42*i + 1))
-		if i%2 == 0 {
-			obj.SetState(common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, 0}), common.Hash{})
-			obj.SetState(common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, 1}), common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, i, 1}))
-		}
-		if i%3 == 0 {
-			obj.SetCode([]byte{i, i, i, i, i, 1})
-		}
-		transState.UpdateStateObject(obj)
-
-		// Create the final state object directly in the final database
-		obj = finalState.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))
-		obj.SetBalance(big.NewInt(int64(11*i + 1)))
-		obj.SetNonce(uint64(42*i + 1))
-		if i%2 == 0 {
-			obj.SetState(common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, 1}), common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, i, 1}))
-		}
-		if i%3 == 0 {
-			obj.SetCode([]byte{i, i, i, i, i, 1})
-		}
-		finalState.UpdateStateObject(obj)
 	}
+
+	// Modify the transient state.
+	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
+		modify(transState, common.Address{byte(i)}, i, 0)
+	}
+	// Write modifications to trie.
+	transState.IntermediateRoot()
+
+	// Overwrite all the data with new values in the transient database.
+	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
+		modify(transState, common.Address{byte(i)}, i, 99)
+		modify(finalState, common.Address{byte(i)}, i, 99)
+	}
+
+	// Commit and cross check the databases.
 	if _, err := transState.Commit(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to commit transition state: %v", err)
 	}
 	if _, err := finalState.Commit(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to commit final state: %v", err)
 	}
-	// Cross check the databases to ensure they are the same
 	for _, key := range finalDb.Keys() {
 		if _, err := transDb.Get(key); err != nil {
 			val, _ := finalDb.Get(key)
@@ -118,3 +114,243 @@ func TestIntermediateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSnapshotRandom(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &quick.Config{MaxCount: 1000}
+	err := quick.Check((*snapshotTest).run, config)
+	if cerr, ok := err.(*quick.CheckError); ok {
+		test := cerr.In[0].(*snapshotTest)
+		t.Errorf("%v:\n%s", test.err, test)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A snapshotTest checks that reverting StateDB snapshots properly undoes all changes
+// captured by the snapshot. Instances of this test with pseudorandom content are created
+// by Generate.
+//
+// The test works as follows:
+//
+// A new state is created and all actions are applied to it. Several snapshots are taken
+// in between actions. The test then reverts each snapshot. For each snapshot the actions
+// leading up to it are replayed on a fresh, empty state. The behaviour of all public
+// accessor methods on the reverted state must match the return value of the equivalent
+// methods on the replayed state.
+type snapshotTest struct {
+	addrs     []common.Address // all account addresses
+	actions   []testAction     // modifications to the state
+	snapshots []int            // actions indexes at which snapshot is taken
+	err       error            // failure details are reported through this field
+}
+
+type testAction struct {
+	name   string
+	fn     func(testAction, *StateDB)
+	args   []int64
+	noAddr bool
+}
+
+// newTestAction creates a random action that changes state.
+func newTestAction(addr common.Address, r *rand.Rand) testAction {
+	actions := []testAction{
+		{
+			name: "SetBalance",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				s.SetBalance(addr, big.NewInt(a.args[0]))
+			},
+			args: make([]int64, 1),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "AddBalance",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				s.AddBalance(addr, big.NewInt(a.args[0]))
+			},
+			args: make([]int64, 1),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "SetNonce",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				s.SetNonce(addr, uint64(a.args[0]))
+			},
+			args: make([]int64, 1),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "SetState",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				var key, val common.Hash
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(key[:], uint16(a.args[0]))
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(val[:], uint16(a.args[1]))
+				s.SetState(addr, key, val)
+			},
+			args: make([]int64, 2),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "SetCode",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				code := make([]byte, 16)
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(code, uint64(a.args[0]))
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(code[8:], uint64(a.args[1]))
+				s.SetCode(addr, code)
+			},
+			args: make([]int64, 2),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "CreateAccount",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				s.CreateAccount(addr)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Suicide",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				s.Suicide(addr)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "AddRefund",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				s.AddRefund(big.NewInt(a.args[0]))
+			},
+			args:   make([]int64, 1),
