Introduce `SmtProof` (#270)
* add conversion for `SmtLeaf`
* introduce `SmtProof` scaffolding
* implement `verify_membership()`
* SmtLeaf: knows its index
* `SmtLeaf::index`
* `SmtLeaf::get_value()` returns an Option
* fix `verify_membership()`
* impl `SmtProof::get`
* impl `into_parts()`
* `SmtProof::compute_root`
* use `SmtProof` in `Smt::open`
* `SmtLeaf` constructors
* Vec
* impl `Error` for `SmtLeafError`
* fix std Error
* move Word/Digest conversions to LeafIndex
* `SmtProof::new()` returns an error
* `SparseMerkleTree::path_and_leaf_to_opening`
* `SmtLeaf`: serializable/deserializable
* `SmtProof`: serializable/deserializable
* add tests for SmtLeaf serialization
* move `SmtLeaf` to submodule
* use constructors internally
* fix docs
* Add `Vec`
* add `Vec` to tests
* no_std use statements
* fmt
* `Errors`: make heading
* use `SMT_DEPTH`
* SmtLeaf single case: check leaf index
* Multiple case: check consistency with leaf index
* use `pub(super)` instead of `pub(crate)`
* use `pub(super)`
* `SmtLeaf`: add `num_entries()` accessor
* Fix `SmtLeaf` serialization
* improve leaf serialization tests
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