arnaucube
arnaucube/plonky2-crypto-gadgetsPublic Self-hosted repository
Implement native AES block encryption & key_expansion algorithms

* implement key_expansion algorithm
* implement AES block encryption for variable configuration (ie.
  AES-128, AES-196, AES-256, etc)
* add tests using test-vectors from the specification
(all rust native, no circuits)
arnaucube git@arnaucube.com
Mon, 09 Feb 2026 20:52:26 +0000
commit

eeef53bdb23e5271755a98b990659e8e2e63dd65

7 files changed, 957 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

jump to
A .gitignore

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+/target +Cargo.lock
A Cargo.toml

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+[package] +name = "plonky2-aes" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2024" + +[dependencies] + +[dev-dependencies]
A LICENSE

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A README.md

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+# plonky2-aes +Plonky2 circuits for AES encryption system as described at https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.197-upd1.pdf .
A src/constants.rs

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+//! For LICENSE check out https://github.com/0xPARC/plonky2-aes/blob/main/LICENSE +//! +//! Constants for the implementation of AES following the specification from +//! https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.197-upd1.pdf. + +/// table 4, page 14 +pub(crate) const SBOX: [u8; 256] = [ + // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f + 0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, + 0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, + 0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, + 0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, + 0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, + 0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, + 0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8, + 0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, + 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73, + 0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, + 0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79, + 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, + 0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, + 0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, + 0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, + 0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16, +]; + +/// Rcon table, section 5.2 +pub(crate) const RCON: [u8; 11] = [ + // padding of 1 0x00, to match spec's index starting at `1` + 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1B, 0x36, +];
A src/lib.rs

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+//! For LICENSE check out https://github.com/0xPARC/plonky2-aes/blob/main/LICENSE +#![allow(incomplete_features)] +#![feature(generic_const_exprs)] +#![allow(dead_code)] // TMP + +mod constants; +mod native;
A src/native.rs