+			noAddr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "AddLog",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				data := make([]byte, 2)
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(data, uint16(a.args[0]))
+				s.AddLog(&vm.Log{Address: addr, Data: data})
+			},
+			args: make([]int64, 1),
+		},
+	}
+	action := actions[r.Intn(len(actions))]
+	var nameargs []string
+	if !action.noAddr {
+		nameargs = append(nameargs, addr.Hex())
+	}
+	for _, i := range action.args {
+		action.args[i] = rand.Int63n(100)
+		nameargs = append(nameargs, fmt.Sprint(action.args[i]))
+	}
+	action.name += strings.Join(nameargs, ", ")
+	return action
+}
+
+// Generate returns a new snapshot test of the given size. All randomness is
+// derived from r.
+func (*snapshotTest) Generate(r *rand.Rand, size int) reflect.Value {
+	// Generate random actions.
+	addrs := make([]common.Address, 50)
+	for i := range addrs {
+		addrs[i][0] = byte(i)
+	}
+	actions := make([]testAction, size)
+	for i := range actions {
+		addr := addrs[r.Intn(len(addrs))]
+		actions[i] = newTestAction(addr, r)
+	}
+	// Generate snapshot indexes.
+	nsnapshots := int(math.Sqrt(float64(size)))
+	if size > 0 && nsnapshots == 0 {
+		nsnapshots = 1
+	}
+	snapshots := make([]int, nsnapshots)
+	snaplen := len(actions) / nsnapshots
+	for i := range snapshots {
+		// Try to place the snapshots some number of actions apart from each other.
+		snapshots[i] = (i * snaplen) + r.Intn(snaplen)
+	}
+	return reflect.ValueOf(&snapshotTest{addrs, actions, snapshots, nil})
+}
+
+func (test *snapshotTest) String() string {
+	out := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	sindex := 0
+	for i, action := range test.actions {
+		if len(test.snapshots) > sindex && i == test.snapshots[sindex] {
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "---- snapshot %d ----\n", sindex)
+			sindex++
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%4d: %s\n", i, action.name)
+	}
+	return out.String()
+}
+
+func (test *snapshotTest) run() bool {
+	// Run all actions and create snapshots.
+	var (
+		db, _        = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+		state, _     = New(common.Hash{}, db)
+		snapshotRevs = make([]int, len(test.snapshots))
+		sindex       = 0
+	)
+	for i, action := range test.actions {
+		if len(test.snapshots) > sindex && i == test.snapshots[sindex] {
+			snapshotRevs[sindex] = state.Snapshot()
+			sindex++
+		}
+		action.fn(action, state)
+	}
+
+	// Revert all snapshots in reverse order. Each revert must yield a state
+	// that is equivalent to fresh state with all actions up the snapshot applied.
+	for sindex--; sindex >= 0; sindex-- {
+		checkstate, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db)
+		for _, action := range test.actions[:test.snapshots[sindex]] {
+			action.fn(action, checkstate)
+		}
+		state.RevertToSnapshot(snapshotRevs[sindex])
+		if err := test.checkEqual(state, checkstate); err != nil {
+			test.err = fmt.Errorf("state mismatch after revert to snapshot %d\n%v", sindex, err)
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// checkEqual checks that methods of state and checkstate return the same values.
+func (test *snapshotTest) checkEqual(state, checkstate *StateDB) error {
+	for _, addr := range test.addrs {
+		var err error
+		checkeq := func(op string, a, b interface{}) bool {
+			if err == nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(a, b) {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("got %s(%s) == %v, want %v", op, addr.Hex(), a, b)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+		// Check basic accessor methods.
+		checkeq("Exist", state.Exist(addr), checkstate.Exist(addr))
+		checkeq("HasSuicided", state.HasSuicided(addr), checkstate.HasSuicided(addr))
+		checkeq("GetBalance", state.GetBalance(addr), checkstate.GetBalance(addr))
+		checkeq("GetNonce", state.GetNonce(addr), checkstate.GetNonce(addr))
+		checkeq("GetCode", state.GetCode(addr), checkstate.GetCode(addr))
+		checkeq("GetCodeHash", state.GetCodeHash(addr), checkstate.GetCodeHash(addr))
+		checkeq("GetCodeSize", state.GetCodeSize(addr), checkstate.GetCodeSize(addr))
+		// Check storage.
+		if obj := state.GetStateObject(addr); obj != nil {
+			obj.ForEachStorage(func(key, val common.Hash) bool {
+				return checkeq("GetState("+key.Hex()+")", val, checkstate.GetState(addr, key))
+			})
+			checkobj := checkstate.GetStateObject(addr)
+			checkobj.ForEachStorage(func(key, checkval common.Hash) bool {
+				return checkeq("GetState("+key.Hex()+")", state.GetState(addr, key), checkval)
+			})
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if state.GetRefund().Cmp(checkstate.GetRefund()) != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("got GetRefund() == %d, want GetRefund() == %d",
+			state.GetRefund(), checkstate.GetRefund())
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(state.GetLogs(common.Hash{}), checkstate.GetLogs(common.Hash{})) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("got GetLogs(common.Hash{}) == %v, want GetLogs(common.Hash{}) == %v",
+			state.GetLogs(common.Hash{}), checkstate.GetLogs(common.Hash{}))
+	}
+	return nil
+}

core/state/sync_test.go

@@ -54,17 +54,14 @@ func makeTestState() (ethdb.Database, common.Hash, []*testAccount) {
 		acc.nonce = uint64(42 * i)
 
 		if i%3 == 0 {
-			obj.SetCode([]byte{i, i, i, i, i})
+			obj.SetCode(crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte{i, i, i, i, i}), []byte{i, i, i, i, i})
 			acc.code = []byte{i, i, i, i, i}
 		}
-		state.UpdateStateObject(obj)
+		state.updateStateObject(obj)
 		accounts = append(accounts, acc)
 	}
 	root, _ := state.Commit()
 
-	// Remove any potentially cached data from the test state creation
-	trie.ClearGlobalCache()
-
 	// Return the generated state
 	return db, root, accounts
 }
@@ -72,9 +69,6 @@ func makeTestState() (ethdb.Database, common.Hash, []*testAccount) {
 // checkStateAccounts cross references a reconstructed state with an expected
 // account array.
 func checkStateAccounts(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, root common.Hash, accounts []*testAccount) {
-	// Remove any potentially cached data from the state synchronisation
-	trie.ClearGlobalCache()
-
 	// Check root availability and state contents
 	state, err := New(root, db)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -98,9 +92,6 @@ func checkStateAccounts(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, root common.Hash, accou
 
 // checkStateConsistency checks that all nodes in a state trie are indeed present.
 func checkStateConsistency(db ethdb.Database, root common.Hash) error {
-	// Remove any potentially cached data from the test state creation or previous checks
-	trie.ClearGlobalCache()
-
 	// Create and iterate a state trie rooted in a sub-node
 	if _, err := db.Get(root.Bytes()); err != nil {
 		return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent

core/state_processor.go

@@ -65,7 +65,11 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 		allLogs      vm.Logs
 		gp           = new(GasPool).AddGas(block.GasLimit())
 	)
-
+	// Mutate the the block and state according to any hard-fork specs
+	if p.config.DAOForkSupport && p.config.DAOForkBlock != nil && p.config.DAOForkBlock.Cmp(block.Number()) == 0 {
+		ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb)
+	}
+	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
 		receipt, logs, _, err := ApplyTransaction(p.config, p.bc, gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, cfg)