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+//! For LICENSE check out https://github.com/0xPARC/plonky2-aes/blob/main/LICENSE +//! +//! Rust native implementation of +//! [AES](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.197-upd1.pdf) having +//! in mind the approach that will be done in-circuit; this means that it is not +//! written in the most rust idiomatic way, but simulating the behavior that we +//! will do later inside the circuit. + +use crate::constants::{RCON, SBOX}; + +type State = [[u8; 4]; 4]; + +fn flatten_state(s: State) -> [u8; 16] { + let mut r = [0u8; 16]; + for i in 0..4 { + for j in 0..4 { + r[i * 4 + j] = s[i][j]; + } + } + r +} + +/// encrypts an AES block (16 bytes). NR determines the number of rounds, +/// where AES-128: NR=10, AES-196: NR=12, AES-256: NR=14. +fn encrypt_block<const NR: usize>(input: &[u8; 16], w: &[[u8; 4]; 4 * (NR + 1)]) -> State { + assert_eq!(4 * (NR + 1), w.len()); + + let mut s: State = [[0; 4]; 4]; + for i in 0..4 { + for j in 0..4 { + s[i][j] = input[i + 4 * j]; + } + } + + s = add_round_key(s, &w[0..4]); + + for round in 1..NR { + s = sub_bytes(s); + s = shift_rows(s); + s = mix_columns(s); + s = add_round_key(s, &w[4 * round..4 * round + 4]); + } + + s = sub_bytes(s); + s = shift_rows(s); + s = add_round_key(s, &w[4 * NR..4 * NR + 4]); + + s +} + +fn sub_bytes(s: State) -> State { + let mut r = [[0u8; 4]; 4]; + for i in 0..4 { + for j in 0..4 { + r[i][j] = SBOX[s[i][j] as usize]; + } + } + r +} + +fn shift_rows(s: State) -> State { + let mut r = [[0u8; 4]; 4]; + for i in 0..4 { + for j in 0..4 { + r[i][j] = s[i][(i + j) % 4]; + } + } + r +} + +fn mix_columns(s: State) -> State { + let mut r = [[0u8; 4]; 4]; + for c in 0..4 { + r[0][c] = gf_2_8_mul(0x02, s[0][c]) ^ gf_2_8_mul(0x03, s[1][c]) ^ s[2][c] ^ s[3][c]; + r[1][c] = s[0][c] ^ gf_2_8_mul(0x02, s[1][c]) ^ gf_2_8_mul(0x03, s[2][c]) ^ s[3][c]; + r[2][c] = s[0][c] ^ s[1][c] ^ gf_2_8_mul(0x02, s[2][c]) ^ gf_2_8_mul(0x03, s[3][c]); + r[3][c] = gf_2_8_mul(0x03, s[0][c]) ^ s[1][c] ^ s[2][c] ^ gf_2_8_mul(0x02, s[3][c]); + } + r +} + +/// multiplication in GF(2^8), section 4.2 +fn gf_2_8_mul(a_raw: u8, b_raw: u8) -> u8 { + let mut r = 0u8; + let mut a = a_raw; + let mut b = b_raw; + for _ in 0..8 { + if b & 1 == 1 { + r ^= a + } + let high_bit = a & 0x80; + a <<= 1; + if high_bit == 0x80 { + a ^= 0x1b; // ^0x1b = reduce mod m(x) = x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1 + } + b >>= 1; + } + r +} + +fn add_round_key(s: State, key: &[[u8; 4]]) -> State { + assert_eq!(key.len(), 4); // ensures that key: [[u8;4]; 4] + let mut r: [[u8; 4]; 4] = [[0; 4]; 4]; + for i in 0..4 { + for j in 0..4 { + r[i][j] = s[i][j] ^ key[j][i]; + } + } + r +} + +fn key_expansion<const NK: usize, const NB: usize, const NR: usize>( + key: &[u8; NK * NB], +) -> [[u8; 4]; 4 * (NR + 1)] +where + [(); 4 * (NR + 1)]:, + [(); 4 * 4 * (NR + 1)]:, +{ + let mut w = [[0u8; 4]; 4 * (NR + 1)]; // expanded key + + for i in 0..NK { + w[i].clone_from_slice(&key[i * 4..i * 4 + 4]); + } + + for i in NK..4 * (NR + 1) { + let mut temp = w[i - 1]; + if i % NK == 0 { + let rcon: [u8; 4] = [RCON[i / NK], 0, 0, 0]; + temp = xor_words(sub_word(rot_word(temp)), rcon); + } else if NK > 6 && i % NK == 4 { + temp = sub_word(temp); + } + w[i] = xor_words(w[i - NK], temp); + } + w +} + +fn rot_word(w: [u8; 4]) -> [u8; 4] { + let mut r = [0u8; 4]; + (r[0], r[1], r[2], r[3]) = (w[1], w[2], w[3], w[0]); + r +} +fn sub_word(w: [u8; 4]) -> [u8; 4] { + let mut r = [0u8; 4]; + for i in 0..4 { + r[i] = SBOX[w[i] as usize]; + } + r +} +fn xor_words(w1: [u8; 4], w2: [u8; 4]) -> [u8; 4] { + let mut r = [0u8; 4]; + for i in 0..4 { + r[i] = w1[i] ^ w2[i]; + } + r +} + +#[cfg(test)] +mod tests { + use super::*; + + /// test against test vectors from Appendix A + #[test] + fn test_key_expansion() { + // AES-128 + let key = [ + 0x2b, 0x7e, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xae, 0xd2, 0xa6, 0xab, 0xf7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xcf, + 0x4f, 0x3c, + ]; + let expected: [u32; 4] = [0x2b7e1516, 0x28aed2a6, 0xabf71588, 0x09cf4f3c]; + let w = key_expansion::</*Nk,Nb,Nr*/ 4, 4, 10>(&key); + for i in 0..4 { + assert_eq!(expected[i], u32::from_be_bytes(w[i])); + } + + // AES-196 + let key = [ + 0x8e, 0x73, 0xb0, 0xf7, 0xda, 0x0e, 0x64, 0x52, 0xc8, 0x10, 0xf3, 0x2b, 0x80, 0x90, + 0x79, 0xe5, 0x62, 0xf8, 0xea, 0xd2, 0x52, 0x2c, 0x6b, 0x7b, + ]; + let expected: [u32; 6] = [ + 0x8e73b0f7, 0xda0e6452, 0xc810f32b, 0x809079e5, 0x62f8ead2, 0x522c6b7b, + ]; + let w = key_expansion::</*Nk,Nb,Nr*/ 6, 4, 12>(&key); + for i in 0..6 { + assert_eq!(expected[i], u32::from_be_bytes(w[i])); + } + + // AES-256 + let key = [ + 0x60, 0x3d, 0xeb, 0x10, 0x15, 0xca, 0x71, 0xbe, 0x2b, 0x73, 0xae, 0xf0, 0x85, 0x7d, + 0x77, 0x81, 0x1f, 0x35, 0x2c, 0x07, 0x3b, 0x61, 0x08, 0xd7, 0x2d, 0x98, 0x10, 0xa3, + 0x09, 0x14, 0xdf, 0xf4, + ]; + let expected: [u32; 8] = [ + 0x603deb10, 0x15ca71be, 0x2b73aef0, 0x857d7781, 0x1f352c07, 0x3b6108d7, 0x2d9810a3, + 0x0914dff4, + ]; + let w = key_expansion::</*Nk,Nb,Nr*/ 8, 4, 14>(&key); + for i in 0..8 { + assert_eq!(expected[i], u32::from_be_bytes(w[i])); + } + } + + /// test against paper test vector (appendix B) + #[test] + fn test_encrypt_block_test_vector() { + let input: [u8; 16] = [ + 0x32, 0x43, 0xf6, 0xa8, 0x88, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x8d, 0x31, 0x31, 0x98, 0xa2, 0xe0, 0x37, + 0x07, 0x34, + ]; + let key = [ + 0x2b, 0x7e, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xae, 0xd2, 0xa6, 0xab, 0xf7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xcf, + 0x4f, 0x3c, + ]; + let expanded_key = key_expansion::<4, 4, 10>(&key); + + let c = encrypt_block::<10>(&input, &expanded_key); + + let expected: [u8; 16] = [ + 0x39, 0x02, 0xdc, 0x19, 0x25, 0xdc, 0x11, 0x6a, 0x84, 0x09, 0x85, 0x0b, 0x1d, 0xfb, + 0x97, 0x32, + ]; + + assert_eq!(flatten_state(c), expected); + } + + /// test with loop of random-values against a rust well-tested library + #[test] + fn test_encrypt_block_external_lib() { + // TODO random-values loop against a rust well-tested library + } +}